28
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Psychoactive Substance Use in Forensic Psychiatry

&
Pages 1-27 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Collins J. J., Hubbard R. L., Rachel J. V. Expensive drug use and illegal income: A test of explanatory hypotheses. Criminology 1985; 23: 743–763
  • Speckart G., Anglin M. Narcotic use and crime: An overview of recent research advances. Contemp. Drug Prob 1986; 13: 741–770
  • Brecher M., Wang W. H., Morgan J. Phencyclidine and violence: Clinical and legal issues. J. Clin. Psychopharm 1988; 8: 307–401
  • Busch K., Schnoll S. Cocaine: Review of current literature and interface with the law. Beh. Sci. Law 1985; 3: 283–298
  • Goldstein P. Drugs and violent crime. Pathways to Criminal Violence, N. Weiner, M. Wolfgang. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA 1989
  • Grande T., Wolf A. W., Schubert B., Patterson M. N., Brocco K. Associations among alcoholism, drug abuse, and antisocial personality: A review of the literature. Psychol. Reports 1984; 55: 455–474
  • U.S. Department of Justice. Report to the Nation on Crime and Justice: The Data. National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Rockville, MD 1983
  • Ball J. C., Rosen L., Flueck J., Nurco D. N. The criminality of heroin addicts: When addicted and when off opiates. The Drug‐Crime Connection, J. A. Inciardi. Sage Annual Reviews of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Beverly Hills, CA 1981; vol. 5
  • Ball J. C., Rosen L., Flueck J., Nurco D. N. The lifetime criminality of heroin addicts in the United States. J. Drug Issues 1982; 12: 225–239
  • Inciardi J. A. The Impact of Drug Use on Street Crime. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society on Criminology. Washington, DC November, 1981
  • Inciardi J. A., Chambers C. D. Unreported criminal involvement of narcotic addicts. J. Drug Issues 1972; 2: 57–64
  • McGlothlin W. H., Anglin M. D., Wilson D. B. Narcotic addiction and crime. Criminology 1978; 16: 293–316
  • Wish E. D., Anderson K., Miller T., Johnson B. D. Drug Use and Abuse in Arrestees: New Findings from a Study of Arrestees in Manhattan. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminal Justice Sciences. Chicago 1984
  • Dembo R., Washburn M. A., Wish E. V., Yeung H., Getreu A., Berry E., Blount W. R. Heavy marijuana use and crime among youths entering a juvenile detention center. J. Psychoactive Drugs 1987; 19: 47–56
  • Bureau of Justice Statistics. Criminal Victimization. U.S. Department of Justice. 1988
  • Guze S. B., Wolfgram E. D., McKinney J. K., Cantwell D. P. Delinquency, social maladjustment and crime: The role of alcoholism (A study of first‐degree relatives of convicted criminals). Dis. Nerv. System 1968; 29: 238–243
  • Hood I., Ryan D., Manford J., Valentour J. Cocaine in Wayne County medical examiner's cases. J. Forensic Sciences 1990; 35: 591–600
  • Lightfoot L. O., Hodgins D. A survey of alcohol and drug problems in incarcerated offenders. Int. J. Addict 1988; 23: 688–706
  • Toborg M. Preliminary Findings on the D.C. Urine Testing Experiment. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology. Cincinnati 1984
  • Innes C. Special Report: Drug Use and Crime. United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC 1988
  • Yarvis R. M. Patterns of substance abuse and intoxication among murderers. Bull. Am. Acad. Psych. Law 1994; 22: 133–144
  • Nurco D. N., Ball J. C., Schaffer J. W., Hanlon T. E. The criminality of narcotic addicts. J. Ner. and Ment. Dis 1985; 173(2)94–102
  • Ball J. C., Schaffer J. W., Nurco D. N. The day‐to‐day criminality of heroin addicts in Baltimore—A study in the continuity of offense rates. Drug Alcohol Dep 1983; 12: 119–142
  • Schaffer J. W., Nurco D. N., Kinlock T. W. A new classification of narcotic addicts based on type and extent of criminal activity. Comp. Psych 1984; 25: 315–328
  • Chaiken J. M., Chaiken M. R. Varieties of Criminal Behavior. Summary and Policy Implications. Rand, Santa Monica, CA 1982
  • Nurco D. N., DuPont R. L. A preliminary report on crime and addiction within a community‐wide population of narcotic addicts. Drug Alcohol Dependence 1977; 2: 109–121
  • Hammersley R., Forsyth A., Morrison V., Davies A. B. The relationship between crime and opium use. Brit. J. Addict 1984; 84: 1029–1043
  • Compulsory Treatment of Drug Abuse: Research and Clinical Practice, C. G. Leukefeld, F. M. Tims. NIDA Research Monograph, Rockville, MD 1988
  • Ross H. E., Glaser F. B., Germanson T. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with alcohol and drug problems. Arch. Gen. Psychiat 1988; 45: 1023–1031
  • Donovan J. A. An etiological model of alcoholism. Am. J. Psychiatry 1986; 143(1)1–11
  • Johnson B. D., Goldstein P. J., Preble E., Schneidler J., Lipton D. S., Spunt B. Taking Care of Business: The Economics of Crime by Heroin Abusers. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA 1985
  • Bushman B. J., Cooper H. M. Effects of alcohol on human aggression: An integrative research review. Psychological Bulletin 1990; 107: 341–349
  • Jaffe J. H., Babor T. F., Fishbein D. H. Alcoholics, agresssion and antisocial personality. J. Stud. Alcohol 1988; 49: 211–218
  • Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook, J. H. Lowinson, P. Ruiz, R. B. Millman. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD 1992
  • Tardiff K. The current state of psychiatry in the treatment of violent patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiat 1992; 49: 493–499
  • Collins J. J., Jr. Alcohol use criminal behavior: An empirical theoretical and methodological overview. Drinking and Crime, J. J. Collins. Guilford Press, New York 1981; 288–316
  • Cappell H., LeBlanc A. E., Rosenberg M. Alcohol, drugs, and assaultive crime: Pharmacological consideration. Clinical Criminology: The Assessment and Treatment of Criminal Behaviour, M. H. Ben‐Aron, S. J. Hucker, C. D. Webster. 7M Graphics Ltd., Toronto 1985; 1431–1456
  • Pernanen K. Theoretical aspects of the relationship between alcohol use and crime. Drinking and Crime, J. J. Collin. Guilford Press, New York 1981; 1–61
  • McDonald G., Buigott J. Impact of the Beverage Alcohol on the Criminal Justice System, A Pilot Study. Secretary of Justice, Toronto 1977
  • Gerson L. W. Alcohol related acts of violence: Who was drinking and where the acts occurred. J. Stud. Alcohol 1978; 39: 1294–1296
  • Pernanen K. Alcohol and crimes of violence. The Biology of Alcoholism: Social Aspects of Alcoholism, B. Kissen, H. Begleiter. Plenum, New York 1976; vol. 4: 351–444
  • Grayford J. J. Wife battering. A preliminary study of 100 cases. Br. Med. J 1975; 1: 194–197
  • Gondolf E. W., Foster R. A. Wife assault among VA alcohol rehabilitation patients. Hosp, and Comm. Psychiatry 1991; 42: 74–79
  • Rosenbaum A., O'Leary K. D. Marital violence: Characteristics of abusive couples. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol 1981; 49: 63–71
  • Bradford J. M. W. Arson: A clinical study. Can. J. Psychol 1982; 27: 188–193
  • Koson D. F., Dvoskin J. Arson: A diagnostic study. Bull. Am. Acad. Psych. and the Law 1982; 10: 39–49
  • Lindenbaum G. A., Carroll S. F., Daskal I., et al. Patterns of alcohol and drug abuse in an urban trauma center: The increasing role of cocaine abuse. J. Trauma 1989; 29: 1654–1658
  • Polich J. M., Armor D. J., Braiker B. The Course of Alcoholism Four Years After Treatment. Wiley, New York 1981
  • Armor D. J., Polich J. M., Stambul H. B. Alcoholism and Treatment. Wiley, New York 1978
  • Hubbard R. I., Marsden M. E., Rachal J. V., Harwood H. J., Cavanaugh E. R., Ginzburg H. M. Drug Abuse Treatment: A National Study of Effectiveness. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill 1989
  • Treating Drug Problems, D. R. Gerstein, J. H. Harwood. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1990
  • Broadening the Base of Treatment for Alcohol Problems. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC 1990, Committee for the Study and Treatment and Rehabilitation Services for Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
  • Anglin M. D., Hser Y. Treatment of drug abuse. Drugs and Crime, M. Tonry, J. Q. Wilson. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1990; 393–460
  • Sisk J. E., Hatziandren E. J., Hughes R. The Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Treatment: Implication for Controlling AIDS/HIV Infection. Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC 1990, Hubbard R. L., Desjarlais D. C. Alcohol and drug abuse. in Oxford Textbook of Public Health 2nd ed., vol. 3 Holland, E. E., Petels R., and Knox G., Oxford University Press, London, 1991
  • Hubbard R. L., Collins J. J., Rachal J. V., Cavanaugh E. R. The criminal justice client in drug abuse treatment. Compulsory Treatment of Drug Abuse: Research and Clinical Practice. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 88–1578, research monograph series 86, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1988; 57–80
  • Collins J. J., Hubbard R. L., Rachal J. V., Cavanaugh E. R. Effects of legal coercion on drug treatment. Compulsory Treatment of Opiate Dependence, M. D. Anglin. Haworth Press, New York 1988
  • Brooks M. K. Ethical and legal aspects of confidentiality. Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook, H. J. Lowinson, P. Ruiz, R. B. Millman. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1992
  • Bureau of Justice Statistics. United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC 1984, Report to the Nation on Drugs and Crime
  • Adler P. Wheeling and Dealing. Columbia Press, New York 1985
  • Chaiken M., Johnson B. Characteristics of Different Types of Drug Involved Offenders. Issues and Practices. National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC 1988
  • Anglin D., Speckarrt G. Narcotic use, property crime and dealing: Structural dynamics across the addiction career. J. Quant. Crimin 1986; 2(4)355–375
  • National Instiute of Justice. Research in Action: Drug Use Forecasting. United States Department of Justice Programs, Washington, DC January, 1988
  • Kay S. R., Kalathara M., Meinzer A. E. Diagnosis and behavioral characteristics of psychiatric patients who abuse substances. Hosp. and Comm. Psych 1989; 40: 1062–1064
  • Current Approaches to the Prediction of Violence, D. A. Brizer, M. L. Crowner. Americian Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 1989
  • Broomer R. K., Schmidt C. W., Felch L. J., Bigelow G. E. Antisocial behavior of intravenous drug abusers: Implications for diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 1992; 149: 482–487
  • Virkkunen M. Alcoholism and antisocial personality. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1979; 59: 493–501
  • Gerstley L. J., Alterman A. I., McLellan A. T., Woody G. E. Antisocial personality disorder in patients with substance abuse disorders: A problematic diagnosis?. Am. J. Psychiatry 1990; 147: 173–178
  • Alterman A. I., Cacciola J. S. The antisocial personality disorder diagnosis in substance abusers: Problems and issues. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis 1991; 170(7)401–409
  • Woody G., McLellan A. T., Luborsky L., O'Brien C. P. Sociopathy and psychotherapy outcome. Arch. Gen. Psych 1985; 42: 1081–1086
  • Rounsaville B., Eyre S., Weissman M., . The antisocial opiate addict. Psychological Constructs: Alcoholism and Substance Abuse, B. Stimmeo, et al. Haworth Press, New York 1983
  • Hewitt B. B., Martin W. R. Psychometric comparisons of sociopathic and psychopathological behaviors of alcoholics and drug abusers versus a low drug control population. Int. J. Addict 1980; 15: 77–105
  • Hesselbrock V., Meyer R., Keener J. Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1985; 42: 1051–1055
  • Guze S. B., Goodwin D. W., Crane J. B. Criminality and psychiatric disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1969; 20: 583–591
  • Winokur G., Rimmer J., Reich T. Alcoholism IV: Is there more than one type of alcoholism?. Brit. J. Psychiatry 1971; 118: 525–531
  • Schuckitt M. Alcoholism and sociopathy—Diagnosis confusion. Quart. J. Stud. Alcohol 1973; 34: 157–164
  • Petrich J. Rate of psychiatric morbidity in a metropolitan county jail population. Am. J. Psychiatry 1976; 133: 1439–1444
  • Piotrowski K. W., Losacco D., Guze S. B. Psychiatric disorders and crime: A study of pretrial psychiatric examinations. Dis. Nerv. Sys 1976; 37: 309–311
  • Cadoret R. J., Troughton B. A., O'Gorman T. W. Genetic and environmental factors in alcohol abuse and antisocial personality. J. Stud. Alcohol 1987; 48: 1–8
  • Cadoret R., O'Gorman T. W., Troughton E., Haywood E. Alcoholism and antisocial personality: Interrelationships, genetic and environmental factors. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1985; 42: 161–167
  • Bohman M., Sigvardsson S., Cloninger C. R. Maternal inheritance of alcohol abuse: Cross‐fostering analysis of adopted women. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1981; 38: 965–969
  • Cloninger C. R., Bohman M., Sigvardsson S. Inheritance of alcohol abuse: Cross‐fostering analysis of adopted men. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1981; 38: 861–868
  • Crowe R. R. An adoption study of antisocial personality. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1974; 31: 785–791
  • Lewis C., Rice J., Heltzer J. Diagnostic interactions: Alcoholism and antisocial personality. J. Nerv. Men. Dis 1983; 171: 105–113
  • Lewis C. E., Robins L. N., Rice J. R. Association of alcoholism with antisocial personality in urban men. J. Nerv. Men. Dis 1985; 173: 166–174
  • Valliant G. E. The Natural History of Alcoholism. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1983
  • Cloninger C. R., Christiansen K. O., Reich T., Gottesman I. I. Implications of sex differences in the prevalences of antisocial personality, alcoholism and criminality for familial transmission. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1978; 35: 941–951
  • Alterman A., Tarter R. An examination of selected typologies: Hyperactivity, familial and antisocial alcoholism. Recent Developments in Alcoholism, M. Galanter. Plenum, New York 1986; vol. 4
  • Castaneda R., Lifshutz H., Galanter M., Franco H. Age at onset of alcoholism as a predictor of homelessness and drinking severity. J. Addict. Dis 1993; 12(1)65–77
  • Irwin M., Schuckit M., Smith T. L. Clinical importance of age at onset in type 1 and type 2 primary alcoholics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1990; 47: 420–424
  • von Knorring L., Palm U., Anderson H. Relationship between treatment outcome and subtype of alcoholism in men. J. Stud. Alcohol 1985; 46: 388–391
  • Buydens‐Branchey L., Branchey M. H., Noumair D. Age of alcoholism onset: 1. Relationship to psychopathology. Arch. Gen. Psych 1989; 46: 225–230
  • Berglund M., Tunving K. Assaultive alcoholics 20 years later. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1985; 71: 141–147
  • Blackburn R. Personality in relation to extreme aggression in psychiatric offenders. Brit. J. Psychiatry 1968; 114: 821–828
  • Tupin J. P., Mahar D., Smith D. Two types of violent offenders with psycho‐social descriptors. Dis. Nerv. Sys 1973; 34: 356–363
  • Helzer J. E., Pryzbeck T. R. The co‐occurrence of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders in the general population and its impact on treatment. J. Stud. Alcohol 1988; 49(3)219–224
  • Pinta E. R. Alcoholism and responsibility. Am. J. Psychiatry 1989; 146: 125
  • Powell v. Texas. 392 U.S. 514, 1968
  • Robinson v. California. 370 U.S. 660, 1962
  • State v. Shank and State v. Rose: reviewed in N.C. Law Rev. 67, 1293–1315, 1989
  • Watterson R. T. Just say no to the charges against you: Alcohol intoxication, mental capacity and criminal responsibility. Bull. Am. Acad. Psych. Law 1991; 19: 277–290
  • Boettcher M. Voluntary intoxication: A defense to specific intent crime. Univ. Del. Law Rev 1987; 65: 33–71
  • Grand F. Alcohol abuser and the law. Harvard Law Rev 1981; 94: 1660–1712
  • North Carolina v. Jewell. 409 SC 2d 754, 1991, NC Ct App
  • 1983, Demouchette v. State 502 SW 2d 712 Tx Ct App
  • U.S. v. Lyons. 731 F 2d 243, 1984
  • People v. Free. 94 Ill 2d 378, 1983
  • South Carolina v. Hartfield. 388 SE 2nd 802 SC Sup Ct, 1990
  • United States v. Knott. 894 F 2d 1119 9th Cir, 1990
  • Arizona v. Kiles. 857 P.2d 1212 Ariz Sup Ct, 1993
  • Penn v. Henry. 569 A 2d 929 Pa Sup Ct, 1990
  • United States v. Newman F. 2d 88 6th Cir Ct, 1989
  • Colorado v. Connelly. 479 U.S. 157, 1986
  • Budd R. D. Cocaine abuse and violent death. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1989; 15: 375–382
  • O'Connor v. Donaldson. 422 U.S. 563, 1979
  • Humphrey v. Cady. 409 U.S. 504, 1971
  • Addington v. Texas. 441 U.S. 418, 1979
  • Gostin L. O. Compulsory treatment for drug dependent persons: Justification for a public health approach for drug dependency. Milbank Quarterly 1991; 69: 561–593
  • Rosenthal M. P. The constitutionality of involuntary civil commitment of opiate addicts. J. Drug Issues 1988; 18: 64–66
  • McKinney's Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated: A Mental Hygiene Law. West Publishing Company, Minnesota 1988, Book 34, 228
  • Beane E. A., Beck J. C. Court based civil commitment of alcoholics and substance abusers. Bull. Am. Acad. Psych. Law 1991; 19: 359–366
  • Dudley v. Texas. 730 SW 2d 51 Tx Ct App, 1987
  • Williams J. G., Hall J. C., Broke‐O'Hara M. Treatment effects of separate commitment laws for mental illness and chemical dependence. Hosp. Comm. Psych 1991; 42: 420–422
  • Adelman S. A., Weiss R. D. What is therapeutic about inpatient alcoholic treatment. Hosp. Comm. Psych 1989; 40: 515–519
  • Kofoed L. Treatment of the alcoholic offenders. Hosp. Comm. Psych 1988; 39: 154–156
  • Tarasoff v. Regent of the University of California. 17 Cal 3d 425, 1976
  • Felthous A. R. The duty to protect. Principle and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry, R. Rosner. Chapman and Hall, New York and London 1994
  • American Psychiatric Association. Model statute on the physician's duty to take precautions against patient violence. Developed by the Council on Psychiatry & Law, approved by the Board of Trustees, June 1987, Washington DC. Am J. Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1522–1526
  • Petersen v. Washington. 100 Wash 2d 421, 1983
  • Applebaum P. J. The new preventing detention: Psychiatry's problematic responsibility for the control of violence. Am. J. Psychiatry 1988; 145: 779–785
  • Confidentiality of alcohol and drug abuse patients' records. 1987, Public Health Services, H.H.S. Part 2, 42 CFR Section 2.1–2.7
  • American Psychiatric Association. The Principle of Medical Ethics with Annotation Especially Applicable to Psychiatry. Washington, DC 1984
  • Pettis R. W., Gutheil T. E. Misapplication of the Tarasoff duty to driving cases: A call for reframing of theory. Bull. Am. Acad. Psychiatry and the Law 1993; 21: 263–275
  • Boynton v. Burglass. 590 So 2d 444, 1991
  • Santa Cruz v. Northwest. 590 SO 2d 444, 1991, Dade County Community Health Center
  • Slovenko R. Littleton v. Good Samaritan Hospital: Standard of care in assessing danger and in discharging the duty to protect. Am. Acad. Psych, and the Law Newsletter, 14: 43–45
  • Rollins v. Petersen. 813 P 2d 1158, 1991, Utah Sup Ct
  • Smith v. Fishkill Health Related Center. 572 NY 2d 762, 1991
  • Henrickson v. Rollman Psychiatric Inc. 573 N.E> 2d 1238, 1989
  • Traynor v. Turnage & McKelvey v. Turnage. 485 U.S. 539, 1988
  • Whitlock v. Donovan. 598 F Supp 126 DDC, 1984
  • Crewe v. U.S. Office of Personnel Management. 834 F 2d 140 8th Cir, 1987
  • Parry J. W. Mental disabilities under the ADA: A difficult path to follow. Ment. Phys. Dis. Law Rept, 10: 100–112
  • Treadwell v. Alexander. 707 F 2d 473 11th Cir Ct, 1983
  • Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority v. Ohio Civil Rights Commission. 567 N.E. 2d 1325 Ohio Ct App, 1989
  • Callicotte v. Carlucci. 698 F Supp 944 DDC, 1988
  • Rodgers v. Lehman. 869 F 2d 253 4th Cir Ct, 1989
  • 38 CFR S 301 (c) (2), 1987
  • Phillip C. C., Esty E. H. Am. Acad. Psych, and the Law Newsletter 1988; 1: 13, Traynor v. Turnage & McKelvey v. Turnage
  • Schottenfeld R. S. Drug and alcohol testing in the workplace: Objective, pitfalls and guideline. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1989; 15: 413–427
  • Annas J. Crack, symbolism and the Constitution. Hastings Center Report 1989; 19(3)35–37
  • Parry J. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Ment. Phys. Dis. Law Rept 1990; 14: 292–298
  • Taub v. Frank. 957 F 2d 8 1st Cir, 1992
  • Michigan v. Sitz. 493 U.S. 806, 1990
  • Pennsylvania v. Muniz. 110 S Ct 2638, 1990
  • U.S. v. Sokolow. 109 S Ct 1981, 1989
  • Finlay v. Finlay. 148 NE 624 NY, 1925
  • Meyer v. Nebraska. 262 U.S. 390, 1923
  • Parham v. JR. 442 U.S. 584, 1971
  • Hodgson v. Minnesota. 110 S Ct 2926, 1990
  • Prince v. Massachusetts. 321 U.S. 158, 1944
  • Smith v. Offer. 431 U.S. 618, 1977
  • More v. City of East Cleveland. 431 U.S. 494, 1977
  • Michael H. v. Gerald D. 491 U.S. 110, 1989
  • Wisconsin v. Yoder. 406 U.S. 205, 1972
  • Santosky v. Kramer. 455 U.S. 745, 1982
  • Fialkon M. J. Fostering permanency of children in and out of homecare: Psychological aspects. Bull. Am. Acad. Psych. Law 1988; 16: 343–357
  • In re Michael C. 2 Cal RPTR 2d 869 Cal Ct App, 1992
  • In re M.K. 466 NW 2d 177 SD Sup Ct, 1991
  • Langelier P., Nurcombe B. Residual parental rights, legal trends and controversies. J. Am. Acad. Child Psych 1985; 24: 793–796
  • Elijah, R. 620 A 2d 282 ME Sup Jud Ct, 1993
  • T.C. 489 NW 2d 53 Iowa Ct App, 1992
  • K.G. v. Oklahoma. 806 P 2d 636 Okla Sup Ct, 1991
  • Steinhausen H. C., Gobel D., Nat R., Nestler V. Offspring of alcoholic parents. J. Am. Acad. Child Psych 1984; 23: 469–471

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.