Patient-centred attitudes among medical students: Gender and work experience in health care make a difference

References

• Anvik T, Grimstad H, Baerheim A, Fasmer Bernt, Gude O, Hjortdahl T, Holen P, Risberg A, Vaglum TP. Medical students’ cognitive and affective attitudes towards learning and using communication skills – A nationwide cross-sectional study. Med Teach 2008; 30(3)272–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspegren K. BEME Guide No. 2: Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine – A review with quality grading of articles. Med Teach 1999; 21(6)563–570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balint E. The possibilities of patient-centred medicine. J R Coll Gen Pract 1969; 17: 269–276
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bell SK, Krupat E, Fazio SB, Roberts DH, Schwartzstein RM. Longitudinal pedagogy: A successful response to the fragmentation of the third-year medical student clerkship experience. Acad Med 2008; 83: 467–475
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bensing J. Bridging the gap. The separate worlds of evidence-based medicine and patient-centred medicine. Patient Educ Couns 2000; 39(1)17–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggs JB. Teaching for quality learning at university. What the student does, 2nd. Open University Press, Buckingham 2003
   Google Scholar
• Byrne PS, Long BEL. Doctors talking to patients: A study of the verbal behaviour of general practitioners consulting in their surgeries. Royal College of General Practitioners, Exeter 1976
   Google Scholar
• Cleland J, Foster K, Moffat M. Undergraduate students' attitudes to communication skills learning differ depending on year of study and gender. Med Teach 2005; 27(3)246–251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colliver JA, Swartz MH, Robbs RS, Cohen DS. Relationship between clinical competence and interpersonal and communication skills in standardized-patient assessment. Acad Med 1999; 74(3)271–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushing A. Assessment of non-cognitive factors. International handbook of research in medical education, GR Norman, CPM Van der Vleuten, DI Newble. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 2002; 711–756
   Google Scholar
• Deveugele M, Derese A, De Maesschalck S, Willems S, Van Driel M, De Maeseneer J. Teaching communication skills to medical students, a challenge in the curriculum?. Patient Educ Couns 2005; 58: 265–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donelly WJ. Viewpoint: Patient-centered medical care requires a patient-centered medical record. Acad Med 2005; 80(1)33–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• General Medical Council. 2009. Medical Students: Professional Values and Fitness to Practise. Available at: http://www.gmc-uk.org/education/undergraduate/professional_behaviour.asp Accessed 24 February 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Gude T, Baerheim A, Holen A, Anvik T, Finset A, Grimstad H, Hjortdahl P, Risberg T, Vaglum P. Comparing self-reported communication skills of medical students in traditional and integrated curricula: A nationwide study. Patient Educ Couns 2005; 58(3)271–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hafferty, FW. Beyond curriculum reform: Confronting medicine's hidden curriculum. Acad Med. 1998; 73(4)403–407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidet P, Dains JE, Paterniti DA, Hechtel L, Chang T, Tseng E, Rogers JC. Medical student attitudes toward the doctor-patient relationship. Med Educ 2002; 36(6)568–574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellquist G, Rödjer S, Von Below B, Sveinsdottir G, Björkelund C. Tidig yrkeskontakt stärker läkarstudentens professionella utveckling. TYK-en ny kurs i Göteborgs läkarutbildning. [Early professional contact supports professional development of medical students. EPC: A new course in Gothenburg medical education]. English summary. Läkartidningen 2005; 102(38)2646–2651
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirsh DA, Ogur B, Thibault GE, Cox M. ‘Continuity’ as an organizing principle for clinical education reform. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(8)858–866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, Brainard G, Herrine SK, Isenberg GA, Veloski J, Gonnella JS. The devil is in the third year: A longitudinal study of the erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad Med 2009; 84(9)1182–1191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hook KM, Pfeiffer CA. Impact of a new curriculum on medical students' interpersonal and interviewing skills. Med Educ 2007; 41(2)154–159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe A. Patient-centred medicine through student-centred teaching: A student perspective on the key impacts of community-based learning in undergraduate medical education. Med Educ 2001; 35(7)666–672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan RM. Behaviour as the central outcome of health care. Am Psychol 1990; 45: 1211–1220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupat E, Hiam CM, Fleming MZ, Freeman P. Patient-centeredness and its correlates among first year medical students. Int J Psychiatry Med 1999; 29(3)347–356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupat E, Rosenkranz SL, Yeager CM, Barnard K, Putnam SM, Inui TS. The practice orientations of physicians and patients: The effect of doctor-patient congruence on satisfaction. Patient Educ Couns 2000; 39(1)49–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenstein JH, McCracken EC, McWhinney IR, Stewart MA, Brown JB. The patient-centred clinical method. 1. A model for the doctor-patient interaction in family medicine. Fam Pract 1986; 3(1)24–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levinson W, Roter D. Physicians’ psychosocial beliefs correlate with their patient communication skills. J Gen Intern Med 1995; 10(7)375–379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumsden MA, Bore M, Millar K, Jack R, Powls D. Assessment of personal qualities in relation to admission to medical school. Med Educ 2005; 39(3)258–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makoul G. Essential elements of communication in medical encounters: The Kalamazoo consensus statement. Acad Med 2001; 76(4)390–393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead N, Bower P. Patient-centredness: A conceptual framework and review of the empirical literature. Soc Sci Med 2002b; 51(7)1087–1100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller GE. The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance. Acad Med 1990; 65(Suppl 9)S63–S67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Statistics in Sweden. 2007. Registrerade studenter på program för yrkesexamen 2005/2007 fördelade på område, program, verkställande högskola, kön och ålder. Stockholm: Statistiska centralbyrån.
   Google Scholar
• Park J, Philipp R, Hughes A. Do we value work experience before medical school?. Br J Gen Pract 2005; 55(512)242–243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer C, Madray H, Ardolino A, Wilms J. The rise and fall of student's skill in obtaining a medical history. Med Educ 1998; 32(3)283–288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price J, Price D, Williams G, Hoffenburg R. Changes in medical student attitudes as they progress through a medical course. J Med Ethics 1998; 24(2)110–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro MM, Krupat E, Amaral CF. Brazilian medical students' attitudes towards patient-centered care. Med Teach 2007; 29: e204–e208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roter D. The enduring and evolving nature of the patient-physician relationship. Patient Educ Couns 2000; 39(1)5–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roter DL, Aoki Hall J, Y. Physician gender effects in medical communication: A meta-analytic review. JAMA 2002; 288(6)756–764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin P, Franchi-Christopher D. New edition of Tomorrow's Doctors. Med Teach 2002; 24(4)368–369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar PR, Dubey AK, Subish, P, Deshpande, VY. Student attitudes toward the doctor-patient relationship in western Nepal. Med Teach 2006; 28(2)199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson M, Buckman R, Stewart M. Doctor–patient communication: The Toronto consensus document. BMJ 1991; 303(6814)1385–1387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart M, Brown JB, Donner A, McWhinney IR, Oates J, Weston WW, Jordan J. The impact of patient-centred care on outcomes. J Fam Pract 2000; 49(9)805–807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensk Författningssamling. 1998. Lag om yrkesverksamhet på hälso- och sjukvårdens område. 1998:531 [Act concerning professions and personnel in health care]. Stockholm: Sveriges Riksdag.
   Google Scholar
• Tiberius RG, Sinai J, Flak EA. The role of teacher-learner relationships in medical education. International Handbook of Research in Medical Education, GR Norman, CPM Van der Vleuten, DI Newble. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 2002; 463–497
   Google Scholar
• Tsimtsiou Z, Kerasidou O, Efstathiou N, Papaharitou S, Hatzimouratidis K, Hatzichristou D. Medical students attitudes toward patient-centred care: A longitudinal survey. Med Educ 2007; 41(2)146–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlqvist M, 2007. Medical Students’ Learning of the Consultation and the Patient-Doctor Relationship. [Internet] [thesis]. Gothenburg: The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. Available at: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/dspace/handle/2077/3762. Accessed 24 February 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Wahlqvist M, Mattsson B, Dahlgren G, Hartwig-Ericsson M, Henriques B, Hamark B, Hosterey-Ugander U. Instrumental strategy: A stage in students' consultation skills training? Observations and reflections on students' communication in general practice consultations. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2005; 23(3)164–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar