46
Views
138
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Streptococcal Serogroup: A Epidemic in Norway 1987–1988

&
Pages 421-429 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Gedde-Dahl TW, Hansen R, Kleivan D, Klingberg MA, Lystad A. A new notification system for infectious diseases in Norway. NIPH Ann 1978; 1(1)43–50
  • Hjortdal P, Haugli L, Pederstad J, Paasche S, Høiby EA, Vogt J. Diagnosis of beta-haemolytic streptococcal throat infections in general practice. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 1984; 104: 673–676, (In Norwegian.)
  • Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, Meurman O, Hakkarainen K, Miettinen A, Arstila P, Eskola J, Saikku P. Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 612–616
  • Flaherty D, Strauss L, Lee B, Schachter J, Mills J, Hadley K, Sande MA. Etiology of pharyngitis in adults. American Society for Microbiology, 29th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Houston, September, 1989, (Abstract.)
  • Gedde-Dahl TW, Lettenstrøm GS, Bøvre K. Coverage for meningococcal disease in the Norwegian morbidity and mortality statistics. NIPH Ann 1980; 3(2)31–35
  • Francis J, Warren RE. Streptococcus pyogenes bacteraemia in Cambridge—a review of 67 episodes. Q J Med 1988; 256: 603–613
  • Bernaldo D, Quiros J CL, Cercenado E, Hernandez-Sampelayo T, Moreno S, Garcia-Leoni M EA, Bouza E. Bacteremia by group A streptococcus: a prospective study. American Society for Microbiology. 29th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Houston, September, 1989, (Abstract.)
  • Keefer CS, Ingelfinger FJ, Spink WW. Significance of hemolytic streptococcic bacteremia. A study of two hundred and forty-six patients. Arch Intern Med 1937; 60: 1084–1097
  • Anonymous. Serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes: their relative prevalence in England and Wales 1952–1956. Monthly Bulletin Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 1957; 16: 163–171
  • Mitchell ES. Frequency of serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes in different diseases. J Clin Pathol 1962; 15: 231–234
  • Lütticken R, Wendorff U, Lütticken D, Wannamaker LW. Typing of group A streptococci from an urban area in West Germany. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 1977; 237: 35–43
  • Mayon-White RT, Perks EM. Why type streptococci? The epidemiology of group A streptococci in Oxfordshire 1976–1980. J Hyg (Lond) 1982; 88: 439–452
  • Köhler W. Results of the second international Streptococcus pyogenes type distribution survey. Streptococcal diseases and the community, MJ Haverkorn. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1974; 10–13
  • Gaworzewska E, Colman G. Changes in the pattern of infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Epidemiol Infect 1988; 100: 257–269
  • Holm S. Serious infections caused by group A streptococci. Statens Bakteriologiska Laboratorium. Stockholm. Epid Aktuellt 1988; 11: 47, (In Swedish.)
  • Henrichsen J, Hoffman S, Rothgardt NP, Rønne T. Infection with group A streptococci. Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen. Epi-Nyt 50, 1988, (In Danish.)
  • Smyth EG, Weinbren MJ. Severe group A streptococcal infection. Lancet 1988; 2: 452
  • Acharaya V, Lamont C AR, Cooper K. Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus causing disseminated intravascular coagulation and maternal death. Lancet 1988; 1: 595
  • Kari J, Wise R. Group A beta haemolytic streptococcus causing disseminated intravascular coagulation and maternal death. Lancet 1988; 1: 993
  • Swinger GR, Bigrigg MA, Hewitt BG, McNulty C AM. Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with group A streptococcal infection in pregnancy. Lancet 1988; 1: 1456
  • Cruickshank JG, Hart R JC, George M, Feest TG. Fatal streptococcal septicaemia. Br Med J 1981; 282: 1944–1945
  • Coulter J BS, Buchanan CR, Vellodi A, Hart CA, Sills JA. Group A streptococcal infection in the newborn. Lancet 1984; 2: 355–356
  • Goepel JR, Richards DG, Harris DM, Henry L. Fulminant Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Br Med J 1980; 281: 1412
  • Ispahani P, Donald FE, Aveline A JD. Streptococcus pyogenes: an old enemy subdued but not defeated. J Infect 1988; 16: 37–46
  • Bartter T, Dascal A, Carroll K, Curley FJ. ‘Toxic strep syndrome’—A manifestation of group A streptococcal infection. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 1421–1424
  • Stevens DL, Tanner MH, Winship J, Swarts R, Ries KM, Schlievert PM, Kaplan EL. Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1–7
  • Stollerman GH. Changing group A streptococci. The reappearance of streptococcal ‘toxic shock’. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 1268–1270
  • Kaplan EL, Johnson DR, Cleary PP. Group A streptococcal serotypes isolated from patients and sibling contacts during the resurgence of rheumatic fever in the United States in the mid-1980s. J Infect Dis 1989; 159: 101–103
  • Congeni B, Rizzo C, Congeni J, Sreenivasan VV. Outbreak of acute rheumatic fever in north-east Ohio. J Pediatr 1987; 111: 176–179
  • Centers for Disease Control. Acute rheumatic fever-Utah. MMWR 1987; 36: 108–110
  • Centers for Disease Control. Acute rheumatic fever at a navy training center—San Diego, California. JAMA 1988; 259: 178–183
  • Black PH, Swartz MN, Sharp JT, Kunz LJ, Stokes J, McFarland RB. Severe streptococcal disease. Observations during an epidemic. N Engl J Med 1961; 18: 898–903
  • Madsen ST. Scarlet fever and erysipelas in Norway during the last hundred years. Infection 1973; 1: 76–81
  • Stollerman GH. Global changes in group A streptococcal diseases and strategies for their prevention. Adv Intern Med 1982; 27: 373–406
  • Quinn WR. Comprehensive review of morbidity and mortality trends for rheumatic fever, streptococcal disease, and scarlet fever: the decline of rheumatic fever. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 928–950

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.