REFERENCES
- Ahmed SR, Brooman PJC, Shalet SM, Howell A, Blacklock NJ, Rickards D. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer with LHRH Analogue ICI 118630: Clinical responses and hormonal mechanisms. The Lancet 1982; ii: 415–415.
- Baran DT, Bergfield MA, Tietelbaum SL, Aviolo LV. Effect of testosterone therapy on bone formation in an osteoporotic hypogonadal male. Calcif Tissue 1978; 26: 401–406.
- Bergman B, Dauber JE, Tomic R. Effects of total and subcapsular orchidectomy on serum concentrations of testosterone and pituitary hormones in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. Urol Int 1982; 37: 139–144.
- Canalis E, McCarthy T, Centrella M. The regulation of bone formation by local growth factors. In: Peck WA, ed. Bone and mineral research 6. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989: 27–55.
- Clarke NW, McClure J, George NJR. Morphometric evidence for bone resorption and replacement in prostate cancer. Br J Urol 1991; 68: 74–80.
- Clarke NW, McClure J, George NJR. Disodium Pamidronate identifies differential osteoclastic bone resorption in metastatic prostate cancer. Br J Urol 1992; 69: 64–70.
- Colvard DS, Eriksen E, Keeting PE, Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, French F, Riggs L Spelsberg TC. Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 854–857.
- Delmas PD, Demiaux B, Malaval L, Chapuy MC, Meunier PJ. Serum bone GLA protein is not a sensitive marker of bone turnover in Pagets' disease of bone. Calcif Tissue Int 1986 38: 60–64.
- Finkelstein J, Klibanski A, Neer R, Greenspan S, Rosenthal D, Crawley W. Osteoporosis in men with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106: 354–361.
- Fleisch HM. Bisphosphonates: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. In: Peck WA, ed. Bone and mineral research 1. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1983: 319–357.
- Frost HM. Histomorphometry of trabecular bone 1. Theoretical correction of appositional rate measurement. In: Meunier PJ, ed. Bone Histomorphometry: 2nd International Workshop. Paris: Armour-Montague 1976; 361–367.
- Galasko CSB. The pathological basis for skeletal scintigraphy. J Bone Joint Surg 1975: 57B: 353–359.
- Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostate cancer 1: The effect of castration, of oestrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res 1941: 293–297.
- Jacobs SC, Pikna, Lawson RK. Prostatic osteoblast factor. Invest Urol 1979: 17: 195–198.
- Jacobs SC. The spread of prostate cancer to bone. Urology 1983: 21: 337–344.
- Kasperk CH, Wergendal J, Farley J, Linkhart T, Turner R, Baylink D. Androgens directly stimulate proliferation of bone cells in vitro. Endocrinology 1989: 124: 1576–1578.
- Koutsilieris M, Rabbani SA, Goltzmann D. Selective osteoblast mitogens can be extracted from prostatic tissue. Prostate 1986: 9: 109–115.
- Koutsilieris M, Rabbani SA, Bennett HP, Goltzman D. Characteristics of prostate derived growth factors for cells of the osteoblast phenotype J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 941–946.
- Mackintosh J, Simes J, Raghavan D, Pearson B. Prostatic cancer with bone metastases: serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) as a predictor of response and the significance of the SAP flare. Br J Urol 1990; 66: 88–93.
- Melsen F, Melsen B, Mosekilde L. An evaluation of the quantitative parameters applied in bone histology. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1978; 86: 63–69.
- Merz WA, Schenk RK. Quantitative structural analysis of human cancellous bone. Acta Anat 1970; 75: 54–66.
- Meunier PJ, Eduard C, Richard D, Laurent J. Histomorphometry of osteoid tissue. In: Meinier PJ, ed. Histomorphometry: 2nd International Workshop. Paris: Armour-Montague, 1976: 249–262.
- Milch RA, Changus GW. The response of bone to tumour invasion. Cancer 1956: 9: 340–354.
- Nordin BEC, Hodgkinson A, Peacock M. The measurement and meaning of urinary calcium. In: Nordin BEC, ed. Calcium, phosphate, magnesium metabolism. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1976: 293–322.
- Papapoulos M, Frolich M, Mudde AH, Hormick H, Bijvoet OLM. Serum osteocalcin in Pagets' disease of bone: Basal concentrations and response to Bisphosphonate treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Met 1986; 65: 89–94.
- Parfitt AM. The cellular basis of bone remodelling. The Quantum concept re-examined in the light of recent advances in the cell biology of bone. Calcif Tissue Int 1984; 36: 537–545.
- Percival RC, Urwin GH, Harris S, Yates AJP, Williams JL, Beneton M, Kanis JA. Biochemical and histological evidence that carcinoma of the prostate is associated with increased bone resorption. Eur J Surg Oncol 1987; 13: 41–49.
- Plasmans CMT, Jap PHK, Kujipers W, Scoof TS. Influence of Diphosphonate on the cellular aspect of young bone tissue. Calc Tissue Int 1980; 32: 247–256.
- Rabbani SA, Desjordins J, Bell AW. Banville D, Mazar A, Henkin J, Goltzman D. An amino terminal fragment of urokinase isolated from a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) is mitogenic for osteoblast-like cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 173: 1058–1064.
- Raisz LG, Kream VE. Regulation of bone formation. N Engl J Med 1983A; 309: 29–35.
- Raisz LG, Kream VE. Regulation of bone formation. N Engl J Med 1983B; 309: 83–89.
- Seeman E, Melton LJ, O'Fallon, Riggs BL. Risk factors for spinal osteoporosis in men. Am J Med 1983; 75: 977–983.
- Simpson E, Harrod J, Eilon G, Jacobs J, Mundy GR. Identification of a messenger Ribonucleic and fraction in human prostatic cancer cells coding for a normal osteoblast-stimulating factor. Endocrinology 1985: 117: 1615–1620.
- Stronski SA, Bettschen-Camin L, Wetterwald A, Felix R, Treschel U, Fleisch H. Bisphosphonates inhibit 1,25 Dihydroxy Vit D3-induced increase of osteocalcin in plasma of rats in vivo and in culture medium of rat calvaria in vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 1988; 42: 248–254.
- Tarle M, Kovacic K, Strelkov-Alpirevic A. Correlation between bone scans and serum levels of osteocalcin, PSA and prostate acid phosphatase in monitoring patients with disseminated cancer of the prostate. T Prostate 1989; 15: 211–219.
- Urwin GH, Percival RC, Harris S, Beneton M, Williams JL, Kanis JA. Generalised increase in bone resorption in carcinoma of the prostate. Br J Urol 1985; 57: 721–723.
- Urwin GH. Effects of prostate cancer on skeletal metabolism. University of Sheffield, MD Thesis: 1989.
- Wray S. The significance of the blood acid and alkaline phosphatase values in cancer of the prostate. J Clin Pathol 1956; 9: 341–346.