Molecular typing of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with an automated repetitive sequence-based PCR microbial typing system compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing

References

• Werner G, Coque TM, Hammerum AM, Hope R, Hryniewicz W, Johnson A, et al. Emergence and spread of vancomycin resistance among enterococci in Europe. Euro Surveill 2008;13. pii: 19046.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willems RJ, Top J, van Santen M, Robinson DA, Coque TM, Baquero F, et al. Global spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from distinct nosocomial genetic complex. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11:821–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willems RJ, Hanage WP, Bessen DE, Feil EJ. Population biology of Gram-positive pathogens: high-risk clones for dissemination of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011;35:872–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Schaik W, Top J, Riley DR, Boekhorst J, Vrijenhoek JE, Schapendonk CM, et al. Pyrosequencing-based comparative genome analysis of the nosocomial pathogen Enterococcus faecium and identification of a large transferable pathogenicity island. BMC Genomics 2010;11:239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray BE, Singh KV, Heath JD, Sharma BR, Weinstock GM. Comparison of genomic DNAs of different enterococcal isolates using restriction endonucleases with infrequent recognition sites. J Clin Microbiol 1990;28:2059–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suppola JP, Kolho E, Salmenlinna S, Tarkka E, Vuopio-Varkila J, Vaara M. vanA and vanB incorporate into an endemic ampicillin-resistant vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecium strain: effect on interpretation of clonality. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:3934–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turabelidze D, Kotetishvili M, Kreger A, Morris JG Jr, Sulakvelidze A. Improved pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:4242–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, Persing DH, et al. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:2233–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Belkum A, Tassios PT, Dijkshoorn L, Haeggman S, Cookson B, Fry NK, et al. Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007;13(Suppl 3):1–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Top J, Schouls LM, Bonten MJ, Willems RJ. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, a novel typing scheme to study the genetic relatedness and epidemiology of Enterococcus faecium isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42: 4503–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homan WL, Tribe D, Poznanski S, Li M, Hogg G, Spalburg E, et al. Multilocus sequence typing scheme for Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:1963–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner G, Klare I, Witte W. The current MLVA typing scheme for Enterococcus faecium is less discriminatory than MLST and PFGE for epidemic-virulent, hospital-adapted clonal types. BMC Microbiol 2007;7:28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang YC, Wang JT, Chen ML, Chen YC. Comparison of an automated repetitive-sequence-based PCR microbial typing system with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for molecular typing of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48:2897–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pounder JI, Shutt CK, Schaecher BJ, Woods GL. Clinical evaluation of repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction using the Diversi-Lab System for strain typing of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;54:183–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sherer CR, Sprague BM, Campos JM, Nambiar S, Temple R, Short B, et al. Characterizing vancomycin- resistant enterococci in neonatal intensive care. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11:1470–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdon N, Lemire A, Fines-Guyon M, Auzou M, Perichon B, Courvalin P, et al. Comparison of four methods, including semi-automated rep-PCR, for the typing of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Microbiol Methods 2010;84:74–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dutka-Malen S, Evers S, Courvalin P. Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:24–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fluit AC, Terlingen AM, Andriessen L, Ikawaty R, van Mansfeld R, Top J, et al. Evaluation of the DiversiLab system for detection of hospital outbreaks of infections by different bacterial species. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48:3979–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tenover FC, Gay EA, Frye S, Eells SJ, Healy M, McGowan JE Jr. Comparison of typing results obtained for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates with the DiversiLab system and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 2009;47:2452–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter PR, Gaston MA. Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson’s index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol 1988;26:2465–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar