The Ventriloscope® as an innovative tool for assessing clinical examination skills: Appraisal of a novel method of simulating auscultatory findings

References

• Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical research. Chapman and Hall, London 1991; 256
   Google Scholar
• Black SA, Nestel DF, Horrocks EJ, Harrison RH, Jones N, Wetzel CM, Wolfe JH, Kneebone RL, Darzi AW. Evaluation of a framework for case development and simulated patient training for complex procedures. Simul Healthc 2006; 1(2)66–71, Available from: PM:19088579
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castilano A, Haller N, Goliath C, Lecat P. The ventriloscope: ‘Am I hearing things?'. Med Teach 2009; 31(3)e97–e101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cline DM. Valvular emergencies. Emergency medicine: A comprehensive study guide, 6th, JE Tintinalli, GD Kelen, JS Stapczynski. McGraw-Hill, New York 2004; 54
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992; 112(1)155–159, Available from: PM:19565683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cresswell JW. Qualitative inquiry and research design. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA 1998; 47–72
   Google Scholar
• Dauphinee WD. Assessing clinical performance. Where do we stand and what might we expect? JAMA 1995; 274(9)741–743, Available from: PM:7650829
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health. 2009. 150 years of the annual report of the chief medical officer: On the state of public health 2008. 2009. Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/dr_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_096231.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dillon GF, Boulet JR, Hawkins RE, Swanson DB. Simulations in the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). Qual Saf Health Care 2004; 13(Suppl 1)i41–i45, Available from: PM:15465954
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon MS, Ewy GA, DeLeon AC, Jr, Waugh RA, Felner JM, Forker AD, Gessner IH, Mayer JW, Patterson D. “Harvey,” the cardiology patient simulator: Pilot studies on teaching effectiveness. Am J Cardiol 1980a; 45(4)791–796, Available from: PM:7361670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon MS, Ewy GA, Felner JM, Forker AD, Gessner I, McGuire C, Mayer JW, Patterson D, Sajid A, Waugh RA. Teaching bedside cardiologic examination skills using “Harvey”, the cardiology patient simulator. Med Clin North Am 1980b; 64(2)305–313, Available from: PM:6155573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harden RM, Gleeson FA. Assessment of clinical competence using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Med Educ 1979; 13(1)41–54, Available from: PM:763183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatala R, Issenberg SB, Kassen B, Cole G, Bacchus CM, Scalese RJ. Assessing cardiac physical examination skills using simulation technology and real patients: A comparison study. Med Educ 2008; 42(6)628–636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatala R, Kassen BO, Nishikawa J, Cole G, Issenberg SB. Incorporating simulation technology in a canadian internal medicine specialty examination: A descriptive report. Acad Med 2005; 80(6)554–556, Available from: PM:15917358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houck WA, Soares-Welch CV, Montori VM, Li JT. Learning the thyroid examination – A multimodality intervention for internal medicine residents. Teach Learn Med 2002; 14(1)24–28, Available from: PM:11865745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Gordon DL, Symes S, Petrusa ER, Hart IR, Harden RM. Effectiveness of a cardiology review course for internal medicine residents using simulation technology and deliberate practice. Teach Learn Med 2002; 14(4)223–228, Available from: PM:12395483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Hart IR, Mayer JW, Felner JM, Petrusa ER, Waugh RA, Brown DD, Safford RR, Gessner IH, et al. Simulation technology for health care professional skills training and assessment. JAMA 1999; 282(9)861–866, Available from: PM:10478693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Petrusa ER, Lee GD, Scalese RJ. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: A BEME systematic review. Med Teach 2005; 27(1)10–28, Available from: PM:16147767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneebone R. Perspective: Simulation and transformational change: The paradox of expertise. Acad Med 2009; 84(7)954–957, Available from: PM:19550196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneebone R, Kidd J, Nestel D, Asvall S, Paraskeva P, Darzi A. An innovative model for teaching and learning clinical procedures. Med Educ 2002; 36(7)628–634, Available from: PM:12109984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneebone R, Nestel D, Wetzel C, Black S, Jacklin R, Aggarwal R, Yadollahi F, Wolfe J, Vincent C, Darzi A. The human face of simulation: Patient-focused simulation training. Acad Med 2006; 81(10)919–924, Available from: PM:16985358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneebone RL, Kidd J, Nestel D, Barnet A, Lo B, King R, Yang GZ, Brown R. Blurring the boundaries: Scenario-based simulation in a clinical setting. Med Educ 2005; 39(6)580–587, Available from: PM:15910434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecat P, Lecat's Ventriloscope website http://www.ventriloscope.com/. 13-2-2010
   Google Scholar
• Lieberman SA, Frye AW, Litwins SD, Rasmusson KA, Boulet JR. Introduction of patient video clips into computer-based testing: Effects on item statistics and reliability estimates. Acad Med 2003; 78(Suppl 10)S48–S51, Available from: PM:14557094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangione S, Nieman LZ. Cardiac auscultatory skills of internal medicine and family practice trainees. A comparison of diagnostic proficiency. JAMA 1997; 278(9)717–722, Available from: PM:9286830
   Google Scholar
• McGaghie WC, Issenberg SB, Petrusa ER, Scalese RJ. A critical review of simulation-based medical education research: 2003–2009. Med Educ 2010; 44(1)50–63, Available from: PM:20078756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millos RT, Gordon DL, Issenberg SB, Reynolds PS, Lewis SL, McGaghie WC, Petrusa ER. Development of a reliable multimedia, computer-based measure of clinical skills in bedside neurology. Acad Med 2003; 78(Suppl 10)S52–S54, Available from: PM:14557095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan PJ, Cleave-Hogg D. A worldwide survey of the use of simulation in anesthesia. Can J Anaesth 2002; 49(7)659–662, Available from: PM:12193481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newble DI, Swanson DB. Psychometric characteristics of the objective structured clinical examination. Med Educ 1988; 22(4)325–334, Available from: PM:3173161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozuah PO, Curtis J, Dinkevich E. Physical examination skills of US and international medical graduates. JAMA 2001; 286(9)1021, Aavailable from: PM:11559281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peitzman SJ, McKinley D, Curtis M, Burdick W, Whelan G. Performance of international medical graduates in techniques of physical examination, with a comparison of US Citizens and non-US citizens. Acad Med 2000; 75(Suppl 10)S115–S117, Available from: PM:11031193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss AL, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA 1990
   Google Scholar
• Weller JM. Simulation in undergraduate medical education: Bridging the gap between theory and practice. Med Educ 2004; 38(1)32–38, Available from: PM:14962024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar