REFERENCES
- Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, Lamy M, Legall JR, Morris A, Spragg R: The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149(3 Pt 1):818–824.
- Wheeler AP, Bernard GR: Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a clinical review. Lancet. 2007;369:1553–1564.
- Niederman MS, Fein AM: Sepsis syndrome, the adult respiratory distress syndrome, and nosocomial pneumonia. A common clinical sequence. Clin Chest Med. 1990;11:633–656.
- Opitz B, van Laak V, Eitel J, Suttorp N: Innate immune recognition in infectious and noninfectious diseases of the lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:1294–1309.
- Mukhopadhyay S, Hoidal JR, Mukherjee TK: Role of TNFalpha in pulmonary pathophysiology. Respir Res. 2006; 7:125.
- Lee WL, Downey GP: Neutrophil activation and acute lung injury. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2001;7:1–7.
- Agouridakis P, Kyriakou D, Alexandrakis MG, Prekates A, Perisinakis K, Karkavitsas N, Bouros D: The predictive role of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines and adhesion molecules for acute respiratory distress syndrome development and outcome. Respir Res. 2002;3:25.
- Kiehl MG, Ostermann H, Thomas M, Muller C, Cassens U, Kienast J: Inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma in leukocytopenic patients with septic shock-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 1998;26:1194–1199.
- Meduri GU, Kohler G, Headley S, Tolley E, Stentz F, Postlethwaite A: Inflammatory cytokines in the BAL of patients with ARDS. Persistent elevation over time predicts poor outcome. Chest. 1995;108:1303–1314.
- Bouros D, Alexandrakis MG, Antoniou KM, Agouridakis P, Pneumatikos I, Anevlavis S, Pataka A, Patlakas G, Karkavitsas N, Kyriakou D: The clinical significance of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cytokines in patients at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMC Pulm Med. 2004;4:6.
- Pue CA, Pacht ER: Complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy at a university hospital. Chest. 1995;107:430–432.
- Ward C, Fenwick J, Booth H, Walters EH: Albumin is not suitable as a marker of bronchoalveolar lavage dilution in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:2029–2033.
- Shure D: Transbronchial biopsy and needle aspiration. Chest. 1989;95:1130–1138.
- Horvath I, Hunt J, Barnes PJ, Alving K, Antczak A, Baraldi E, Becher G, van Beurden WJ, Corradi M, Dekhuijzen R, Dweik RA, Dwyer T, Effros R, Erzurum S, Gaston B, Gessner C, Greening A, Ho LP, Hohlfeld J, Jobsis Q, Laskowski D, Loukides S, Marlin D, Montuschi P, Olin AC, Redington AE, Reinhold P, van Rensen EL, Rubinstein I, Silkoff P, Toren K, Vass G, Vogelberg C, Wirtz H: Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:523–548.
- Desouza IA, Franco-Penteado CF, Camargo EA, Lima CS, Teixeira SA, Muscara MN, De Nucci G, Antunes E: Acute pulmonary inflammation induced by exposure of the airways to staphylococcal enterotoxin type B in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006;217:107–113.
- Zheng H, Liu Y, Huang T, Fang Z, Li G, He S: Development and characterization of a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by sidestream cigarette smoke. Toxicol Lett. 2009;189:225–234.
- Jackson AS, Sandrini A, Campbell C, Chow S, Thomas PS, Yates DH: Comparison of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:222–227.
- Wilhelm J, Frydrychova M, Vizek M: Hydrogen peroxide in the breath of rats: the effects of hypoxia and paraquat. Physiol Res. 1999;48:445–449.
- Hitka P, Vizek M, Wilhelm J: Hypoxia and reoxygenation increase H2O2 production in rats. Exp Lung Res. 2003;29: 585–592.