Serum PCR of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in Immunocompromised Patients

References

• Smith D E, Forbes A, Davies S, Barton S E, Gazzard B G. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV antibody positive patients by simple outpatient assessments. Thorax 1992; 47: 1005–1009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith J W, Bartlett M S. Laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystosis. Clin Lab Med 1991; 11: 957–975
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wakefield A E, Pixley F P, Banerji S, Sinclair K, Miller R F, Moxon E R, Hopkin J M. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii with DNA amplification. Lancet 1990; 336: 451–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitada K, Oka S, Kimura S, Shimada K, Serikawa T, Yamada J, Tsunoo H, Egawa K, Nakamura Y. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii sequences by polymerase chain reaction: animal models and clinical application to noninvasive specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 1985–1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schluger N, Godwin T, Sepkowitz K, Armstrong D, Bernard E, Rifkin M, Cerami A, Bucala R. Application of DNA amplification to pneumocystosis: presence of serum Pneumocystis carinii DNA during human and experimentally induced Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J Exp Med 1992; 176: 1327–1333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker-Hapak M, Liberator P, Graves D. Detection of human Pneumocystis carinii by polymerase chain reaction. J Protozool 1991; 38: S191–S194
   Google Scholar
• Olsson M, Elvin K, Löfdahl S, Linder E. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 221–226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakefield A E, Guiver L, Miller R F, Hopkin J M. DNA amplification on induced sputum samples for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Lancet 1991; 337: 1378–1379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh T R, Wakefield A E, Peters S E, Hopkin J M, Collins J V. Comparison of DNA amplification and immunofluorescence for detecting Pneumocystis carinii in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Transplantations 1992; 54: 468–470
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roux P, Lavard I, Poirot J L, Chouaid C, Denis M, Olivier J L, Nigou M, Miltgen M. Usefulness of PCR for detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 2324–2326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chouaid C, Roux P, Lavard I, Poirot J L, Housset B. Use of polymerase chain reaction technique on induced-sputum samples for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. Am J Clin Pathol 1995; 104: 72–75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leibovitz E, Pollack H, Moore T, Papellas J, Gallo L, Krasinski K, Borkowsky W. Comparison of PCR and standard cytological staining for detection of Pneumocystis carinii from respiratory specimens from patients with or at high risk for infection by human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 3004–3007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schluger N, Sepkowitz K, Armstrong D, Bernard E, Rifkin M, Cerami A, Bucala R. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii in serum of AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by polymerase chain reaction. J Protozool 1991; 38: S240–S242
   Google Scholar
• Lipschik G Y, Gill V J, Lundgren J D, Andrawis V A, Nelson N A, Nielsen J O, Ognibene F P, Kovacs J A. Improved diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infection by polymerase chain reaction on induced sputum and blood. Lancet 1992; 340: 203–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamburrini E, Mencarini P, de Luca A, Visconti E, Antinori A, Ortona E, Siracusano A. Detection of Pneumocystis DNA in serum and circulating cells is not a good diagnostic marker for pneumocystosis in HIV patients. J Euk Microbiol 1994; 41: S112
   Google Scholar
• Sepkowitz K, Schluger N, Godwin T, Armstrong D, Cerami A, Bucala R. DNA amplification in experimental pneumocystosis: characterization of serum Pneumocystis carinii DNA and potential P. carinii carrier states. J Infect Dis 1993; 168: 421–426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atzori C, Lu J-J, Bingdong B, Bartlett M S, Orlando G, Queener S F, Smith J W, Cargnel A, Lee C-H. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients by using polymerase chain reaction on serum specimens. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 1623–1626
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Luca A, Ortona E, Margutti P, Visconti E, Tamburrini E, Siracusano E. Different amplification efficiency and nucleotide sequence variation in various Pneumocystis isolates from humans and rats. J Euk Microbiol 1994; 41: S85
   Google Scholar
• Saiki R K, Gelfand D H, Stoffel S, Scharf S J, Higuchi R, Horn G T, Mullis K B, Erlich H A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 1988; 239: 487–491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair K, Wakefield A E, Banerji S, Hopkin J M. Pneumocystis carinii organisms derived from rat and human hosts are genetically distinct. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991; 45: 183–184
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu J-J, Chen C H, Bartlett M S, Smith J W, Lee C H. Comparison of six different PCR methods for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii. J Clin Microbiol 1996, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Peters S E, Wakefield A E, Banerji S, Hopkin J M. Quantification of the detection of Pneumocystis carinii by DNA amplification. Mol Cell Probes 1992; 6: 115–117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tamburrini E, Mencarini P, Visconti E, Zolfo M, de Luca A, Siracusano A, Ortona E, Wakefield A E. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in blood by PCR is not of value for diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 1586–1588
   PubMedGoogle Scholar