The relationship between cerebrovascular complications and previously established use of antiplatelet therapy in left-sided infective endocarditis

References

• Thuny F, Di Salvo G, Belliard O, Avierinos JF, Pergola V, Rosenberg V, . Risk of embolism and death in infective endocarditis: prognostic value of echocardiography: a prospective multicenter study. Circulation 2005;112:69–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Salvo G, Habib G, Pergola V, Avierinos JF, Philip E, Casalta JP, . Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1069–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durante Mangoni E, Adinolfi LE, Tripodi MF, Andreana A, Gambardella M, Ragone E, . Risk factors for ‘major’ embolic events in hospitalized patients with infective endocarditis. Am Heart J 2003;146:311–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anavekar NS, Tleyjeh IM, Anavekar NS, Mirzoyev Z, Steckelberg JM, Haddad C, . Impact of prior antiplatelet therapy on risk of embolism in infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:1180–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickerman SA, Abrutyn E, Barsic B, Bouza E, Cecchi E, Moreno A, . The relationship between the initiation of antimicrobial therapy and the incidence of stroke in infective endocarditis: an analysis from the ICE Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS). Am Heart J 2007;154:1086–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olaison L. Infective endocarditis. Studies on diagnostic criteria and effects of treatment. Doctoral thesis, Gothenburg University, Sweden, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Kupferwasser LI, Yeaman MR, Shapiro SM, Nast CC, Sullam PM, Filler SG, . Acetylsalicylic acid reduces vegetation bacterial density, hematogenous bacterial dissemination, and frequency of embolic events in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis through antiplatelet and antibacterial effects. Circulation 1999;99:2791–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolau DP, Marangos MN, Nightingale CH, Quintiliani R. Influence of aspirin on development and treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:1748–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levison ME, Carrizosa J, Tanphaichitra D, Schick PK, Rubin W. Effect of aspirin on thrombogenesis and on production of experimental aortic valvular Streptococcus viridans endocarditis in rabbits. Blood 1977;49:645–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taha TH, Durrant SS, Mazeika PK, Nihoyannopoulos P, Oakley CM. Aspirin to prevent growth of vegetations and cerebral emboli in infective endocarditis. J Intern Med 1992;231:543–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan KL, Dumesnil JG, Cujec B, Sanfilippo AJ, Jue J, Turek MA, . A randomized trial of aspirin on the risk of embolic events in patients with infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:775–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisen DP, Corey GR, McBryde ES, Fowler VG Jr, Miro JM, Cabell CH, . Reduced valve replacement surgery and complication rate in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis patients receiving acetyl-salicylic acid. J Infect 2009;58:332–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan KL, Tam J, Dumesnil JG, Cujec B, Sanfilippo AJ, Jue J, . Effect of long-term aspirin use on embolic events in infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:37–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepin J, Tremblay V, Bechard D, Rodier F, Walker C, Dufresne D, . Chronic antiplatelet therapy and mortality among patients with infective endocarditis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009;22:22.
   Google Scholar
• Corral I, Martin-Davila P, Fortun J, Navas E, Centella T, Moya JL, . Trends in neurological complications of endocarditis. J Neurol 2007;27:27.
   Google Scholar
• Le Cam B, Guivarch G, Boles JM, Garre M, Cartier F. Neurologic complications in a group of 86 bacterial endocarditis. Eur Heart J 1984;5(Suppl C):97–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pruitt AA, Rubin RH, Karchmer AW, Duncan GW. Neurologic complications of bacterial endocarditis. Medicine (Baltimore) 1978;57:329–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snygg-Martin U, Gustafsson L, Rosengren L, Alsio A, Ackerholm P, Andersson R, . Cerebrovascular complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis are common: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurochemical brain damage markers. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duval X, Iung B, Klein I, Brochet E, Thabut G, Arnoult F, . Effect of early cerebral magnetic resonance imaging on clinical decisions in infective endocarditis: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med 2010;152:497–504, W175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruitt AA. Neurological complications of infective endocarditis: a review of an evolving disease and its management issues in the 1990s. Infect Dis Clin Pract 1996;5: 101–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roder BL, Wandall DA, Espersen F, Frimodt-Moller N, Skinhoj P, Rosdahl VT. Neurologic manifestations in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a review of 260 bacteremic cases in nondrug addicts. Am J Med 1997;102:379–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner PI. Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis. Med Clin North Am 1985;69:385–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toone CE. Cerebral manifestations of bacterial endocarditis. Ann Intern Med 1941;14:1551–74.
   Google Scholar
• Durante-Mangoni E, Bradley S, Selton-Suty C, Tripodi MF, Barsic B, Bouza E, . Current features of infective endocarditis in elderly patients: results of the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:2095–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cabell CH, Jollis JG, Peterson GE, Corey GR, Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ, . Changing patient characteristics and the effect on mortality in endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:90–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hogevik H, Olaison L, Andersson R, Lindberg J, Alestig K. Epidemiologic aspects of infective endocarditis in an urban population. A 5-year prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 1995;74:324–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupferwasser LI, Yeaman MR, Shapiro SM, Nast CC, Bayer AS. In vitro susceptibility to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein is associated with reduced disease progression and complication rates in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: microbiological, histopathologic, and echocardiographic analyses. Circulation 2002;105: 746–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullam PM, Frank U, Yeaman MR, Tauber MG, Bayer AS, Chambers HF. Effect of thrombocytopenia on the early course of streptococcal endocarditis. J Infect Dis 1993; 168:910–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson CM, Bowie EJ. Pigs with von Willebrand disease may be resistant to experimental infective endocarditis. J Lab Clin Med 1992;120:553–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoen B. Platelets and platelet inhibitors in infective endocarditis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2002;4:299–303.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adler A, Litmanovitz I, Bauer S, Dolfin T. Aspirin treatment for neonatal infectious endocarditis. Pediatr Cardiol 2004; 25:562–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar