8
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Menstrual abnormalities at the extremes of body weight

Pages 52-61 | Published online: 02 Jul 2009

References

  • Adashi E. Y., Rakoff J., Divers W., Fishman J., Yen S. S. C. The effect of acutely administered 2-hydroxyestrone on the release of gonadotropins and prolactin before and alter estrogen priming in hypogonadal women. Life Sciences 1979; 25: 2051–2055
  • Baird D. T. Pituitary–ovarian relationships in disorders of menstruation. The Endocrine Function of the Human Ovary, V. H. T. James, M. Serio, G. Giusti. Academic Press, London 1976; 349
  • Billewicz W. Z., Fellowes H. M., Hytten C. A. Comments on the critical metabolic mass and the age of menarche. Annals of Human Biology 1976; 3: 51–59
  • Boyar R. M., Katz J., Finkelstein I. W., Kapen S., Weiner H., Weitzman F. D., Hellman L. Anorexia nervosa Immaturity of the 24-hour luteinizing hormone secretory pattern. New England Journal of Medicine 1974; 291: 861–865
  • Boyar R. M., Ramsay J., Chipman J., Fevre M., Madden J., Marks J. Regulation of gonadotropin secretion in Turner's syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 1978; 298: 1328–1331
  • Bray G. A., Dahms W. T., Greenway F. L., Marriott M., Molitch M., Atkinson R. Evaluation of the obese patient. Journal of the American Medical Association 1976; 235: 2008–2010
  • British Medical Journal. Dietary amenorrhoea. British Medical Journal 1978; i: 321
  • Cho M., Fryer B. A. Nutritional knowledge of collegiate physical education majors. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1974; 65: 30–34
  • Crisp A. H., Palmer R I., Kalucy R. S. How common is anorexia nervosa? A prevalence study. British Journal of psychiatry 1976; 128: 549–554
  • Dale E., Gerlach D. H., Wilhite A. L. Menstrual dysfunction in distance runners. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1979; 54: 47–53
  • Duncan G. Diseases of Metabolism. Saunders, Philadelphia 1942; 568
  • Edman C. D., Aiman E. J., Porter J. C., McDonald P. C. Identification of the estrogen product of extraglandular aromatization of plasma androstenedione. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1978; 130: 439–447
  • Edman C. D., McDonald P. C. Effect of obesity on conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in ovulatory and anovulatory young women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1978; 130: 456–161
  • Fehér T., Halmy L. Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate dynamics in obesity. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 1975; 53: 215–222
  • Fishman J., Boyar R. M., Hellman L. Influence of body weight on estradiol metabolism in voting women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1975; 41: 989–991
  • Frisch R. E. Biosocial Interrelations in Population Adaptation. The Hague, Mouton 1975
  • Frisch R. E., Revelle R. Height and weight at menarche, and a hypothesis of menarche. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1971; 46: 695–701
  • Friseh R. E., Wyshak G., Vincent L. Delayed menarche and amenorrhea in ballet dancers. New England Journal of Medicine 1980; 303: 17–19
  • Glass A. R., Dahms W. T., Abraham G., Atkinson R. L., Bray G. A., Swerdloff R. S. Secondary amenorrhoea in obesity. Etiological role of weight-related androgen excess. Fertility and Sterility 1978; 30: 243–244
  • Harrower A. D. B., Yap P. L., Nairn I. M., Walton H. J., Strong J. A., Craig A. Growth hormone, insulin and prolactin secretion in anorexia nervosa and obesity during bromocriptine treatment. British Medical Journal 1977; ii: 156–159
  • Hopwood N. J., Kenny F. M. Incidence of Nelson's syndrome after adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease in children. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1977; 131: 1353–1356
  • Hosseinian A. H., Kim M. H., Rosenfield R. L. Obesity and oligomenorrhea are associated with hyper-androgenism independent of hirsutism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1976; 42: 765–769
  • Jacobs H. S. Advances in Gynaecological Endocrinology, H. S. Jacobs. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London 1978; 137
  • Johanson A. Fluctuations of gonadotropin in children. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1974; 39: 154–159
  • Johnston F. E., Malina R. M., Galbraith M. A. Height, weight and age at menarche and the ‘critical weight’ hypothesis. Science 1971; 174: 1148–1149
  • Keizer H. A., Poortman J., Bunnik G. S. J. Influence of physical exercise on sex hormone metabolism. Journal of Applied Physiology 1980; 48: 765–769
  • Knuth U. A., Hull M. G. R., Jacobs H. S. Amenorrhoea and loss of weight. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1977; 84: 801–807
  • Lev-Ran A. Secondary amenorrhea resulting from uncontrolled weight-reducing diets. Fertility and Sterility 1974; 25: 459–462
  • McArthur J. W., O'Loughlin K. M., Johnson L., Hourihan J., Alonso C. Endocrine studies during the refeeding of young women with nutritional amenorrhea and infertility. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1976; 51: 607–616
  • McArthur J. W., Bullen B. A., Beitens I. Z., Pagano M., Badger T. M., Klibanski A. Hypothalamic amenorrhea in runners of normal body composition. Endocrine Research Communications 1980; 7: 13–25
  • McArthur R. G., Cloutier M.D., Hayles A. B., Sprague R. G. Cushing's disease in children. Mayo Clinic Proceeding 1972; 47: 318–326
  • Macmillan D. R., Kim C. B., Weisskopf B. Syndrome of growth resistance, obesity and intellectual impairment with precocious puberty. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1972; 47: 119–121
  • Marshall J. C., Fraser T. R. Amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa: assessment and treatment with elomiphenc citrate. British Medical Journal 1971; iv: 590–592
  • Morgan H. G. Fasting girls and our attitudes to them. British Medical Journal 1977; ii: 1652–1655
  • Morton R. Phthisiologia: or a Treatise of Consumptions. Smith and Walford. 1694, (English translation)
  • Moshang T., Parks J. S., Baker L., Vaidya V., Utiger R. D., Bongiovanni A. M., Snyder P. J. Low serum tri-iodothyronine in patients with anorexia nervosa. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1975; 40: 470–473
  • Nillius S. J. Epidemiology and endocrinology of weight-loss related amenorrhoea. Advances in Gynaecological Endocrinology, H. S. Jacobs. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London 1978; 118
  • Nylander I. The feeling of being fat and dieting in a school population. An epidemiological interview investigation. Acta Sociomedica Scandinavica 1971; 3: 17–26
  • Palmer R. L., Crisp A. H., MacKinnon P. C. B., Franklin M., Bonnar J, Wheeler M. Pituitary sensitivity to 50 μg LH. FSH-RH in subjects with anorexia nervosa in acute and recovery stages. British Medical Journal 1975; i: 179–182
  • Pimstone B. Endocrine function in proteincalorie malnutrition. Clinical Endocrinology 1976; 5: 79–95
  • Plymate S. R., Farris B. I., Bassett M. L., Matej L. Obesity and its role in polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1981; 52: 1246–1248
  • Powers P. S. Weight problems in adolescence. Primary Care 1976; 3: 337–352
  • Rogers J., Mitchell G. W. The relation of obesity to menstrual disturbances. New England Journal of Medicine 1952; 247: 53–55
  • Schindler A. E., Ebert A., Frederick E. Conversion of androstenedione to estrone by human fat tissue. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1972; 35: 627–630
  • Shepard M. K., Balmaceda J. P., Leija C. G. Relationship of weight to successful induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate. Fertility and Sterility 1979; 32: 641–645
  • Siiteri P. K., McDonald P. C. Role of extraglandular estrogen in human endocrinology. Handbook of Physiology. Section 7: Endocrinology. Volume II, R. O. Greep, E. B. Astwood. American Physiological Society, Washington, DC 1973; 615–619
  • Styne D. M., Kaplan S. L. Normal and abnormal puberty in the female. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1979; 26: 123–148
  • Thomson J. E., Baird S. G., Thomson J. A. Thyroid function in dietary amenorrhoea. Clinical Endocrinology 1977; 7: 383–388
  • Vigersky R. A., Loriaux D. L., Anderson A E., Mecklenburg R. S., Vaitukaitis J. L. Delayed pituitary hormone response to LRF and TRF in patients with anorexia nervosa and secondary amenorrhoea associated with simple weight loss. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1976; 43: 893–900
  • Vigersky R. A., Anderson A. E., Thompson R. H., Loriaux D. L. Hypothalamic dysfunction in secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss. New England Journal of Medicine 1977; 297: 1141–1145
  • Warren M. P., Jewelewicz R., Dyrenfurth I., Ans R., Khalaf S., Vande Wiele R. L. The significance of weight loss in the evaluation of pituitary response to LH-RH in women with secondary amenorrhoea. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1975; 40: 601–611
  • Webb J. L., Millan D. L., Stolz C. J. Gynecological survey of American female athletes competing at the Montreal Olympic Games. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical fitness 1979; 19: 405–412

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.