166
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Relations between toxicity and altered tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine after chronic oral administration of nicotine in rats

, , , &
Pages 166-172 | Received 13 May 2009, Accepted 21 Jul 2009, Published online: 22 Mar 2010

References

  • Benowitz, N. L., Zevin, S., Jacob, P., III. (1997). Source of variability in nicotine and cotinine levels with use of nicotine nasal spray, transdermal nicotine, and cigarette smoking. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 43:259–269.
  • Benowitz, N. L. (1988). Pharmacokinetic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction. NEJM 319:1318–1330.
  • Croghan, I. T., Hurt, R. D., Dakhil, S. R., Croghan, G. A., Sloan, J. A., Novotny, P. J., et al. (2007). Randomized comparison of a nicotine inhaler and bupropion for smoking cessation and relapse prevention. Mayo Clin Proc 82:186–195.
  • Griffiths, R. R., Henningfield, J. E. (1982). Pharmacology of cigarette smoking behavior. Trends Pharmacol Sci 3:260–263.
  • Gupta, S. K., Okerholm, R. A., Coen, P., Prather, R. D., Gorsline, J. (1993). Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of Nicoderm® (a nicotine transdermalsystem). J Clin Pharmacol 33:169–174.
  • Halima, J. M., Philippon, C., Mimran, A. (1998). Contrasting renal effects of nicotine in smokers and nonsmokers. Nephrol Dial Transpl 13:940–944.
  • Ho, H., Chien, Y. (1993). Kinetic evaluation of transdermal nicotine delivery systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 19:295–313.
  • Howland, R. D., Mycek, M. J. (2006). Pharmacology, 3rd ed ( p 317). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Lippincott Willams & Wilkins.
  • Husain, K., Scott, B. R., Reddy, S. K., Somani, S. M. (2001). Chronic ethanol and nicotine interaction on rat tissue antioxidant defense system. Alcohol 25:89–97.
  • Jung, B. H., Chung, B. C., Chung, S. J., Lee, M. H., Shim, C. K. (1999). Simultaneous GC-MS determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma for the pharmacokinetic characterization of nicotine in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 20:195–202.
  • Lam, W., Sze, P. C., Sacks, H. S., Chalmers, T. C. (1989). Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of nicotine chewing gum. Lancet 7:7–10.
  • Malcolm, R. E., Sillett, R. W., Turne, J. A., Ball, K. P. (1980). The use of nicotine chewing gum as an aid to stopping smoking. Psycopharmacology 80:295–296.
  • Nakajima, M., Yokoi, T. (2005). Interindividial variability in nicotine metabolism: C-oxidation and glucuronidation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 20:227–235.
  • Russell, M. A. H., Feyerabend, C. (1978). Cigarette smoking: a dependence on high nicotine boli. Drug Metab Rev 8:29–57.
  • Schneider, N., Lunell, E., Stead, R. E. O., Fagerst, K. O. (1996). Clinical pharmacokinetic of nasal nicotine delivery. Clin Pharmacokinet 31:65–80.
  • Sener, G., Sehirli, A. O., Ipçi, Y., Cetinel, S., Cikler, E., Gedik, N., et al. (2005). Protective effects of taurine against nicotine-induced oxidative damage of rat urinary bladder and kidney. Pharmacology 74:37–44.
  • Shievelbein, H. (1984). Nicotine and the tobacco smoking habit ( pp 1–17). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
  • Sutherland, G., Russell, M. A., Stapleton, J., Feyerabend, C., Ferno, O. (1992). Nasal nicotine spray: a rapid nicotine delivery system. Psychopharmacology 108:512–518.,
  • Yuen, S. T., Gogo, A. R., Jr., Luck, I. C., Cho, C. H., Ho, J. C. I., Loh, T. T. (1995). The effect of nicotine and its interaction with carbon tetrachloride in rat liver. Pharmacol Toxicol 77:225–230.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.