References
- Akaike H 1974. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 19:716–723.
- Allen RH, Bartz D, Grimes DA, Hubacher D, O’Brien P. 2009a. Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3):CD007373.
- Allen RH, Goldberg AB, Grimes DA. 2009b. Expanding access to intrauterine contraception. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 201:456.e1–e5.
- Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ. 2001. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Academic Emergency Medicine 8: 1153–1157.
- Brockmeyer A, Kishen M, Webb A. 2008. Experience of IUD/IUS insertions and clinical performance in nulliparous women – a pilot study. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 13:248–254.
- Chi IC, Galich LF, Tauber PF, Wilkens LR, Waszak CS, Siemens AJ et al. 1986. Severe pain at interval IUD insertion: a case-control analysis of patient risk factors. Contraception 34:483–495.
- Chi IC, Wilkens LR, Champion CB, Machemer RE, Rivera R. 1989. Insertional pain and other IUD insertion-related rare events for breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women: a decade's experience in developing countries. Advances in Contraception 5:101–119.
- Gallagher EJ, Bijur PE, Latimer C, Silver W. 2002. Reliability and validity of a visual analog scale for acute abdominal pain in the ED. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 20:287–290.
- Gallagher EJ, Liebman M, Bijur PE. 2001. Prospective validation of clinically important changes in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale. Annals of Emergency Medicine 38:633–638.
- Goldstuck ND. 1987. Pain reduction during and after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device. Advances in Contraception 3:25–36.
- Hubacher D, Reyes V, Lillo S, Zepeda A, Chen PL, Croxatto H. 2006. Pain from copper intrauterine device insertion: randomized trial of prophylactic ibuprofen. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195:1272–1277.
- Jensen MP, Miller L, Fisher LD. 1998. Assessment of pain during medical procedures: a comparison of three scales. Clinical Journal of Pain 14: 343–349.
- Kendrick DB, Strout TD. 2005. The minimum clinically significant difference in patient-assigned numeric scores for pain. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 23:828–832.
- Maguire K, Davis A, Rosario Tejeda L, Westhoff C. 2012. Intracervical lidocaine gel for intrauterine device insertion: a randomized controlled trial. Contraception 86:214–219.
- McNicholas CP, Madden T, Zhao Q, Secura G, Allsworth JE, Peipert JF. 2012. Cervical lidocaine for IUD insertional pain: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 207:384.e1–e6.
- Mishell DR Jr. 1998. Intrauterine devices: mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy. Contraception 58:45S–53S.
- Peipert JF, Madden T, Allsworth JE, Secura GM. 2012a. Preventing unintended pregnancies by providing no-cost contraception. Obstetrics and Gynecology 120:1291–1297.
- Peipert JF, Zhao Q, Allsworth JE, Petrosky E, Madden T, Eisenberg D et al. 2012b. Continuation and satisfaction of reversible contraception. Obstetrics and Gynecology 117:1105–1113.
- Rubin SE, Winrob I. 2010. Urban female family medicine patients’ perceptions about intrauterine contraception. Journal of Women's Health (Larchmont) 19:735–740.
- Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. 1967. State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida State University.
- Suhonen S, Haukkamaa M, Jakobsson T, Rauramo I. 2004. Clinical performance of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and oral contraceptives in young nulliparous women: a comparative study. Contraception 69:407–412.