Psychological aspects of Turner syndrome

References

• Turner H. A syndrome of infantilism, congenital webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. Endocrinology 1938; 23: 566–74
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen J, Sillesen I. Incidence of chromosome aberrations among 11148 newborn children. Hum Genet 1975; 30: 1–12
   Google Scholar
• Hook E, Warburton D. The distribution of chromosomal genotypes associated with Turner's syndrome: livebirth prevalence rates and evidence for diminished fetal mortality and severity in genotypes associated with structural X abnormalities or mosaicism. Hum Genet 1983; 64: 24–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippe B. Turner Syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1991; 20: 121–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhausen H, Smith J. Cognitive development in Turner syndrome. Slow Grows the Child: Psychosocial Aspects of Growth Delay, B Stabler, L Underwood. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey 1986; 111–22
   Google Scholar
• Bender B, Puck M, Salbenblatt J, . Cognitive development of children with sex chromosome abnormalities. Psychoneuroendocrinology. Brain, Behavior, and Hormonal Interactions, C Holmes, et al. Springer-Verlag, New York 1990; 138–63
   Google Scholar
• Chen H, Faigenbaum D, Weiss H. Psychosocial aspects of patients with the Ullrich-Turner syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1981; 8: 191–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathisen B, Reilly S, Skuse D. Oral-motor dysfunction and feeding disorders of infants with Turner syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 1992; 34: 141–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swillen A, Fryns J, Kleczkowska A, et al. Intelligence, behaviour and psychological development in Turner syndrome. Genet Couns 1993; 4: 7–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen J, Nyborg H, Dahl G. Acta Jutlandica XLV Medicine Series 21. Def larde selskab i Åarhus, Århus, Denmark 1977
   Google Scholar
• McCauley E, Ito J, Kay T. Psychosocial functioning in girls with Turner's syndrome and short stature: social skills, behavior problems, and self concept. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1986; 25: 105–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rovet J. The psychoeducational characteristics of children with Turner syndrome. J Learn Disab 1993; 26: 333–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skuse D, Percy E, Stevenson J. Psychosocial functioning in the Turner syndrome: a national survey. Growth, Stature, and Adaptation. Behavioral, Social and Cognitive Aspects of Growth Delay, B Stabler, L Underwood. The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1994; 15–64
   Google Scholar
• McCauley E, Ross J, Kushner H, et al. Self-esteem and behavior in girls with Turner syndrome. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1995; 16: 82–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Money J, Mittenthal S. Lack of personality pathology in Turner's syndrome: relation to cytogenetics, hormones and physique. Behav Genet 1970; 1: 43–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen J, Sillesen I. Turner's syndrome in 115 Danish girls born between 1955 and 1966. Acta Jutlandica LIV Medicine Series 22. Def larde selskab i Åarhus, Århus Denmark 1981
   Google Scholar
• Darby P, Garfinkel P, Vale J, et al. Anorexia nervosa and ‘Turner syndrome’: cause or coincidence. Psychol Med 1981; 11: 141–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fieldsend B. Anorexia nervosa and Turner's syndrome. Br J Psych 1988; 152: 270–1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhs A, Lieberz K. Anorexia nervosa and Turner's syndrome. Psychopathology 1993; 26: 29–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinch M, Manthorpe T. Short stature as a possible etiological factor in anorexia nervosa. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 76: 328–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey J, Ehrhardt A, Gruen R, et al. Psychopathology and social functioning in women with Turner syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis 1989; 177: 191–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamrah J, Mackay M. Chronic psychosis in Turner's syndrome. Br J Psychiat 1989; 155: 857–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbain D, Vilasuso A. Case report. Exclusive adult lesbianism associated with Turner's syndrome mosaicism. Arch Sex Behav 1980; 9: 349–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbain D. Chronic psychosis in Turner's syndrome. Br J Psychiat 1990; 156: 745–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauley E, Sybert V, Ehrhardt A. Psychosocial adjustment of adult women with Turner syndrome. Clin Genet 1986; 29: 284–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baekgaard W, Nyborg H, Nielsen J. Neuroticism and extroversion in Turner's syndrome. J Abnorm Psychol 1978; 87: 583–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raboch J, Kobilková J, Horejsí J, et al. Sexual development and life of women with gonadal dysgenesis. J Sex Marital Ther 1987; 13: 117–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey J, Ehrhardt A, Gruen R, . Turner syndrome versus constitutional short stature: psychopathology and reactions to height. Slow Grows the Child; Psychosocial Aspects of Growth Delay, B Stabler, L Underwood, et al. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey 1986; 123–38
   Google Scholar
• Delooz J, Van den Berghe H, Swillen A, et al. Turner syndrome patients as adults: a study of their cognitive profile, psychosocial functioning and psychopathological findings. Genet Couns 1993; 4: 169–79
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pavlidis K, McCauley E, Sybert V. Psychosocial and sexual functioning in women with Turner syndrome. Clin Genet 1995; 47: 85–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sylvén L, Magnusson C, Hagenfeldt K, et al. Life with Turner's syndrome—a psychosocial report from 22 middle-aged women. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 129: 188–94
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Achenbach T. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 Profile. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT 1991
   Google Scholar
• Okada Y. The quality of life of Turner women in comparison with grown-up GH-deficient women. Endocr J 1994; 41: 345–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aran O, Galatzer A, Kauli R, et al. Social educational and vocational status of 48 young adult females with gonadal dysgenesis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1992; 36: 405–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang G. Bio-psycho-social aspects of gonadal dysgenesis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 1989; 10: 113–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sylvén L, Hagenfeldt K, Bröndum-Nielsen K, et al. Middle aged women with Turner's syndrome. Medical status, hormonal treatment and social life. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1991; 125: 359–65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konradsen B, Nielsen J. Follow-up study of 69 Turner women. Basic and Clinical Approach to Turner Syndrome, I Hibi, K Takano. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 1993; 177–83
   Google Scholar
• Berch D, McCauley E. Psychosocial functioning of individuals with sex chromosome abnormalities. Psychoneuroendocrinology. Brain, Behavior and Hormonal Interactions, C Holmes. Springer-Verlag, New York 1990; 164–83
   Google Scholar
• Ehrhardt A, Greenberg N, Money J. Female gender identity and absence of fetal gonadal hormones: Turner syndrome. Johns Hopkins Med J 1970; 126: 237–18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taipale V. Adolescence in Turner syndrome. Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Vaasa 1979
   Google Scholar
• Downey J, Ehrhardt A, Morishima A, et al. Gender role development in two clinical syndromes: Turner syndrome versus constitutional short stature. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiat 1987; 26: 566–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holl R, Kunze D, Etzrodt H, et al. Turner syndrome: final height, glucose tolerance, bone density and psychosocial status in 25 adult patients. Eur J Pediatr 1994; 153: 11–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blin J, Bühren A. New aspects of counselling and care of patients afflicted with Ullrich-Turner-Syndrome. Results of a pilot project. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 1990; 11: 91–100
   Google Scholar
• Mullins L, Lynch J, Orten J, et al. Developing a program to assist Turner's syndrome patients and families. Soc Work Health Care 1991; 16: 69–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender B, Linden M, Robinsson A. Environment and developmental risk in children with sex chromosome abnormalities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiat 1987; 26: 499–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad H, Wilkins L. Congenital anomalies associated with gonadal aplasia: review of 55 cases. Pediatrics 1959; 23: 885–902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garron D. Intelligence among persons with Turner syndrome. Behav Genet 1977; 7: 105–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berch D. Psychological aspects of Turner syndrome. Adolescent and Pediatric Gynecology 1989; 2: 175–80
   Google Scholar
• Van Dyke D, Wiktor A, Palmer C, et al. Ullrich-Turner syndrome with a small ring X chromosome and presence of mental retardation. Am J Med Genet 1992; 43: 996–1005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander D, Walker H, Money J. Studies in direction sense: I Turner's syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiat 1964; 10: 337–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rovet J, Netley C. Processing deficits in Turner syndrome. Develop Psychol 1982; 18: 77–94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised Manual. The Psychological Corporation, USA 1992
   Google Scholar
• Pennington B, Bender B, Puck M, et al. Learning disabilities in children with sex chromosome anomalies. Child Dev 1982; 53: 1182–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennington B, Heaton R, Kartzmark P, et al. The neuropsychological phenotype in Turner syndrome. Cortex 1985; 21: 39–404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey J, Elkin E, Ehrhardt A, et al. Cognitive ability and everyday functioning in women with Turner syndrome. J Leant Disabil 1991; 24: 32–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temple C, Carney R. Intellectual functioning of children with Turner syndrome: a comparison of behavioural phenotypes. Dev Med Child Neurol 1993; 35: 691–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy D, De Carli C, Daly E, et al. X-chromosome effects on female brain: a magnetic resonance imaging study of Turner's syndrome. Lancet 1993; 342: 1197–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams J, Richman L, Yarbrough D. Comparison of visual-spatial performance strategy training in children with Turner syndrome and learning disabilities. J Learn Disabil 1992; 25: 658–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rovet J, Szekely C, Hockenberry M. Specific arithmetic calculation deficits in children with Turner syndrome J. Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1994; 16: 820–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauley E, Kay T, Ito J, et al. The Turner syndrome: cognitive deficits, affective discrimination, and behavior problems. Child Dev 1987; 58: 464–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen J. What more can be done for girls and women with Turner's syndrome and their parents?. Acta Paediatr Scand 1989; 356: 93–100, (suppl 356)
   Google Scholar
• Tesch L. Benefits of support groups for those affected by Turner syndrome and the associated medical community. Basic and Clinical Approach to Turner Syndrome, I Hibi, K Takano. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 1993; 185–92
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen J, Stradiot M. Transcultural study of Turner syndrome. Clin Genet 1987; 32: 260–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson M, Money J. Behavior cytogenetics and Turner's syndrome: a new principle in counseling and psychotherapy. Am J Psychother 1975; 29: 166–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loughlin E. Why was I born among mirrors? Therapeutic dance for teenage girls and women with Turner syndrome. Am J Dance Ther 1993; 15: 107–24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skuse D. The psychological consequences of being small. J Child Psychol Psychiat 1987; 28: 641–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood L. Social cost of being short: Societal perceptions and biases. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991; 377(Suppl 377)3–8
   Google Scholar
• Stabler B, Clopper R, Siegel P, et al. Academic achievement and psychological adjustment in short children. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1994; 15: 1–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandberg D, Brook A, Campos S. Short stature: a psychological burden requiring growth hormone therapy?. Pediatrics 1994; 94: 832–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albertsson-Wikland K, Ranke M. Turner Syndrome in a Life-Span Perspective. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1995
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson K, Albertsson-Wikland K, Alm J, et al. Improved final height in girls with Turner's syndrome treated with growth hormone and oxandrolone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 635–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huisman J, Slijper F, Sinnema G, . Psychosocial functioning and effects of growth hormone treatment in Turner syndrome. Basic and Clinical Approach to Turner Syndrome, I Hibi, K Takano, et al. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 1993; 157–61
   Google Scholar
• Rovet J, Holland J. Psychological aspects of the Canadian randomized controlled trial of human growth hormone and low-dose ethinyl oestradiol in children with Turner syndrome. Horm Res 1993; 39: 60–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cianfarani S, Vaccaro F, Boscherini B. What is the rationale for growth hormone therapy in Turner's syndrome?. Lancet 1994; 344: 114–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neely E. Estrogen for feminization: a review. Turner Syndrome in a Life-Span Perspective, K Albertsson-Wikland, M Ranke. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1995; 219–26
   Google Scholar
• Doman A, Zuttermeister P, Friedman R. The psychological impact of infertility: a comparison with patients with other medical conditions. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 1993; 14: 45–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vockrodt L, Williams J. A reproductive option for women with Turner's syndrome. J Pediatr Nurs 1994; 9: 32–5
   Google Scholar
• Orten J, Orten J. Achievement among women with Turner's syndrome. Earn Soc 1992; 73: 424–31
   Google Scholar
• Erling A, Wiklund I, Albertsson-Wikland K. Prepubertal children with short stature have a different perception of their well-being and stature than their parents. Qual Life Res 1994; 3: 425–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach T, McConaughy S, Howell C. Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychol Bull 1987; 101: 213–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orten J. Coming up short: the physical, cognitive, and social effects of Turner's syndrome. Health Soc Work 1990; 15: 100–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinel J. Biopsychology. Allyn and Bacon, Boston 1993
   Google Scholar
• Moir A, Jessel D. Brain Sex—The Real Difference Between Men and Women. Michael Joseph Ltd, London 1989
   Google Scholar