6,021
Views
43
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
EVIDENCE TO PRACTICE COMMENTARY

Relationships Between Fine-Motor, Visual-Motor, and Visual Perception Scores and Handwriting Legibility and Speed

, , &
Pages 103-114 | Published online: 29 Dec 2010

REFERENCES

  • Alberta Education. (2010). Curriculum handbooks for parents 2010–2011. Retrieved August 3, 2010, from http://www.education.alberta.ca/parents/resources/handbook.aspx
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Amundson, S. J. (2001). Prewriting and handwriting skills. In J. Case-Smith (Ed.), Occupational therapy for children—4th edition (pp. 545–566). St Louis, MI: Mosby.
  • Beery, K. E. (1989). The developmental test of visual-motor integration. Cleveland, OH: Modern Curriculum Press.
  • Beery, K. E., Buktenica, N. A., & Beery, N. A. (2004). The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration 5th edition. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson.
  • Berninger, V. W. (2000). Development of language by hand and its connections with language by ear, mouth, and eye. Topics in Language Disorders, 20, 65–84.
  • Blote, A. W., & Hamstra-Bletz, L. (1991). A longitudinal study on the structure of handwriting. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72, 983–994.
  • Bruininks, R. H. (1978). Bruininks–Oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Circle Pine, MN: American Guidance Service.
  • Cornhill, H., & Case-Smith, J. (1996). Factors that relate to good and poor handwriting. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 50, 732–739.
  • Feder, K., Majnemer, A., & Synnes, A. (2000). Handwriting: Current trends in occupational therapy practice. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67, 197–204.
  • Gardner, M. F. (1982). Test of visual-perceptual skills (non-motor). Hydesville, CA: Psychological and Educational Publications.
  • Gardner, M. F. (1996). TVPS-R: Test of visual-perceptual skills (n-m) revised—Manual. Hydesville, CA: Psychological and Educational Publications.
  • Graham, S. (1990). The role of production factors in learning disabled students’ compositions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 781–791.
  • Graham, S., Harris, K. R., & Fink, B. (2000). Is handwriting causally related to learning to write? Treatment of handwriting problems in beginning writers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 620–633.
  • Graham, S., Weintraub, N., & Berninger, V. (2001). Which manuscript letters do primary grade children write legibly? Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 488–497.
  • Hammerschmidt, S. L., & Sudsawad, P. (2004). Teachers’ survey on problems with handwriting: Referral, evaluation, and outcomes. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58, 185–192.
  • Hamstra-Bletz, L., & Blote, A. W. (1993). A longitudinal study on dysgraphic handwriting in primary school. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 689–699.
  • Jones, D., & Christensen, C. A. (1999). Relationship between automaticity in handwriting and students’ ability to generate written text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 44–49.
  • Kaplan, B. J., Wilson, B. N., Dewey, D., & Crawford, S. G. (1998). DCD may not be a discrete disorder. Human Movement Science, 17, 471–490.
  • Karlsdottir, R., & Stefansson, T. (2002). Problems in developing functional handwriting. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94, 623–662.
  • Kooistra, L., Crawford, S., Dewey, D., Cantell, M., & Kaplan, B. J. (2005). Motor correlates of ADHD: Contribution of reading disability and oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38, 195–206.
  • Munro, B. H. (2005). Statistical methods for health care research— 5th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Polatajko, H. J., Mandich, A., & Martini, R. (2000). Dynamic performance analysis: A framework for understanding occupational performance. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54, 65–72.
  • Pollock, N., Lockhart, J., Blowes, B., Semple, K., Webster, M., Farhat, L., et al. (2009). The McMaster handwriting assessment protocol—2nd edition. Hamilton, ON: CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research.
  • Preminger, F., Weiss, P. L., & Weintraub, N. (2004). Predicting occupational performance: Handwriting versus keyboarding. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58, 193–201.
  • Richards, R. G. (1984). Visual skills appraisal. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
  • Tseng, M. H., & Cermak, S. A. (1991). The evaluation of handwriting in children. Sensory Integration Quarterly, 19, 1–6.
  • Tseng, M. H., & Chow, S. M. K. (2000). Perceptual-motor function of school-age children with slow handwriting speed. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54, 83–88.
  • Tseng, M. H., & Murray, E. A. (1994). Differences in perceptual-motor measures in children with good and poor handwriting. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 14, 19–36.
  • Ziviani, J., & Elkins, J. (1984). An evaluation of handwriting performance. Educational Review, 36, 249–261.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.