Behavioral and morphological endpoints: as an early response to sublethal malathion intoxication in the freshwater fish, Labeo rohita

References

• APHA. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st ed. Washington, DC, USA: American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF).
   Google Scholar
• Chawanrat Rao, S., Voravit, C., Chutarat, S., William, F., Beamish, H. (2007). Variability in acetylcholinesterase upon exposure to chlorpyrifos and carbaryl in hybrid catfish. Sci Asia 33:301–305.
   Google Scholar
• Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple tests: biometrics. 1–42.
   Google Scholar
• Ecobichon, D. J. (1994). Pesticides and neurological diseases, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Edison B (2007): Use of metabolism and swimming activity to evaluate the sublethal toxicity of surfactant (LAS-C12) on Mugil platanus. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 50:101–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres Featherstone RM (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 7:88–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finney DJ (1971). Probit analysis. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman RS, Capel PD, Larson SJ (2000) Comparison of pesticides in eight U.S. urban streams. Environ Toxicol Chem. 19:2249–2258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmstedt B (1963). Structure-activity relationship of the organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents. Koelle, G.B. (Ed.), Cholinesterases and Anticholinesterase Agents: Handbuch der Eperimentellen Pharmakologie, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 15: 428–485.
   Google Scholar
• Jakka NM, Gnaneshwar T, Venkateswara Rao J (2007). Locomotor behavioral response of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) to subacute mercury stress monitored by video tracking system. Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 30:383–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane AS, Salierno JD, Brewer SK (2005). Fish models in behavioral toxicology: Automated techniques, updates and perspectives. In: Ostrander, G. K., (Ed.), Methods in aquatic toxicology, Vol 2 (pp 559–590 ). Bocal Raton, Florida, USA: Lewis Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Katja, S., Georg, B. O. S., Stephan, P., Christian, E. W. S. (2005). Impact of PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) and TBT and a mixture of both on swimming behavior, body growth, and enzymatic biotransformation activities (GST) of young carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquat Toxicol 71:49–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, S. J., Gilliom, R. J., Capel, P. D. (1999). Pesticides in streams of the United States: initial results from the national water-quality assessment program. Water-resources investigations report. Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Geological Survey.
   Google Scholar
• Lowry, O. H., Rosenbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., Randal, R. J. (1951). Proteins estimation by folin phenol method. J Biol Chem 193:265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramesh, M., Saravanan, M. (2008). Haemetological and biochemical responses in the fresh water fish, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to chlorpyrifos. Int J Integrat Biol 2 Sep [Epub]
   Google Scholar
• Padilla, S., Lassiter, L., Krofton, K., Moser, V. C. (1996). Blood cholinesterase activity. Inhibition as an indicator of adverse effect. In: Blancato, J. N., Brown, R. N., Dary, C. C., Saleh, M. A. (Eds.), Biomarkers for agrochemicals and toxic substances: application and risk assessment (pp 70–78 ). Washington, DC, USA: American Chemical Society.
   Google Scholar
• Patil, V. K., David, M. (2008). Behavioral and respiratory dysfunction in the freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (HAMILTON), under malathion intoxication. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 19:167–175.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao, J. V. (2006). Toxic effects of novel organophosphorus insecticide (RPR-V) on certain biochemical parameters of euryhaline fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Pesticide Biochem Physiol 86:78–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, J. A. (1990). Bioenergetics modeling approaches to evaluate stress in fishes. In: Proceedings of the American Fisheries Society Symposium, Bethesda, Maryland. 8:80–92.
   Google Scholar
• Teresa, G., Patrizia, S., Elisa, Z., Barbara, L., Andrea, S., Giampiero, P. (2009). Determination of organophophorus pesticides in Italian raw milk. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 82:251–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timchalk, C., Nolan, R. J., Mendrala, A. L., Dittenber, D. A., Brzak, K. A., Mattsson, J. L. (2002). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model for the organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos, in rats and humans. Toxicolog Sci 66:34–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2006). EPA 738-R-06-030 (p 59 ). Washington, DC, USA: USEPA.
   Google Scholar
• Ural, M. S., Simsek, K. S. (2006). Acute toxicity of dichlorvos on fingerling European catfish, Silurus glanis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 76:871–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Geological Survey (1998–2000). National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Reston, Virginia, USA: USGS.
   Google Scholar
• Winner, B. J. (1971). Statistical principles in experimental design, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, Y. C., Chen, H. C., Yuan, Y. K. (2004). Sublethal effects of paraquat and malathion on the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense. Acta Zoolog Taiwanica 14:87–95.
   Google Scholar