Immunoglobulin Deficiencies and Impaired Immune Response to Polysaccharide Antigens in Adult Patients with Recurrent Community-acquired Pneumonia

References

• Statistical Abstract of the United States, 104th ed. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC 1984
   Google Scholar
• Ekdahl K, Braconier J H, Rollof J. Recurrent pneumonia: a review of 90 adult patients. Scand J Infect Dis 1992; 24: 71–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterbauer R H, Bedon G A, Ball W C, Jr. Recurrent pneumonia: predisposing illness and clinical patterns in 158 patients. Ann Intern Med 1969; 70: 689–700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruyn G AW, Zegers B JM, van Furth R. Mechanisms of host defense against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 251–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrutyn E. Recurrent pneumonia. The pneumonias: clinical approaches to infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract, M E Levison. PSG Inc, Boston 1984; 153–66
   Google Scholar
• Burman LÅ, Trollfors B, Andersson B, Henrichsen J, Juto P, Kallings I, Lagergård T, Möllby R, Norrby R. Diagnosis of pneumonia by cultures, bacterial and viral antigen detection tests, and serology with special reference to antibodies against pneumococcal antigens. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 1087–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musher D M, Chapman A J, Goree A, Jonsson S, Briles D, Baughn R E. Natural and vaccine-related immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 1986; 154: 245–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruyn G AW, van Furth R. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines: indications, efficacy and recommendations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 10: 897–910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briles D E, Forman C, Crain M. Mouse antibody to phospho-choline can protect mice from infection with mouse-virulent human isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1992; 60: 1957–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brundish D E, Baddiley J. Pneumococcal C-substance. a ribitol teichoic acid containing choline phosphate. Biochem J 1968; 110: 573–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briles D E, Scott G, Gray B, Crain M J, Blaese M, Nahm M, Scott V, Haber P. Naturally occurring antibodies to phospho-coline as a potential index of antibody responsiveness to poiysaccharides. J Infect Dis 1987; 155: 1307–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekdahl K, Truedsson L, Sjöholm A G, Braconier J H. Complement analysis in patients with a history of bacteremic pneumococcal infections or recurrent pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis 1995; 27: 111–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxelius V-A. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and electroim-munoassay of human IgG subclasses. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [C] 1978; 86: 109–16
   Google Scholar
• Robbins J B, Lee C, Jrastogi S C, Schiffman G, Henrichsen J. Comparative immunogenicity of group 6 pneumococcal type 6A(6) and type 6B(26) capsular polysaccharides. Infect Immun 1979; 26: 1116–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claflin J L, Lieberman R, Davie J M. Clonal nature of the immune response to phosphorylcholine I. Specificity, class and idiotype of uniformity of phosphorylcholine-binding receptors on lymphoid cells. J Exp Med 1974; 139: 58–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjellman B. Bronchial asthma and recurrent pneumonia in children: clinical evaluation of 14 children. Acta Paediatr Scand 1967; 56: 651–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fein A M, Feinsilver S, Niederman M. Nonresolving and recurrent pneumonia. Immun Allergy Clin North Am 1993; 13: 219–45
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schur P H, Borel H, Gelfand E W, Alper C A, Rosen F S. Selective gamma-G globulin deficiencies in patients with recurrent pyogenic infections. N Engl J Med 1970; 283: 631–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeland H S, Scott P P. Recurrent pulmonary infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hypogamma-globulinemia. South Med J 1986; 79: 1366–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shackelford P G, Polmar S H, Mayus J L, Johnson W L, Corry J M, Nahm M H. Spectrum of IgG2 subclass deficiency in children with recurrent infections: prospective study. J Pediatr 1986; 108: 647–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herer B, Labrousse F, Mordelet-Dambrine M, Durandy A, Offredo Hemmer C, Ekindjian O. Selective IgG subclass deficiencies and antibody responses to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen in adult community-acquired pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 854–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oxelius V-A, Laurell A-B, Lindquist B, Golebiowska H, Axelsson U, Björkander J, Hanson LÅ. IgG subclasses in selective IgA deficiency. Importance of IgG2-IgA deficiency. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 1476–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley R H. Humoral immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1986; 40: 13–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siber G R, Schur P H, Aisenberg A C, Weitzman S A, Schiffman G. Correlation between serum IgG-2 concentrations and the antibody response to bacterial polysaccharide antigens. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 178–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umetsu D T, Ambrosino D M, Quinti I, Siber G R, Geha R S. Recurrent sinopulmonary infection and impaired antibody response to bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigen in children with selective IgG-subclass deficiency. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1247–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartmann P, Freihorst J, Seger R, Schmitt M, Wahn U, Wahn V, Jager H. T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antibody response to bacterial polysaccharides in patients with IgG2 deficiency. Immunodeficiency 1993; 4: 59–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rijkers G, Kuis W, de Graeff-Meeder E, Peeters C CAM, Zegers B JM. Impaired immune response to polysaccharides. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 838
   Google Scholar
• Ambrosino D M, Siber G R, Chilmonczyk B A, Jernberg J B, Finberg R W. An immunodeficiency characterized by impaired antibody responses to polysaccharides. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 790–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gigliotti F, Herrod H G, Kalwinsky D K. Immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infections and an isolated in vivo inability to respond to bacterial polysaccharides. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988; 7: 417–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oseasohn R, Skipper B E, Tempest B. Pneumonia in Navajo community. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 117: 1003–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar