Incidence of Primary Toxoplasma Infections during Pregnancy in Southern Finland: A Prospective Cohort Study

References

• Wilson C B, Remington J S. What can be done to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 138: 357–363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stagno S. Congenital toxoplasmosis: marginal comment. Am J Dis Child 1980; 134: 635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joynson D HM, Payne R. Screening for toxoplasma in pregnancy. Lancet 1988; 2: 795–796
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Editorial. Antenatal screening for toxoplasmosis in the UK. Lancet 1990; 336: 346–348
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Desmonts G, Couvreur J. Congenital toxoplasmosis. A prospective study of the offspring of 542 women who acquired toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Pathophysiology of congenital disease. Pathophysiology of congenital disease. Perinatal Medicine, 6th European Congress of Vienna, 1978, O Thalhammer, K Baumgarten, A Pollak. Georg Thieme Verlag, StuttgartWest Germany 1979; 51–60
   Google Scholar
• Wilson C B, Remington J S, Stagno S, Reynolds D W. Development of adverse sequelae in children born with subclinical congenital toxoplasma infection. Pediatrics 1980; 66: 767–774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alford C A, Pass R F. Perinatal infections. Clin Perinatol 1981; 8: 402–403
   Google Scholar
• Alford C A, Stagno S, Reynolds D W. Congenital toxoplasmosis: clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic considerations, with special reference to subclinical disease. Bull NY Acad Med 1974; 50: 160–181
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Remington J S, Desmonts G. Toxoplasmosis. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant, 3rd ed., J S Remington, J O Klein. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1990; 98–195
   Google Scholar
• Frenkel J K. Toxoplasmosis Symposium on parasitic infections. Pediatr Clin North Am 1985; 32: 917–932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brade V, Engelhardt A, Harms D. Konnatale Toxoplasmose mit verzögerter Immunantwort des Kindes. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1987; 112: 837–841
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• James K. Immunoserology in infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990; 3: 132–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daffos F, Forestier F, Capella-Pavlovsky M, Thulliez P, Aufrant C, Valenti D, Cox W L. Prenatal management of 746 pregnancies at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 271–275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmonts G, Daffos F, Forestier F, Capella-Pavlovsky M, Thulliez P, Chartier M. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Lancet 1985; 1: 500–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derouin F, Thulliez P, Candolfi E, Daffos F, Forestier F. Early prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis using amniotic fluid samples and tissue culture. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1988; 7: 423–425
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hedman K, Lappalainen M, Seppälä I, Mäkelä O. Recent primary toxoplasma infection indicated by a low avidity of specific IgG. J Infect Dis 1989; 159: 736–740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedman K, Seppälä I. Recent rubella virus infection indicated by a low avidity of specific IgG. J Clin Immunol 1988; 8: 214–221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joynson D HM, Payne R A, Rawal B K. Potential role of IgG avidity for diagnosing toxoplasmosis. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43: 1032–1033
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burg J L, Grover C M, Pouletty P, Boothroyd J C. Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by the polymerasc chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 1787–1792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhofstede C, van Renterghem L, Plum J, Vanderschueren S, Vanhaesebrouck P. Congenital toxoplasmosis and TORCH. Lancet 1990; 2: 622–623
   Google Scholar
• Couvreur J, Desmonts G, Thulliez P. Prophylaxis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Effects of spiramycin on placental infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 1988; 22(Suppl B)193–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laemmli U K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227: 680–685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bers G, Garfin D. Protein and nucleic acid blotting and immunobiochemical detection. BioTechniques 1985; 3: 276–288
   Google Scholar
• Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophorctic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1979; 76: 4350–4354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koskiniemi M, Lappalainen M, Hedman K. Toxoplasmosis needs evaluation. An overview and proposals. Am J Dis Child 1989; 143: 724–728
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCabe R, Remington J S. The diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1983; 2: 95–104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brooks R G, McCabe R E, Remington J S. Role of serology in the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. Rev Infect Dis 1987; 9: 1055–1062
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herbrink P, van Loon A M, Rotmans J P, van Knapen F, van Dijk W C. Interlaboratory evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 100–105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gardner M J, Altman D G. Statistics with confidence. BMJ, London 1990
   Google Scholar
• Hurley R. Infections in pregnancy. Obstetrics, 1st ed., A Turnbull, G Chamberlain. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1989; 623–640
   Google Scholar
• Jeannel D, Niel G, Costagliola D, Danis M, Boukary M, Gentilini M. Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the Paris area. Int J Epidemiol 1988; 17: 595–602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenkel J K, Ruiz A. Human toxoplasmosis and cat contacts in Costa Rica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980; 29: 1167–1180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlfors K, Börjeson M, Huldt G, Forsberg E. Incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in the city of Malmö, Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1989; 21: 315–321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stray-Pedersen B, Lorentzen-Styr A M. The prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies among 11736 pregnant women in Norway. Scand J Infect Dis 1979; 11: 159–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuith L C, Reibnegger G, Hönlinger M, Wachter H. Screening for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Lancet 1988; 2: 1196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stray-Pedersen B. A prospective study of acquired toxoplasmosis among 8043 pregnant women in the Oslo area. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 136: 399–406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams K AB, Scott J M, MacFarlane D E, Williamson J MW, Elias-Jones T F, William H. Congenital toxoplasmosis; a prospective survey in the West Scotland. J Infect 1981; 3: 219–229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterton J MV, Skinner L J, Joss A WL, Ho-Yen D O. Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in Scotland. J Infect 1989; 18: 249–255
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jeannel D, Costagliola D, Niel G, Hubert Danis B. M. What is known about the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis?. Lancet 1990; 336: 359–361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmonts G. Preventing congenital toxoplasmosis. Lancet 1990; 336: 1017–1018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppe J G, Loewer-Sieger D H, de Roever-Bonnet H. Results of 20-year follow-up of congenital toxoplasmosis. Lancet 1986; 1: 254–256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar