Urinary tract stone disease: Are all problems solved?

References

• Chaussy C, Brendel W, Schmiedt E. Extracorporeal induced destruction of kidney stones by shockwaves. Lancet 1980;ii:1265–8.
   Google Scholar
• Chaussy C, Schmiedt E, Jocham D, Brendel W, Forssman B, Walther V. First clinical experience with extracorporeally induced destruction of kidney stones by shock waves. J Urol 1982;127:417–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna R, Monga M. Instrumentation in endourology. Ther Adv Urol 2011;3:119–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rassweiler JJ, Knoll T, Köhrmann KU, McAteer JA, Lingeman JE, Cleveland RO, Shock wave technology and application: an update. Eur Urol 2011;59:784–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geavlete P, Multescu R, Geavlete B. Retrograde flexible ureteroscopy: reshaping the upper urinary tract endourology. Arch Esp Urol 2011;64:3–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bader MJ, Eisner B, Porpiglia F, Preminger GM, Tiselius HG. Contemporary management of ureteral stones. Eur Urol 2012;61:764–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinman NM, Andonian S, Smith AD. Lasers in percutaneous renal procedures. World J Urol 2010;28:135–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaussy C, Bergsdorf T. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for lower pole calculi smaller than one centimeter. Indian J Urol 2008;24:517–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osman M, Alfano Y, Kamp S, Haecker A, Alken P, Michel M, 5-year-follow-up of patients with clinically insignificant residual fragments after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Eur Urol 2005;47:860–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rassweiler J, Renner C, Chaussy C, Thüroff S. Treatment of renal stones by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: an update. Eur Urol 2001;39:187–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiselius HG. Considerations on the management of patients with residual stone material after active removal of urinary tract stones. Turk J Urol 2009;35:304–9.
   Google Scholar
• Arrabal-Martín M, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Arrabal-Polo MA, García-Ruiz MJ, Zuluaga-Gómez A. Extracorporeal renal lithotripsy: evolution of residual lithiasis treated with thiazides. Urology 2006;68:956–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen RN, Streem SB. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for lower pole calculi: long-term radiographic and clinical outcome. J Urol 1996;156:1572–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raman JD, Bagrodia A, Gupta A, Bensalah K, Cadeddu JA, Lotan Y, Natural history of residual fragments following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. J Urol 2009;181:1163–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srisubat A, Potisat S, Lojanapiwat B, Setthawong V, Laopaiboon M. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD007044.
   Google Scholar
• Jung H, Nørby B, Osther P. Retrograde intrarenal stone surgery for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy-resistant kidney stones. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2006;40:380–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley J, Stearman L, Troxel S. Retrograde ureteroscopy for renal stones larger than 2.5 cm. J Endourol 2009;23:1395–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youssef RF, El-Nahas AR, El-Assmy AM, El-Tabey NA, El-Hefnawy AS, Eraky I, Shock wave lithotripsy versus semirigid ureteroscopy for proximal ureteral calculi (<20 mm): a comparative matched-pair study. Urology 2009;73:1184–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziaee SA, Halimiasl P, Aminsharifi A, Shafi H, Beigi FM, Basiri A. Management of 10–15-mm proximal ureteral stones: ureteroscopy or extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy? Urology 2008;71:28–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hentschel H, Janitzky V, Weirich T. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy – always effective and free of complications? Aktuelle Urol 2007;38:232–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tiselius HG. Epidemiology and medical management of stone disease. BJU Int 2003;91:758–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardo NO, Smith AD. Chemolysis of urinary calculi. Urol Clin North Am 2000;27:355–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shekarriz B, Stoller ML. Uric acid nephrolithiasis: current concepts and controversies. J Urol 2002;168:1307–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck EM, Riehle RA Jr. The fate of residual fragments after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy of infection stones. J Urol 1991;145:6–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streem S. Long-term incidence and risk factors for recurrent stones following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy or percutaneous nephrostolithotomy/extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for infection related calculi. J Urol 1995;153:584–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Danuser H, Müller R, Descoeudres B, Dobry E, Studer UE. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of lower calyx calculi: how much is treatment outcome influenced by the anatomy of the collecting system? Eur Urol 2007;52:539–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elbahnasy AM, Clayman RV, Shalhav AI, Hoenig DM, Chandhoke PS, Lingeman JE, Lower-pole caliceal stone clearance after shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and flexible ureteroscopy: impact of radiographic spatial anatomy. J Endourol 1998;12:113–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leykamm L, Tiselius HG. Observations on intrarenal geometry of the lower-caliceal system in relation to clearance of stone fragments after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. J Endourol 2007;21:386–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ng CF, Wong A, Tolley DA. A single-center experience of the usefulness of caliceal-pelvic height in three different lithotripters. J Endourol 2008;22:1409–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sampaio FJB, Arago AHM. Inferior pole collecting system anatomy: its probable role in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol 1992;147:322–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Talas H, Kilic O, Tangal S, Safak M. Does lower-pole caliceal anatomy predict stone clearance after shock wave lithotripsy for primary lower-pole nephrolithiasis? Urol Int 2007;79:129–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Albanis S, Ather HM, Papatsoris AG, Masood J, Staios D, Sheikh T, Inversion, hydration and diuresis during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: does it improve the stone-free rate for lower pole stone clearance? Urol Int 2009;83:211–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiong E, Hwee ST, Kay LM, Liang S, Kamaraj R, Esuvaranathan K. Randomized controlled study of mechanical percussion, diuresis, and inversion therapy to assist passage of lower pole renal calculi after shock wave lithotripsy. Urology 2005;65:1070–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace KT, Tariq N, Dyer SJ, Weir MJ, D'a Honey RJ. Mechanical percussion, inversion and diuresis for residual lower pole fragments after shock wave lithotripsy: a prospective, single blind, randomized controlled study. J Urol 2001;166:2065–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shah A, Harper JD, Cunitz BW, Wang YN, Puan M, Simon JS, Focused ultrasound to expel calculi from the kidney. J Urol 2012;187:739–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiselius HG. Solution chemistry of supersaturation. In Coe FL, Favus MJ, Pak CYC, Parks JH, Preminger GM, editors. Kidney stones: medical and surgical management. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1996. p 33–64.
   Google Scholar
• Tiselius H-G. Chemolytic treatment of patients with urinary tract stones. In Raao NP, Preminger GM, Kavanagh JP, editors. Urinary tract stone disease. London: Springer; 2011. p 627–37.
   Google Scholar
• Thalji NK, Richards NG, Peck AB, Canales BK. Enzymatic dissolution of calcium and struvite crystals: in vitro evaluation of biochemical requirements. Urology 2011;78:721&ndash; e13–721.e17; Epub 2011 Jul 13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tiselius HG. Recurrence prevention in patients with urinary tract stone disease. ScientificWorldJournal 2004;4:35–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearle MS, Roehrborn CG, Pak CY. Meta-analysis of randomized trials for medical prevention of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Endourol 1999;13:679–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks J, Coe F. Evidence for durable kidney stone prevention over several decades. BJU Int 2009;103:1238–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randall A. Papillary pathology as a precursor of primary renal calculus. J Urol 1940;44:580.
   Google Scholar
• Sepe V, Adamo G, La Fianza A, Libetta C, Giuliano MG, Soccio G. Henle loop basement membrane as initial site for Randall plaque formation. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;48:706–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiselius HG. A hypothesis of calcium stone formation: an interpretation of stone research during the past decades. Urol Res 2011;39:231–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evan AP, Coe FL, Lingeman JE, Shao Y, Sommer AJ, Bledsoe SB, Mechanism of formation of human calcium oxalate renal stones on Randall's plaque. Anat Rec 2007;290:1315–23.
   Google Scholar
• Evan AP. Physiopathology and etiology of stone formation in the kidney and the urinary tract. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;25:831–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Öhman S, Larsson L. Evidence for Randall's plaques to be the origin of primary renal stones. Med Hypotheses 1992;39:360–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luptak J, Bek-Jensen H, Fornander AM, Hojgaard I, Nilsson MA, Tiselius HG. Crystallization of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate at supersaturation levels corresponding to those in different parts of the nephron. Scanning Microsc 1994;8:47–62.
   Google Scholar
• Tiselius HG, Hojgaard I. Some aspects of the intratubular precipitation of calcium salts. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999;10:S371–5.
   Google Scholar
• Coe FL, Evan AP, Worcester EM, Lingeman JE. Three pathways for human kidney stones formation. Urol Res 2010;38:147–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coe FL, Evan A, Worcester E. Pathophysiology-based treatment of idiopathic calcium kidney stones. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;6:2083–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar C, Byer KJ, Khaskheli H, Khan SR. Apatite induced renal epithelial injury: insight into the pathogenesis of kidney stones. J Urol 2008;180:379–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tiselius HG. Aetiological factors in stone formation. In Davison AM, Cameron JS, Grünfeld J-P, Ritz E, Winearls CG, van Ypersele C, editors. Oxford textbook of clinical nephrology. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. p 1199–223.
   Google Scholar
• Türk C, Knoll T, Petrik A, Sarica K, Straub M, Seitz C. Guidelines on urolithiasis. European Association of Urology Guidelines 2012. www.uroweb.org.
   Google Scholar
• Koo V, Young M, Thompson T, Duggan B. Cost-effectiveness and efficiency of shockwave vs flexible ureteroscopic holmium:yttrium–aluminium–garnet laser lithotripsy in the treatment of lower pole renal calculi. BJU Int 2011;108:1913–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmlund D, Sjödin J-G. Treatment of ureteral colic with indomethacin. J Urol 1978;120:676–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preminger G, Tiselius H-G, Assimos D, Alken P, Buck C, Gallucci M, 2007 Guideline for the management of ureteral calculi. J Urol 2007;178:2418–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seitz C, Liatsikos E, Porpiglia F, Tiselius H-G, Zwergel U. Medical therapy to facilitate the passage of stones: what is the evidence? Eur Urol 2009;56:455–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar