A systematic review and meta-analysis of surgeries performed for treating deep-seated cerebral cavernous malformations

References

• Brown RD Jr, Flemming KD, Meyer FB, Cloft HJ, Pollock BE, Link ML. Natural history, evaluation, and management of intracranial vascular malformations. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80: 269–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Josephson CB, Leach JP, Duncan R, et al. Seizure risk from cavernous or arteriovenous malformations: prospective population-based study. Neurology 2011;76:1548–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathiesen T, Edner G, Kihlstrom L. Deep and brainstem cavernomas: a consecutive 8-year series. J Neurosurg 2003;99: 31–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maraire JN, Awad IA. Intracranial cavernous malformations: lesion behavior and management strategies. Neurosurgery 1995; 37:591–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross BA, Batjer HH, Awad IA, Bendok BR. Brainstem cavernous malformations. Neurosurgery 2009;64:E805–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupersmith MJ, Kalish H, Epstein F, et al. Natural history of brainstem cavernous malformations. Neurosurgery 2001;48: 47–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg GK, Chang SD, Gewirtz RJ, Lopez JR. Microsurgical resection of brainstem, thalamic, and basal ganglia angiographically occult vascular malformations. Neurosurgery 2000;46:260–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter RW, Detwiler PW, Spetzler RF, et al. Cavernous malformations of the brainstem: experience with 100 patients. J Neurosurg 1999;90:50–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantore G, Missori P, Santoro A. Cavernous angiomas of the brain stem. Intra-axial anatomical pitfalls and surgical strategies. Surg Neurol 1999;52:84–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sindou M, Yada J, Salord F. Functional results after microsurgical resection of brain stem cavernous malformations (retrospective study of a 12 patient series and review of the recent literature). Acta Neurochir 2000;142:843–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samii M, Eghbal R, Carvalho GA, Matthies C. Surgical management of brainstem cavernomas. J Neurosurg 2001;95:825–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandalcioglu IE, Wiedemayer H, Secer S, Asgari S, Stolke D. Surgical removal of brain stem cavernous malformations: surgical indications, technical considerations, and results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:351–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertalanffy H, Benes L, Miyazawa T, Alberti O, Siegel AM, Sure U. Cerebral cavernomas in the adult. Review of the literature and analysis of 72 surgically treated patients. Neurosurg Rev 2002;25:1–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CC, Liu LA, Zhang JT, Sun B, Zhao YL. Surgical management of brain-stem cavernous malformations: report of 137 cases. Surg Neurol 2003;59:444–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuta K, Nozaki K, Takahashi JA, Miyamoto S, Kikuchi H, Hashimoto N. Postoperative evaluation of microsurgical resection for cavernous malformations of the brainstem. J Neurosurg 2004;101:607–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferroli P, Sinisi M, Franzini A, Giombini S, Solero CL, Broggi G. Brainstem cavernomas: long-term results of microsurgical resection in 52 patients. Neurosurgery 2005;56:1203–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zausinger S, Yousry I, Brueckmann H, Schmid-Elsaesser R, Tonn JC. Cavernous malformations of the brainstem: three-dimensional-constructive interference in steady-state magnetic resonance imaging for improvement of surgical approach and clinical results. Neurosurgery 2006;58:322–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruneau M, Bijlenga P, Reverdin A, et al. Early surgery for brainstem cavernomas. Acta Neurochir 2006;148:405–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sola RG, Pulido P, Pastor J, Ochoa M, Castedo J. Surgical treatment of symptomatic cavernous malformations of the brainstem. Acta Neurochir 2007;149:463–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves de SA. Deep-seated (corpus callosum, intraventricular, basal ganglia and insula) and brain stem cavernous angiomas. Experience in Brazil. Neurochirurgie 2007;53:182–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nataf F, Roux FX, Devaux B, et al. Brainstem cavernomas: surgical experience at the CH Sainte-Anne general hospital. Neurochirurgie 2007;53:192–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cenzato M, Stefini R, Ambrosi C, Giovanelli M. Post-operative remnants of brainstem cavernomas: incidence, risk factors and management. Acta Neurochir 2008;150:879–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang AP, Chen JS, Yang CC, et al. Brain stem cavernous malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2010;17:74–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Ju Y, Cai BW, Chen J, You C, Hui XH. Experience of microsurgical treatment of brainstem cavernomas: report of 37 cases. Neurol India 2009;57:269–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauck EF, Barnett SL, White JA, Samson D. Symptomatic brainstem cavernomas. Neurosurgery 2009;64:61–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohue S, Fukushima T, Kumon Y, Ohnishi T, Friedman AH. Surgical management of brainstem cavernomas: selection of approaches and microsurgical techniques. Neurosurg Rev 2010;33:315–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Zhao Y, Zhou L, Zhu W, Pan Z, Mao Y. Surgical strategies in treating brainstem cavernous malformations. Neurosurgery 2011;68:609–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramina R, Mattei TA, de Aguiar PH, et al. Surgical management of brainstem cavernous malformations. Neurol Sci 2011;32:1013–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menon G, Gopalakrishnan CV, Rao BR, Nair S, Sudhir J, Sharma M. A single institution series of cavernomas of the brainstem. J Clin Neurosci 2011;18:1210–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Zhang J, Hao S, et al. Surgical treatment and long-term outcomes of thalamic cavernous malformations. World Neurosurg 2013;79:704–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mai JC, Ramanathan D, Kim LJ, Sekhar LN. Surgical resection of cavernous malformations of the brainstem: evolution of a minimally invasive technique. World Neurosurg 2013;79:691–703.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sabatino G, Rigante L, Marchese E, et al. Anterior subtemporal approach for posterolateral brainstem cavernomas: report of ten cases. Acta Neurochir 2012;154:2009–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Aguiar PH, Zicarelli CA, Isolan G, et al. Brainstem cavernomas: a surgical challenge. Einstein 2012;10:67–73.
   Google Scholar
• Bradac O, Majovsky M, de Lacy P, Benes V. Surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155:2079–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz C, Grillhösl A, Schichor C, et al. Symptomatic cavernous malformations of the brainstem: functional outcome after microsurgical resection. J Neurol 2013;260:2815–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Yang Y, Hao SY, et al. Hemorrhage risk, surgical management, and functional outcome of brainstem cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg 2013;119:996–1008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chotai S, Qi S, Xu S. Prediction of outcomes for brainstem cavernous malformation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013;115:2117–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frischer JM, Gatterbauer B, Holzer S, et al. Microsurgery and radiosurgery for brainstem cavernomas: effective and complementary treatment options. World Neurosurg 2014;81:520–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LH, Zhang HT, Chen L, Liu LX, Xu RX. Minimally invasive resection of brainstem cavernous malformations: surgical approaches and clinical experiences with 38 patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014;116:72–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey P, Westbroek EM, Gooderham PA, Steinberg GK. Cavernous malformation of brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia: a series of 176 patients. Neurosurgery 2013;72:573–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkler D, Lindner D, Strauss G, Richter A, Schober R, Meixensberger J. Surgery of cavernous malformations with and without navigational support–a comparative study. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2006;49:15–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffau H. Intraoperative direct subcortical stimulation for identification of the internal capsule, combined with an image-guided stereotactic system during surgery for basal ganglia lesions. Surg Neurol 2000;53:250–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adeolu AA. Safe surgical approach to deep pontomedullary cavernoma: an iMRI-assisted resection. Neurol India 2005;53: 121–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Weigel D, Ganslandt O, Fahlbusch R, Buchfelder M, Nimsky C. Diffusion tensor-based fiber tracking and intraoperative neuronavigation for the resection of a brainstem cavernous angioma. Surg Neurol 2007;68:285–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Shahi Salman R, Hall JM, Horne MA, et al. Untreated clinical course of cerebral cavernous malformations: a prospective, population-based cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:217–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poorthuis M, Samarasekera N, Kontoh K, et al. Comparative studies of the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral cavernous malformations in adults: systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013;155:643–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar