Interrupted Time Series Design: A Useful Approach for Studying Interventions Targeting Participation

REFERENCES

• Anaby D, Law M, Hanna S, DeMatteo C. (2012). Predictors of chance in participation rates following Acquired Brain Injury: Results of a longitudinal study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 54:339–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Rezze DB, Law M, Eva K, Pollock N, Gorter JW. (2013). Development of a generic fidelity measure for rehabilitation intervention research for children with physical disabilities. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 55:737–744. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel-Yeger B, Jarus T, Anaby D, Law M. (2009). Differences in patterns of participation between youths with cerebral palsy and typically developing peers. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 63:96–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilligan C, Sanson-Fisher R, Shakeshaft A. (2010). Appropriate research designs for evaluating community-level alcohol interventions: What next? Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 45:481–487.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins NG, Sanson-Fisher RW, Shakeshaft A, D'Este C, Green LW. (2007). The multiple baseline design for evaluating population-based research. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 33:162–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeppner BB, Goodwin MS, Velicer WF, Heltshe J. (2007). An applied example of pooled time series analysis: Cardiovascular reactivity to stressors in children with autism. Multivariate Behavioral Research 42:707–727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn SD, Gassaway J. (2007). Practice-based evidence study design for comparative effectiveness research. Medical Care 45:S50–S57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huitema BE, McKean JW. (1991). Autocorrelation estimation and inference with small samples. Psychological Bulletin Psychological Bulletin 110:291–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iglehart JK. (2009). Prioritizing comparative-effectiveness research—IOM recommendations. The New England Journal of Medicine 361:325–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston MV, Smith RO. (2010). Single subject designs: Current methodologies and future directions. OTJR Occupation, Participation and Health, 30:4–10.
   Google Scholar
• Jones CJ, Nesselroade JR. (1990). Multivariate, replicated, single-subject, repeated measures designs and p-technique factor analysis: A review of intraindividual change studies. Experimental Aging Research 16:171–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King G, Law M, Hanna S, King S, Hurley P, Rosenbaum P, et al. (2006). Predictors of the leisure and recreation participation of children with physical disabilities: A structural equation modeling analysis. Childrens Health Care 35:209–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King G, Law M, Hurley P, Petrenchik T, Schwellnus H. (2010). A developmental comparison of the out-of-school recreation and leisure activity participation of boys and girls with and without physical disabilities. International Journal of Disability Development and Education 57:77–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King G, Law M, King S, Hurley P, Hanna S, Kertoy M, et al. (2004). Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
   Google Scholar
• King G, McDougall J, DeWit D, Petrenchik T, Hurley P, Law M. (2009). Predictors of change over time in the activity participation of children and youth with physical disabilities. Childrens Health Care 38:321–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King GA, Law M, King S, Hurley P, Hanna S, Kertoy M, Rosenbaum P. (2007). Measuring children's participation in recreation and leisure activities: Construct validation of the CAPE and PAC. Child: Care, Health & Development 33:28–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammi BM, Law M. (2003). The effects of family-centred functional therapy on the occupational performance of children with cerebral palsy. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 70:285–297.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larson RW, Verma S. (1999). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: Work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin 125:701–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law M, Anaby D, Dematteo C, Hanna S. (2011). Participation patterns of children with acquired brain injury. Brain Injury 25:587–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law M, Baptiste S, Carswell A, McColl MA, Polatajko H, Pollock N. (2005). Canadian occupational performance measure (Vol. 4). Ottowa, ON: CAOT Publications ACE.
   Google Scholar
• Law M, Darrah J, Pollock N, Wilson B, Russell DJ, Walter SD, et al. (2011). Focus on function: a cluster, randomized controlled trial comparing child- versus context-focused intervention for young children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 53:621–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan LR, Hickman RR, Harris SR, Heriza CB. (2008). Single-subject research design: Recommendations for levels of evidence and quality rating. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 50:99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luce BR, Kramer JM, Goodman SN, Connor JT, Tunis S, Whicher D, Schwartz JS. (2009). Rethinking randomized clinical trials for comparative effectiveness research: The need for transformational change. Annals of Internal Medicine 151:206–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majnemer A, Shikako-Thomas K, Chokron N, Law M, Shevell M, Chilingaryan G, et al. (2010). Leisure activity preferences for 6-to 12-year-old children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 52:167–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nesselroade JR, Ram N. (2004). Studying intraindividual variability: What we have learned that will help us understand lives in context. Research in Human Development 1:9–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Østensjø S, Brogren Carlberg E, Vøllestad NK. (2003). Everyday functioning in young children with cerebral palsy: functional skills, caregiver assistance, and modifications of the environment. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 45(09):603–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottenbacher KJ. (1986). Evaluating clinical change: Strategies for occupational and physical therapists. Baltimore, MD, USA: Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Palisano RJ, Chiarello LA, King GA, Novak I, Stoner T, Fiss A. (2012). Participation-based therapy for children with physical disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation 34:1041–1051:217–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patsopoulos NA. (2011). A pragmatic view on pragmatic trials. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 13:217–224.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramsay CR, Matowe L, Grilli R, Grimshaw JM, Thomas RE. (2003). Interrupted time series designs in health technology assessment: Lessons from two systematic reviews of behavior change strategies. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 19:613–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochette A, Korner-Bitensky N, Levasseur M. (2006). ‘Optimal’ participation: A reflective look. Disability & Rehabilitation 28:1231–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacristán JA. (2013). Patient-centered medicine and patient-oriented research: improving health outcomes for individual patients. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 13(1):2–8.
   Google Scholar
• Salem Y, Godwin EM. (2009). Effects of task-oriented training on mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabilitation 24:307–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shadish R, Cook D, Campbell T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-experimental designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage learning.
   Google Scholar
• Shadish WR, Rindskopf DM. (2007). Methods for evidence-based practice: Quantitative synthesis of single-subject designs. New Directions for Evaluation, 2007:95–109.
   Google Scholar
• Silverman SL. (2009). From randomized controlled trials to observational studies. The American Journal of Medicine 122:114–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velicer WF, Fava JL. (2003). Time Series Analysis. In JV Schinka, WF Velicer (Eds.), Research Methods in Psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 581–606). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Verkerk GJQ, Wolf MJMAG, Louwers AM, Meester-Delver A, Nollet, F. (2006). The reproducibility and validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in parents of children with disabilities. Clinical Rehabilitation 20:980–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner A, Soumerai S, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan, D. (2002). Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27:299–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar