Changes in colonization of residents and staff of a long-term care facility and an adjacent acute-care hospital geriatric unit by multidrug-resistant bacteria over a four-year period

References

• March A, Aschbacher R, Dhanji H, Livermore DM, Böttcher A, Sleghel F, et al. Colonization of residents and staff of a long-term-care facility and adjacent acute-care hospital geriatric unit by multiresistant bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010;16:934–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 22^nd Informational supplement. Wayne, PA: CLSI; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Woodford N, Fagan EJ, Ellington MJ. Multiplex PCR for rapid detection of genes encoding CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;57: 154–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins KL, Threlfall EJ, Karisik E, Wardle JK. Identification of novel plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-57 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008;31:85–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan M, Aucken H, Hall LM, Pitt TL, Livermore DM. Epidemiological typing of klebsiellae with extended- spectrum β-lactamases from European intensive care units. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998;4:527–39.
   Google Scholar
• Pereira M, Perilli M, Mantengoli E, Luzzaro F, Toniolo A, Rossolini GM, et al. PER-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in an Alcaligenes faecalis clinical isolate resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams from a hospital in northern Italy. Microb Drug Resist 2000;6:85–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M’Zali FH, Heritage J, Gascoyne-Binzi DM, Denton M, Todd NJ, Hawkey PM. Transcontinental importation into the UK of Escherichia coli expressing a plasmid-mediated AmpC-type beta-lactamase exposed during an outbreak of SHV-5 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in a Leeds hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997;40:823–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poirel L, Naas T, Nicolas D, Collet L, Bellais S, Cavallo JD, et al. Characterization of VIM-2, a carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-β-lactamase and its plasmid- and integron-borne gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;44:891–7.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Martinez L, Pascual A, Jacoby GA. Quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid. Lancet 1998; 351:797–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacoby GA, Walsh KE, Mills DM, Walker VJ, Oh H, Robicsek A, et al.qnrB, another plasmid-mediated gene for quinolone resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:1178–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veldman K, Cavaco LM, Mevius D, Battisti A, Franco A, Botteldoorn N, et al. International collaborative study on the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from animals, humans, food and the environment in 13 European countries. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66: 1278–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hata M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Sato K, Ibe S, et al. Cloning of the novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:801–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodford N, Ward ME, Kaufmann ME, Turton J, Fagan EJ, James D, et al. Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended spectrum β-lactamases in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54:735–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciesielczuk H, Hornsey M, Choi V, Woodford N, Wareham D. Development and evaluation of a multiplex PCR for eight plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants. J Med Microbiol 2013;62:1823–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doumith M, Day MJ, Hope R, Wain J, Woodford N. Improved multiplex PCR strategy for rapid assignment of the four major Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. J Clin Microbiol 2012;50:3108–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhanji H, Doumith M, Clermont O, Denamur E, Hope R, Livermore DM, et al. Real-time PCR for detection of the O25b–ST131 clone of Escherichia coli and its CTX-M-15-like extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010;36:355–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colom K, Pérez J, Alonso R, Fernández-Aranguiz A, Lariño E, Cisterna R. Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for detection of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaOXA-1 genes in Enterobacteriaceae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 223:147–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebana E, Gibbs M, Clouting C, Barker L, Clifton-Hadley FA, Pleydell E, et al. Characterization of beta-lactamases responsible for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica strains from food-producing animals in the United Kingdom. Microb Drug Resist 2004;10:1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaufmann ME. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In: Woodford N, Johnson AP, editors. Molecular biology: protocols and clinical applications. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1998 pp. 33–50.
   Google Scholar
• Sabbuba NA, Mahenthiralingam, Stickler DJ. Molecular epidemiology of Proteus mirabilis infections of the catheterized urinary tract. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41: 4961–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tinelli M, Cataldo MA, Mantengoli E, Cadeddu C, Cunietti E, Luzzaro F, et al. Epidemiology and genetic characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections in long-term care facilities. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2982–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carattoli A, Aschbacher R, March A, Larcher C, Livermore DM, Woodford N. Complete nucleotide sequence of the IncN plasmid pKOX105 encoding VIM-1, QnrS1 and SHV-12 proteins in Enterobacteriaceae from Bolzano, Italy compared with IncN plasmids encoding KPC enzymes in the USA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:2070–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yuan J, Xu X, Guo Q, Zhao X, Ye X, Guo Y, et al. Prevalence of the oqxAB gene complex in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67:1655–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Champs C, Monne C, Bonnet R, Sougakoff W, Sirot D, Chanal C, et al. New TEM variant (TEM-92) produced by Proteus mirabilis and Providencia stuartii isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:1278–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Fallon E, Schreiber R, Kandel R, D’Agata EM. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria at a long-term care facility: assessment of residents, healthcare workers, and inanimate surfaces. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30:1172–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweon SJ, Edmonds SL, Kirk J, Rowland DY, Acosta C. Effectiveness of a comprehensive hand hygiene program for reduction of infection rates in a long-term care facility. Am J Infect Control 2013;41:39–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnoldo L, Migliavacca R, Regattin L, Raglio A, Pagani L, Nucleo E, et al. Prevalence of urinary colonization by extended spectrum-beta-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae among catheterized inpatients in Italian long term care facilities. BMC Infect Dis 2013;13:124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugnaro P, Fedeli U, Pellizzer G, Buonfrate D, Rassu M, Boldrin C, et al. Clustering and risk factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in two Italian long-term care facilities. Infection 2009;37: 216–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar