The rise of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): 11-year trend analysis using Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) data

References

• Aasheim V, Nilsen AB, Lukasse M, Reinar LM. 2011. Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (12):CD006672.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews V, Thakar R, Sultan AH. 2009. Structured hands-on training in repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): An audit of clinical practice. International Urogynecology Journal 20:193–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baghestan E, Irgens LM, Bordahl PE, Rasmussen S. 2010. Trends in risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries in Norway. Obstetrics and Gynecology 116:25–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caughey AB, Sandberg PL, Zlatnik MG, Thiet MP, Parer JT, Laros RK Jr. 2005. Forceps compared with vacuum: Rates of neonatal and maternal morbidity. Obstetrics and Gynecology 106:908–912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemons JL, Towers GD, McClure GB, O’Boyle AL. 2005. Decreased anal sphincter lacerations associated with restrictive episiotomy use. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 192:1620–1625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damron DP, Capeless EL. 2004. Operative vaginal delivery: a comparison of forceps and vacuum for success rate and risk of rectal sphincter injury. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 191: 907–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dandolu V, Lawrence L, Gaughan JP, Grotegut C, Harmanli OH, Jaspan D et al. 2005. Trends in the rate of shoulder dystocia over two decades. Journal of Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 18:305–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Leeuw JW, Struijk PC, Vierhout ME, Wallenburg HC. 2001. Risk factors for third degree perineal ruptures during delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 108:383–387.
   Google Scholar
• de Leeuw JW, de Wit C, Kuijken JP, Bruinse HW. 2008. Mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 115: 104–108.
   Google Scholar
• Ekeus C, Nilsson E, Gottvall K. 2008. Increasing incidence of anal sphincter tears among primiparas in Sweden: a population-based register study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 87:564–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eogan M, O’Herlihy C. 2006. Diagnosis and management of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 18:141–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernando RJ, Sultan AH, Kettle C, Radley S, Jones P, O’Brien PM. 2006. Repair techniques for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology 107:1261–1268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottvall K, Allebeck P, Ekeus C. 2007. Risk factors for anal sphincter tears: the importance of maternal position at birth. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 114:1266–1272.
   Google Scholar
• Gurol-Urganci I, Cromwell D, Edozien L, Mahmood T, Adams E, Richmond D et al. 2013. Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears among primiparous women in England between 2000 and 2012: time trends and risk factors. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 120: 1516–1525.
   Google Scholar
• Ismail S, Nicholson S. 2011. Analysis of urogynaecological litigation in England over 14 year period. International Urogynecology Journal 22(S2):S367–S368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johanson R, Pusey J, Livera N, Jones P. 1989. North Staffordshire/Wigan assisted delivery trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 96:537–544.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jonsson ER, Elfaghi I, Rydhstrom H, Herbst A. 2008. Modified Ritgen's maneuver for anal sphincter injury at delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology 112:212–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahmann PH, Wills RA, Coory M. 2009. Trends in birth size and macrosomia in Queensland, Australia, from 1988 to 2005. Paediatrics and Perinatal Epidemiology 23:533–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam KW, Wong HS, Pun TC. 2006. The practice of episiotomy in public hospitals in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Medical Journal 12:94–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laine K, Gissler M, Pirhonen J. 2009. Changing incidence of anal sphincter tears in four Nordic countries through the last decades. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 146: 71–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeod NL, Gilmour DT, Joseph KS, Farrell SA, Luther ER. 2003. Trends in major risk factors for anal sphincter lacerations: a 10-year study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canada 25:586–593.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris JM, Algert CS, Falster MO, Ford JB, Kinnear A, Nicholl MC et al. 2012. Trends in planned early birth: a population-based study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 207:186.e1–e8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICE. 2007. Intrapartum care: Care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth. NICE Clinical Guideline 55. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.
   Google Scholar
• Paranjothy S, Fone D, Mann M, Dunstan F, Evans E, Tomkinson A et al. 2009. The incidence and aetiology of epistaxis in infants: a population-based study. Archives of Disease in Childhood 94:421–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raisanen S, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Gissler M, Heinonen S. 2009. The increased incidence of obstetric anal sphincter rupture – an emerging trend in Finland. Preventive Medicine 49:535–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raisanen S, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Gisler M, Heinonen S. 2011. A population-based register study to determine indications for episiotomy in Finland. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 115:26–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts CL, Algert CS, Douglas I, Tracy SK, Peat B. 2002. Trends in labour and birth interventions among low-risk women in New South Wales. Australian New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 42: 176–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RCOG. 2007. The management of third and fourth degree perineal tears, Green-top Guideline No. 29. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
   Google Scholar
• Samarasekera DN, Bekhit MT, Wright Y, Lowndes RH, Stanley KP, Preston JP et al. 2008. Long-term anal continence and quality of life following postpartum anal sphincter injury. Colorectal Disease 10: 793–799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheer I, Andrews V, Thakar R, Sultan AH. 2008. Urinary incontinence after obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): Is there a relationship?International Urogynecology Journal 19:179–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shihadeh AS, Nawafleh AN. 2001. Third degree tears and episiotomy. Saudi Medical Journal 22:272–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trochez R, Waterfield M, Freeman RM. 2011. Hands on or hands off the perineum: A survey of care of the perineum in labour (HOOPS). International Urogynecology Journal 22:1279–1285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valbo A, Gjessing L, Herzog C, Goderstad JM, Laine K, Valset AM. 2008. Anal sphincter tears at spontaneous delivery: a comparison of five hospitals in Norway. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 87:1176–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar