578
Views
73
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Environmental and occupational exposure of metals and their role in male reproductive functions

Pages 353-368 | Received 15 Feb 2012, Accepted 25 Jun 2012, Published online: 05 Sep 2012

References

  • Acharya, U., Mowen, M. B., Nagashima, K., Acharya, J. K. (2004). Ceramidase expression facilitates membrane turnover and endocytosis of rhodopsin in photoreceptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci,U S A 101:1922–1926.
  • Agrawal, R., Chansouria, J. P. (1989). Chronic effects of mercuric chloride ingestion on rat adrenocortical function. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 43:481–84.
  • Alcser, K. H., Brix, K. A., Fine, L. J., Kallenbach, L. R., Wolfe, R. A. (1989). Occupational mercury exposure and male reproductive health. Am J Ind Med 15:517–529.
  • Alexander, B. H., Checkoway, H., van Netten, C., Muller, C. H., Ewers, T. H., Kaufman, J. D., et al. (1996). Semen quality of men employed at a lead smelter. Occup Environ Med 53:411–416.
  • Alvarez, J. G., Storey, B. T. (1989). Role of glutathione peroxidase in protecting mammalian spermatozoa from loss of motility caused by spontaneous lipid peroxidation. Gamete Res 23:77–90.
  • Apostoli, P., Bellini, A., Porru, S., Bisante, L. (2000). The effect of lead on male fertility: a time to pregnancy (TTP) study. Am J Ind Med 38:310–315.
  • Apostoli, P., Kiss, P., Porru, S., Bonde, J. P., Vanhoorne, M. (1998). Male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. Occup Environ Med 55:364–374.
  • Armstrong, C. W., Moore, L. W., Jr., Hackler, R. L., Miller, G. B., Jr., Stroube, R. B. (1983). An outbreak of metal fume fever. Diagnostic use of urinary copper and zinc determinations. J Occup Med 25:886–888.
  • Aruldhas, M. M., Subramanian, S., Sekhar, P., Hasan, G. C., Govindarajulu, P., Akbarsha, M. A. (2004). Microcanalization in the epididymis to overcome ductal obstruction caused due to chronic exposure to chromium—a study in mature bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata Geoffroy). Reproduction 128:127–137.
  • Bagchi, D., Stohs, S. J., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, M., Preuss, H. G. (2002). Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of chromium. Toxicology 180:5–22.
  • Barber, S. J., Parker, H. M., McDaniel, C. D. (2005). Broiler breeder semen quality as affected by trace minerals in vitro. Poult Sci 84:100–105.
  • Barceloux, D. (1999). Chromium. Clin Toxicol 37:173–194.
  • Barregärd, L., Lindstedt, G., Schütz, A., Sällsten, G. (1994). Endocrine function in mercury exposed chloralkali workers. Occup Environ Med 51:536–540.
  • Batra, N., Nehru, B., Bansal, M. P. (1998). The effect of zinc supplementation on the effects of lead on the rat testis. Reprod Toxicol 12:535–540.
  • Becker, D. E., Smith, S. E. (1951). The level of cobalt tolerance in yearling sheeps. J Anim Sci 10:266–271.
  • Benoff, S., Centola, G. M., Millan, C., Napolitano, B., Marmar, J. L., Hurley, I. R. (2003). Increased seminal plasma lead levels adversely affect the fertility potential of sperm in IVF. Hum Reprod 18:374–383.
  • Benoff, S., Hurley, I. R., Barcia, M., Mandel, F. S., Cooper, G. W., Hershlag, A. (1997). A potential role for cadmium in the etiology of varicocele-associated infertility. Fertil Steril 67:336–347.
  • Biswas, R., Poddar, S., Mukherjee, A. (2006). Investigation on the genotoxic effects of long-term administration of sodium arsenite in bone marrow and testicular cell in vivo using comet assay. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 26:29–37.
  • Bleau, G., Lemarbre, J., Faucher, G., Roberts, K. D., Chapdelaine, A. (1984). Semen selenium and human fertility. Fertil Steril 42:890–894.
  • Boitani, C., Puglisi, R. (2008). Selenium, a key element in spermatogenesis and male fertility. Adv Exp Med Biol 636:65–73.
  • Bomhard, E., Vogel, O., Loser, E. (1987). Chronic effects on single and multiple oral and subcutaneous cadmium administration on the testes of Wistar rats. Cancer Lett 36:307–315.
  • Bondani, A., Aspeitia, E., Aznar, R., Gómez-Arzápalo, E., Pascual, C., Giner, J. (1973). Co-relation between sperm motility and electrolyte composition of seminal fluid in normal and infertile men. Fertil Steril 24:150–158.
  • Bonde, J. P. (1993). The risk of male subfertility attributable to welding of metals. Studies of semen quality, infertility, adverse pregnancy outcome and childhood malignancy. Int J Androl 16:1–29.
  • Bonde, J. P. (2002). Occupational risk to male reproduction. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 24:112–117.
  • Brown, K. M., Arthur, J. R. (2001). Selenium, selenoproteins and human health: a review. Pub Health Nutr 4:593–599.
  • Brown, A. E. (1999). Pesticides and the endocrine system. College Park: Department of Entomology, University of Maryland; Pesticide Information Leaflet Series, 34.
  • Campanella, L., Gatta, T., Ravera O. (2005). Relationship between antioxidant capacity and manganese accumulation in the soft tissues of two freshwater molluscs: Unio pictorum mancus (Lamellibranchia, Unionidae) and Viviparous ater (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). J Limnol 64:153–158.
  • Canpolat, I., Gur, S., Gunay, C., Bulut, S., Eroksuz, H. (2006). An evaluation of the outcome of bull castration by itra-testicular injection of ethanol and calcium chloride. Revue Med Vet 157:420–425.
  • Carpino, A., Siciliano, L., Petroni, M. F., De Stefano, C., Aquila, S., Andó, S. (1998). Low seminal zinc bound to high molecular weight proteins in asthenozoospermic patients: evidence of increased sperm zinc content in oligoasthenozoospermic patients. Hum Reprod 13:111–114.
  • Cavallini, L., Valente, M., Bindoli, A. (1984). On the mechanism of inhibition of lipid peroxidation by manganese. Inorganica Chim Acta 91:117–120.
  • Chandra, A., Goswami, H., Sengupta, P. (2012a). Dietary calcium induced cytological and biochemical changes in thyroid. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 34:454–465.
  • Chandra, A., Sengupta, P., Goswami, H., Sarkar, M. (2012b). Excessive dietary calcium in the disruption of structural and functional status of adult male reproductive system in rat with possible mechanism. Mol Cell Biochem 364:181–191.
  • Chandra, A., Sengupta, P., Goswami, H., Sarkar, M. (2012c). Effects of dietary magnesium on testicular histology, steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis and oxidative stress markers in adult rats. Ind J Exp Biol (in press).
  • Chandra, S. V., Ara, R., Nagar, N., Seth, P. K. (1973). Sterility in experimental manganese toxicity. Acta Biol Med Ger 30:857–862.
  • Chang, S. I., Jin, B., Youn, P., Park, C., Park, J. D., Ryu, D. Y. (2007). Arsenic induced toxicity and the protective role of ascorbic acid in mouse testis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 218:196–203.
  • Chaplin, R. E., Harris, M. W., Hunter, E. S., Davis, B. J., Collins, B. J., Lockhart, A. C. (1995). The reproductive and developmental toxicity of Indium in the swiss mouse. Toxicol Sci 27:140–148.
  • Chattopadhyay, A., Sarkar, M., Biswas, N. M. (2005). Dose dependant effect of copper chloride on male reproductive function in immature rats. Kathmandu Univ Med J 3:392–400.
  • Chen, C. Y., Huang, Y. L., Lin, T. H. (1998). Association between oxidative stress and cytokine production in nickel-treated rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 356:127–132.
  • Cheng, C. Y., Wong, E. W. P., Lie, P. P. Y., Li, M. W. M., Su, L., Siu, E. R., et al. (2011). Environmental toxicants and amle reproductive function. Spermatogenesis 1:2–13.
  • Chia, S. E., Ong, C. N., Lee, S. T., Tsakok, F. H. (1992). Blood concentrations of lead, mercury, zinc, and copper, and human semen parameters. Arch Androl 29:177–183.
  • Chia, S. E., Xu, B., Ong, C. N., Tsakok, F. M., Lee, S. T. (1994). Effect of cadmium and cigarette smoking on human semen quality. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 39:292–298.
  • Chowdhury, A. R., Mitra, C. (1995). Spermatogenic and steroidogenic impairment after chromium treatment in rats. Ind J Exp Biol 33:480–484.
  • Chowdhury, A. R., Arora, U. (1982). Toxic effect of mercury on testes in different animal species. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol 26:246–249.
  • Coassin, M., Ursini, F., Bindoli, A. (1992). Antioxidant effect of manganese. Arch Biochem Biophys 299:330–333.
  • Cordier, S., Deplan, F., Mandereau, L., Hemon, D. (1991). Paternal exposure to mercury and spontaneous abortions. Br J Ind Med 48:375–381.
  • Danadevi, K., Rozati, R., Reddy, P. P., Grover, P. (2003). Semen quality of Indian welders occupationally exposed to nickel and chromium. Reprod Toxicol 17:451–456.
  • Darmani, H., Al-Hiyasat, A. S., Elbetieha, A. M. (2001). Effects of sodium fluoride in drinking water on fertility in female mice. Fluoride 34:242–249.
  • Das, K. K., Dasgupta, S. (2000). Effect of nickel on testicular nucleic acid concentrations of rats on protein restriction. Biol Trace Elem Res 73:175–180.
  • Dickinson, H., Parker, L. (1994). Do alcohol and lead change the sex ratio? J Theor Biol 169:313–315.
  • Dickman, M. D., Leung, K. M. C., Koo, L. C. L. (1999). Mercury in human hair and fish: is there a Hong Kong male subfertility connection? Marine Pollut Bull 39:352–356.
  • Doreswamy, C., Govindan, R., Devaiah, M. C., Muniswamappa, M. V. (2004). Deterioration of cocoon traits of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. by the synergistic infection with late larval flacherie pathogens. Karnataka J Agric Sci 17:345–348.
  • Duffus, J. H. (2002). Effect of CrVI on sperm quality. Ann Occup Hyg 46:269–270.
  • Eidi, M., Eidi, A., Pouyan, O., Shahmohammadi, P., Fazaeli, R., Bahar, M. (2010). Seminal plasma level of copper and its relationship with seminal parameters. Ira J Repro Med 8:60–65.
  • Elbetieha, A. M., Darmani, H., Al-Hiyasat, A. S. (2000). Fertility effects of sodium fluoride in male mice. Fluoride 33:128–134.
  • Emara, A. M., el-Ghawabi, S. H., Madkour, O. I., el-Samra, G. H. (1971). Chronic manganese poisoning in the dry battery industry. Br J Ind Med 28:78–82.
  • Erfurth, E. M., Gerhardsson, L., Nilsson, A., Rylander, L., Schütz, A., Skerfving, S., et al. (2001). Effects of lead on the endocrine system in lead smelter workers. Arch Environ Health 56:449–455.
  • Ernst, E. (1990). Testicular toxicity following short-term exposure to tri-and hexavalent chromium: an experimental study in the rat. Toxicol Lett 51:269–275.
  • Ernst, E., Bonde, J. P. (1992). Sex and epididymal sperm parameters in rat following subchronic treatment with hexavalent chromium. Hum Environ Toxicol 11:255–258.
  • Espinoza-Navarro, O., Vilaxa, A., Granifo, L., Rojas, S., Rodríguez, H. (2007). Histological study on the male reproductive organs of mouse CF1 treated with boron. Int J Morphol 25:341–346.
  • Fisher-Fischbein, J., Fischbein, A., Melnick, H. D., Bardin, C. W. (1987). Correlation between biochemical indicators of lead exposure and semen quality in a lead-poisoned firearms instructor. JAMA 257:803–805.
  • Fortoul, T. I., Bizarro-Nevares, P., Acevedo-Nava, S., Piñón-Zárate, G., Rodríguez-Lara, V., Colín-Barenque, L., et al. (2007). Ultrastructural findings in murine seminiferous tubules as a consequence of subchronic vanadium pentoxide inhalation. Reprod Toxicol 23:588–592.
  • Friedmann, A. S., Chen, H. L., Rabuck, L. D., Zirkin, B. R. (1998). Accumulation of dietary methylmercury in the testes of the adult brown norway rat: impaired testicular and epididymal function. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:867–871.
  • Ghaffari, M. A., Motlagh, B. (2011). In vitro effect of lead, silver, tin, mercury, indium, and bismuthon human sperm creatine kinase activity: a presumable mechanism for men infertility. Iranian Biomed J 15:38–42.
  • Godatvar, P. R. Shukra: a clinical and experimental study on therole of Svarna Bhasma in Normozoospermia. Jamnagar: MD thesis submitted to Gujrat Ayurved University, 1995.
  • Hamadouche, A., Slimani, M., Merad-Boudia, B., Zaoui, C. (2009). Reproductive toxicity of lead acetate in adult male rats. Am J Sci Res 3:38–50..
  • Hanf, V., Forstmann, A., Costea, J. E., Schieferstein, G., Fischer, I., Schweinsberg, F. (1996). Mercury in urine and ejaculate in husbands of barren couples. Toxicol Lett 88:227–231.
  • Hidiroglou, M., Knipfel, J. E. (1984). Zinc in mammalian sperm: a review. J Dairy Sci 67:1147–1156.
  • Hui, C. A. (2002). Concentrations of chromium, manganese and lead in air and avian eggs. Env Poll 120:201–206.
  • Jana, K., Jana, S., Samanta, P. K. (2006). Effects of chronic exposure to sodium arsenite on hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular activities in adult rats: possible an estrogenic mode of action. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 4:1–13.
  • Jana, K., Samanta, P. K. (2006). Evaluation of single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for nonsurgical sterilization in adult albino rats. Contraception 73:289–300.
  • Jain, V., Rai, A., Misra, S., Singh, K. M. (2010). Seminal gold content in healthy fertile men in India. Int J Ayur Res 1:172–174.
  • Joffe, M., Bisanti, L., Apostoli, P., Kiss, P., Dale, A., Roeleveld Lindbohm, M. L., et al. (2003). Time to pregnancy and occupational lead exposure. Occup Environ Med 60:752–758.
  • Jones, M. M., Xu, C., Ladd, P. A. (1997). Selenite suppression of cadmium-induced testicular apoptosis. Toxicology 116:169–75.
  • Jurasovíc, J., Cvitković, P., Pizent, A., Colak, B., Telisman, S. (2004). Semen quality and reproductive endocrine function with regard to blood cadmium in Croatian male subjects. Biometals 17:735–743.
  • Kakela, R., Kakela, A., Hyvarinen, H. (1999). Effects of nickel chloride on reproduction of the rat and possible antagonistic role of selenium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 123:27–37.
  • Kumar, G. P., Laloraya, M., Laloraya, M. M. (1990). Powerful anti-sperm motility action of cobaltous ion and its recovery by a sulfhydryl compound. Contraception 41:633–639.
  • Kynaston, H. G., Lewis-Jones, D. I., Lynch, R. V., Desmond, A. D. (1988). Changes in seminal quality following oral zinc therapy. Andrologia 20:21–22.
  • Laskey, J. W., Rehnberg, G. L., Hein, J. F., Carter, S. D. (1982). Effects of chronic manganese (Mn3O4) exposure on selected reproductive parameters in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health 9:677–687.
  • Lauwerys, R, Lison, D. (1994). Health risks associated with cobalt exposure—an overview. Sci Total Environ 150:1–6.
  • Lauwerys, R., Roels, H., Genet, P., Toussaint, G., Bouckaert, A., De Cooman, S. (1985). Fertility of male workers exposed to mercury vapor or to manganese dust: a questionnaire study. Am J Ind Med 7:171–176.
  • Lee, I. P., Dixon, R. L. (1975). Effects of mercury on spermatogenesis studied by velocity sedimentation cell separation and serial mating. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 194:171–181.
  • Lerda, D. (1992). Study of sperm characteristics in persons occupationally exposed to lead. Am J Ind Med 22:567–571.
  • Leung, T. Y., Choy, C. M. Y., Yim, S. F., Lam, C. W., Haines, C. J. (2001). Whole blood mercury concentrations in sub-fertile men in Hong Kong. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 41:75–77.
  • Levina, A., Codd, R., Dillon, C. T., Lay, P. A. (2003). Chromium in biology: toxicology and nutritional aspects. Prog Inorg Chem 51:145–250.
  • Li, H., Chen, Q., Li, S., Yao, W., Li, L., Shi, X., et al. (2001). Effect of CrVI exposure on sperm quality: human and animal studies. Ann Occup Hyg 45:505–511.
  • Lin, Y. S., Caffrey, J. L., Chang, M. H., Dowling, N., Lin, J. W. (2010). Cigarette smoking, cadmium exposure, and zinc intake on obstructive lung disorder. Respir Res 11:53–60.
  • Lin, S., Hwang, S. A., Marshall, E. G., Stone, R., Chen, J. (1996). Fertility rates among lead workers and professional bus drivers: a comparative study. Ann Epidemiol 6:201–208.
  • Lindbohm, M. L., Sallmén, M., Anttila, A., Taskinen, H., Hemminki, K. (1991). Paternal occupational lead exposure and spontaneous abortion. Scand J Work Environ Health 17:95–103.
  • Llobet, J. M., Colomina, M. T., Sirvent, J. J., Doningo, J. L., Corbella, J. (1993). Reproductive toxicity evaluation of vanadium in male mice. Toxicology 80:199–206.
  • Long, H., Jin, Y., Lin, M., Sun, Y., Zhang, L., Clinch, C. (2009). Fluoride toxicity in male reproductive system. Fluoride 42:260–276.
  • Lotrich, F. E., Smith, G. S., Pollock, B. G. (2006). Relevance of assessing drug concentration exposure in pharmacogenetic and imaging studies. J Psychopharmacol 4:33–40.
  • Lymberopoulos, A. G., Kotsaki-Kovatsi, V. P., Papaioannou, N., Taylor, A., Brikas, P., Belibasaki, S. (2003). Effects of cadmium chloride administration on the testicular growth and plasma testosterone secretion of Chios ram-lambs. Small Rum Res 49:51–60.
  • Madzharova, M., Gluhcheva, Y., Atanassova, P. N. (2010). Effect of cobalt on male reproductive organs during puberty. Biotech Biotech Equip 24:321–324.
  • Margaret, I. P., Lui, S. L., Poon, V. K. M., Lung, I., Burd, A. (2006). Antimicrobial activities of silver dressings: an in vitro comparison. J Med Microbiol 55:59–63.
  • Marmar, J. L., Katz, S., Praiss, D. E., DeBenedictis, T. J. (1975). Semen zinc levels in infertile and postvasectomy patients and patients with prostatitis. Fertil Steril 26:1057–1063.
  • McAuliffe, M. E., Perry, M. J. (2007). Are nanoparticles potential male reproductive toxicants? A literature review. Nanotoxicology 1:204–210.
  • McGregor, A. J., Mason, H. J. (1991). Occupational mercury vapour exposure and testicular, pituitary and thyroid endocrine function. Hum Exp Toxicol 10:199–203.
  • Mena, I., Marin, O., Fuenzalida, S., Papavasiliou, P. S., Cotzias, G. C. (1967). Modification of chronic manganese poisoning. Treatment with L-dopa or 5-OH tryptophane. Neurology 17:128–136.
  • Min, Y. I., Correa-Villaseiior, A., Stewart, P. A. (1996). Parental occupational lead exposure and low birth weight. Am J Ind Med 30:569–578.
  • Mohamed, M. K., Burbacher, T. M., Mottet, N. K. (1987). Effects of methyl mercury on testicular functions in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Pharmacol Toxicol 60:29–36.
  • Moorman, W. J., Skaggs, S. R., Clark, J. C., Turner, T. W., Sharpnack, D. D., Murrell, J. A., et al. (1998). Male reproductive effects of lead, including species extrapolation for the rabbit model. Reprod Toxicol 12:333–346.
  • Mussali-Galante, P., Rodríguez-Lara, V., Hernández-Tellez, B., Avila-Costa, M. R., Colín-Barenque, L., Bizarro-Nevarez, P., et al. (2005). Inhaled vanadium pentoxide decrease gamma-tubulin of mouse testes at different exposure times. Toxicol Ind Health 21:215–222.
  • Nebbia, C., Brando, C., Burdino, E., Rasero, R., Valenza, F., Arisio, R., et al. (1987). Effects of the chronic administration of sodium selenite on rat testes. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 58:183–197.
  • Neiger, R. D., Osweiler, G. D. (1985). Effect of subacute lowlevel dietary sodium arsenite on dogs. Fundam Appl Toxicol 13:439–451.
  • Nielsen, P. H., Roslev, P., Ducholm, T., Nielsen, J. L. (200). Microthrix parvicella, a specialized lipid consumer in anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge plants. Water Sci Tech 46:73–80.
  • Nordberg, G. F., Fowler, B. A., Nordberg, M., Friberg, L. (2005). Handbook on the toxicology of metals, 3rd ed. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency, Academic Publishers.
  • Nordberg, G. F., Piscator, M., Nordberg, M. (1971). On the distribution of cadmium in blood. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 30:289–295.
  • Obone, E., Chakrabarti, S. K., Bai, C., Malick, M. A., Lamontagne, L., Subramanian, K. S. (1999). Toxicity and bioaccumulation of nickel sulfate in Sprague-Dawley rats following 13 weeks of subchronic exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health A 57:379–401.
  • Omu, A. E., Dashti, H., Al-Othman, S. (1998). Treatment of asthenozoospermia with zinc sulphate: andrological, immunological, and obstetric outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 79:179–184.
  • Omura, M., Koji, Y., Akiyo, T., Miyuki, H., Yuji, M., Naohide, I. (2000). Changes in testicular damage caused by indium arsenide and indium phosphide in hampsters during two years after intratracheal instillations. J Occup Health 42:196–204.
  • Omura, M., Tanaka, A., Hirata, M., Inoue, N., Ueno, T., Homma, T., et al. (2002). Testicular toxicity evaluation of indium-tin oxide. J Occup Health 44:105–110.
  • Orisakwe, O. E., Afonne, O. J., Nwobodo, E., Asomugha, L., Dioka, C. E. (2001). Low-dose mercury induces testicular damage protected by zinc in mice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 95:92–96.
  • Oser, B. K. (1975). Hawk’s physiological chemistry (pp. 561–568). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Pandey, R., Kumar, R., Singh, S. P., Saxena, D. K., Srivastava, S. P. (1999). Male reproductive effect of nickel sulphate in mice. Biometals 12:339–346.
  • Pandey, R., Singh, S. P. (2002). Effects of molybdenum on fertility of male rats. Biometals 15:65–72.
  • Pant, N., Kumar, R., Murthy, R. C., Srivastava, S. P. (2001). Male reproductive effect of arsenic in mice. Biometals 14:113–117.
  • Pant, N., Murthy, R. C., Srivastava, S. P. (2004). Male reproductive toxicity of sodium arsenite in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 23:399–403.
  • Pedersen, L. H., Stoltenberg, M., Ernst, E., West, M. J. (2003). Leydig cell death in rats exposed to bismuth subnitrate. J Appl Toxicol 23:235–238.
  • Pedigo, N. G., George, W. J., Anderson, M. B. (1988). Effect of acute and chronic exposure of cobalt on male reproduction in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2:45–53.
  • Ponnapakkam, T. P., Bailey, K. S., Graves, K. A., Iszard, M. B. (2003). Assessment of male reproductive system in the CD-1 mice following oral manganese exposure. Reprod Toxicol 17:547–551.
  • Prasad, A. S., Mantzoros, C. S., Beck, F. W., Hess, J. W., Brewer, G. J. (1996). Zinc status and serum testosterone levels in healthy adults. Nutrition 12:344–348.
  • Queiroz, E. K. R., Waissmann, W. (2006). Occupational exposure and effects on the male reproductive system. Cad Saúde Pública 22:485–493.
  • Quintanilla-Vega, B., Hoover, D., Bal, W., Silbergeld, E. K., Waalkes, M. P., Anderson, L. D. (2000). Lead effects on protamine-DNA binding. Am J Ind Med 38:324–329.
  • Rao, M. V., Sharma, P. S. (2001). Protective effect of vitamin E against mercuric chloride reproductive toxicity in male mice. Reprod Toxicol 15:705–712.
  • Riffo, M., Leiva, S., Astudillo, J. (1992). Effect of zinc on human sperm motility and the acrosome reaction. Int J Androl 15:229–237.
  • Robbins, W. A., Wei, F., Elashoff, D. A., Wu, G., Xun, L., Jia, A. J. (2007). Y:X sperm ration in boron exposed men. J Androl 29:115–121.
  • Rodier, J. (1955). Manganese poisoning in Moroccan miners. Br J Ind Med 12:21–35.
  • Rotruck, J. T., Pope, A. L., Ganther, H. E., Swanson, A. B., Hafeman, D. G., Hoekstra, W. G. (1973). Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179:588–590.
  • Roy Chowdhury, A. (2009). Recent advances in heavy metal induced effect of male reproductive function. Al Ameen J Med Sci 2:37–42.
  • Roy Chowdhury, A., Bhatt, H. V. (1983). Effect of selenium dioxide on the testes of rat. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol 27:237–240.
  • Sallmén, M., Lindbohm, M. L., Anntila, A., Taskinen, H., Hemminki, K. (1992). Paternal occupational lead exposure and congenital malformations. J Epidemiol Comm Health 46:519–522.
  • Sarkar, M., Chaudhuri, G., Chattopadhayay, A., Biswas, N. M. (2003). Effect of sodium arsenite on spermatogenesis, plasma gonadotrophins, and testosterone in rats. Asian J Androl 5:27–31.
  • Sarkar, S., Jana, A. D., Samanta, S. K., Mostafa, G. (2007). Facile synthesis of silver nano particles with highly efficient anti-microbial property. Polyhedron 26:4419–4426.
  • Saxena, D. K., Murthy, R. C., Singh, C., Chandra, S. V. (1989). Zinc protects testicular injury induced by concurrent exposure to cadmium and lead in rats. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 64:317–329.
  • Saygi, S., Deniz, G., Kutsal, O., Vural, N. (1991). Chronic effects of cadmium on kidney, liver, testis, and fertility of male rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 31:209–214.
  • Scialli, A. R., Bonde, J. P., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Culver, B. D., Li, Y., Sullivan, F. M. (2010). An overview of male reproductive studies of boron with an emphasis on studies of highly exposed Chinese workers. Reprod Toxicol 29:10–24.
  • Seldén, A. I., Berg, N. P., Soderbergh, A., Bergstrom, E. O. (2005). Occupational molybdenum exposure and a gouty electrician. Occup Med 55:145–148.
  • Sengupta, P., Chandra, A. (2009). Potentializing the effect of excess dietary calcium chloride as chemo-castrative agent. International Conference of Integrated Physiology: Modern Perspective and Platinum Jubilee Celebration, November 12–14, 2009, Kolkata, India, p. 277.
  • Sengupta, P. (2011a). A scientific review of age determination for a laboratory rat: how old is it in comparison with human age? Biomed Int (in press).
  • Sengupta, P., Sarkar, M., Chandra, A. (2011b). Excess dietary calcium depresses male gonadal activity by inducing oxidative stress in adult albino rats. 98th Indian Science Congress, January 3–7, 2011, Chennai, India, p. 193.
  • Sengupta, P., Sarkar, M., Chandra, A. (2011c). Comparative study of calcium and magnesium induced oxidative stress leading to gonadal impairment in male rats. National Symposium on “Frontiers in Modern Biology” organized by Department of Biological Sciences, p. 18.
  • Sengupta, P., Goswami, H., Chandra, A. (2011d). Excessive magnesium intake reduces testicular oxidative stress and promotes male reproductive function in rats. Physicon 2011:115.
  • Sengupta, P. (2012). Health impacts of yoga and pranayama: A state-of-the-art review. Int J Prev Med 3:444–458.
  • Seth, P. K., Nagar, N., Husain, R., Chandra, S. V. (1973). Effects of manganese on rabbit testes. Environ Physiol Biochem 3:263–267.
  • Sharma, S., Haridatta, V., Shastri, K. (Eds.). (1979). Suvarna Guna- Suvarna Vigyanam-25 /69–70, Rasa Tarangini. 11th ed. (pp. 375–376). Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas Delhi.
  • Shiau, C. Y., Wang, J. D., Chen, P. C. (2004). Decreased fecundity among male lead workers. Occup Environ Med 61:915–923.
  • Shrinivas, P. (1998). A clinical study on the role of svarna bhasma and vajeekara drugs in the management of sukra dushti. Jamnagar: MD thesis submitted to Gujrat Ayurved University.
  • Sinclair, S. (2000). Male infertility: nutritional and environmental considerations. Altern Med Rev 5:28–38.
  • Singh, P., Chand, D., Georgie, G. C. (1989). Effect of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in buffalo Bubalus bubalis. Ind J Exp Biol 27:14–16.
  • Sipowicz, M. A., Anderson, L. M., Utermahlen, W. E., Jr., Issaq, H. J., Kasprzak, K. S. (1997). Uptake and tissue distribution of chromium (III) in mice after a single intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration. Toxicol Lett 93:9–14.
  • Skandhan, K. P. (1981). Gold in human semen. Androlgia 18:78–82.
  • Skandhan, K. P. (1992). Review on copper in male reproduction and contraception. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 87:594–598.
  • Stinson, T. J., Jaw, S., Jeffery, E. H., Plewa, M. J. (1992). The relationship between nickel chloride-induced peroxidation and DNA strand breakage in rat liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 117:98–103.
  • Stoltenberg, M., Flyvbjerg, A., Søndergaard, L. G., Rungby, J. (2002). Decreased serum testosterone levels in rats exposed intraperitoneally to bismuth subnitrate. J Appl Toxicol 22:111–115.
  • Sutherland, J. E., Zhitkovich, A., Kluz, T., Costa, M. (2000). Rats retain chromium in testis following chronic ingestion of drinking water containing hexavalent chromium. Biol Trace Elem Res 74:41–53.
  • Telišman, S., Cvitkovíc, P., Jurasovíc, J., Pizent, A., Gavella, M., Rocíc, B. (2000). Semen quality and reproductive endocrine function in relation to biomarkers of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper in men. Environ Health Perspect 108:45–53.
  • Thaker, A. (2000). The role of svarna Bhasma and Kokilaksha in the management of Ksheena Sukra (Oligozoospermia) Jamnagar: PhD thesis submitted to Gujrat Ayurved University.
  • Thomas, J. W., Moss, S. (1951). The effect of orally administered molybdenum on growth, spermatogenesis, and testes histology of young dairy bulls. J Dairy Sci 34:929–934.
  • Tikkiwal, M., Ajmera, R. L., Mathur, N. K. (1987). Effect of zinc administration on seminal zinc and fertility of oligospermic males. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol 31:30–34.
  • Tripathi, V. I. (1998). Shrimada vagbhatacharya virachit rasaratna samucchyaa Savimarsha Rasaprabha hindi vyakhya. In: Giri, K. D. (Ed.), Arshrogadhikara/9, 10, 1st ed. (p. 172). Varanasi, India: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Bhavan.
  • Uche, F. I., Obianime, A. W., Gogo-Abite, M. (2008). Effects of vanadium pentoxide on the histological and sperm parameters of male guinea pigs. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 12:107–115
  • Venugopal, B., Luckey, T. D. (1978). Metal toxicity in mammals (vol 2, pp. 289–297). New York: Plenum.
  • Viskum, S., Rabjerg, L., Jørgensen, P. J., Grandjean, P. (1999). Improvement in semen quality associated with decreasing occupational lead exposure. Am J Ind Med 35:257–263.
  • Waalkes, M. P., Rehm, S. (1994). Cadmium and prostate cancer. J Toxicol Environ Health 43:251–269.
  • Waissmann, W. (2002). Health surveillance and endocrine disruptors. Cad Saúde Pública 18:511–517.
  • Wallace, E., Cooper, G. W., Calvin, H. I. (1983). Effects of selenium deficiency on the shape and arrangement of rodent sperm mitochondria. Gamete Res 4:389–399.
  • Watanabe, T., Endo, A. (1991) Effects of selenium deficiency on sperm morphology and spermatocyte chromosomes in mice. Mutat Res 262:93–99.
  • Wildt, K., Eliasson, R., Berlin, M. (1983). Effects of occupational exposure to lead on sperm and semen. In: Clarkson, T. W., Nordberg, G. F., Sager, P.R. (Eds.), Reproductive and developmental toxicity of metals (pp. 279–300). New York: Plenum.
  • Wirth, J. J., Rossano, M. G., Daly, D. C., Paneth, N., Puscheck, E., Potter, R. C., et al. (2007). Ambient manganese exposure is negatively associated with human sperm motility and concentration. Epidemiology 18:270–273.
  • Working, P. K. (1988). Male reproductive toxicology: comparison of the human to animal models. Environ Health Perspect 77:37–44.
  • Xia, T., Kovochich, M., Brant, J., Hotze, M., Sempf, J., Oberley, T., et al. (2006). Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Lett 8:1794–1807.
  • Xu, D. X., Shen, H. M., Zhu, Q. X., Chua, L., Wang, Q. N., Chia, S. E., et al. (2003). The associations among semen quality, oxidative DNA damage in human spermatozoa and concentrations of cadmium, lead, and selenium in seminal plasma. Mutat Res 534:155–163.
  • Yang, C. Y. (1998). Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 29:411–414.
  • Yesilli, C., Mungan, G., Seckiner, I., Akduman, B., Acikgoz, S., Altan, K., et al. (2005). Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm creatin kinase, HspA2 chaperone protein (creatine kinase-M type), LDH, LDH-X, and lipid peroxidation product levels in infertile men with varicocele. Urology 66:610–615.
  • Yokoi, K., Uthus, E. O., Nielsen, F. H. (2003). Nickel deficiency diminishes sperm quality and movement in rats. Biol Trace Element Res 93:141–153.
  • Zeng, X., Jin, T., Jiang, X., Kong, Q., Ye, T., Nordberg, G. F. (2004). Effects on the prostate of environmental cadmium exposure. Biometals 17:559–566.
  • Zeng, X., Jin, T., Zhou, Y., Kong, Q. (2002). Alterations of serum hormone levels in male workers occupationally exposed to cadmium. J Toxicol Environ Health A 65:513–521.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.