Active rehabilitation for children who are slow to recover following sport-related concussion

References

• Schulz MR, Marshall SW, Mueller FO, Yang J, Weaver NL, Kalsbeek WD, Bowling JM. Incidence and risk factors for concussion in high school athletes, North Carolina, 1996–1999. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004; 160: 937–944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ. Peloso, PM, Borg J, von Holst H, Holm L, Kraus J, Coronado VG. Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2004, (suppl 43): 28–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boden BP, Kirkendall DT, Garrett WE, Jr. Concussion incidence in elite College soccer players. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1998; 26: 238–241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guskiewicz K. Postural stability assessment following concussion: One piece of the puzzle. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2001; 11: 182–189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson GL. Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2005; 18: s301–s317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell M, Collins MW, Iverson GL, Field M, Maroon JC, Cantu RC, Podell K, Powell JW, Belza M, Fu FH. Recovery from mild concussion in high school athletes. Journal of Neurosurgery 2003; 98: 296–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis G, McCrory P. Paediatric sport related concussion pilot study. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2005; 39
   Google Scholar
• McClincy MP, Lovell M, Pardini J, Collins MW, Spore MK. Recovery from sports concussion in high school and collegiate athletes. Brain Injury 2006; 20: 33–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theye F, Mueller KA. ‘Heads up’: Concussions in high school sports. Clinical Medicine & Research 2004; 2: 165–171
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Canadian Pediatric Society. Identification and management of children with sport-related concussion. Pediatric and Child Health 2006; 11: 420–428
   Google Scholar
• McCrory P, Johnston KM, Meeuwisse W, Aubry M, Cantu R, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, Kelly JP, Lovell M, Schamasch P. Summary and agreement statement of the 2nd International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Prague 2004. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2005; 39(suppl 1)i78–i86
   Google Scholar
• Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, Holm L, Kraus J, Coronado VGJ. Methodological issues and research recommendations for mild traumatic brain injury: The WHO collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2004, suppl 43: 113–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec. Orientations ministérielles pour le traumatisme craniocérébral léger. Quebec, QC: Gouvernement du Québec; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Guskiewicz KM, Bruce SL, Cantu RC, Ferrara MS, Kelly JP, McCrea M, Putukian M, Valovich TC. Research based recommendations on management of sports related concussion: Summary of the National Athletic Trainers’ Association position statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2006; 40: 6–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson GL, Brooks BL, Azevedo A, Gaetz M. Modifying the British Columbia Concussion Rehabilitation Program for use with injured adults with the post-concussion syndrome. Brain Injury Conference of the Americas. Miami, FL 2006
   Google Scholar
• Willer B, Leddy J. Management of concussion and post-concussion syndrome. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 2006; 8: 415–426
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan RCK. Base rate of post-concussion symptoms among normal people and its neuropsychological correlates. Clinical Rehabilitation 2001; 15: 266–273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson GL. Misdiagnosis of the persistent postconcussion syndrome in patients with depression. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2006; 21: 303–310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson GL, Zasler ND, Lange RT. Post-concussive disorder. Brain injury medicine: Principles and practice, ND Zasler, DI Katz, RD Zafonte. Demos Medical Publishing, New York 2006; 373–405
   Google Scholar
• Manuel JC, Shilt JS, Curl WW, Smith JA, Drant RH, Lester L, Sinal SH. Coping with sports injuries: An examination of the adolescent athlete. Journal of Adolescent Health 2002; 31: 391–393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker N, Thatcher J, Lavallee D. Psychological responses to injury in competitive sport: A critical review. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 2007; 127: 174–180
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Podlog L, Eklund RC. The psychosocial aspects of a return to sport following serious injury: A review of the literature from a self-determination perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2007; 8: 535–566
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nippert AH, Smith AM. Psychologic stress related to injury and impact on sport performance. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 2008; 19: 399–418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese-bjornstal DM, Smith AM, Shaffer SM, Morrey MA. An integrated model of response to sport injury: Psychological and sociological dynamics. Journal of applied sport psychology 1998; 10: 46–69
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg RS, Gould D. Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL 2007
   Google Scholar
• Tracey J. The emotional response to the injury and rehabilitation process. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 2003; 15: 279–293
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman JP. Returning to play: The mind does matter. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2005; 15: 432–435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead GE, Morley W, Campbell P, Greig CA, McMurdo M, Lawlor DA. Exercise for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, 3, Art. No.:CD004366
   Google Scholar
• Chen CC, Johnston KM, Frey S, Petrides M, Worsley KJ, Ptito A. Functional abnormalities in symptomatic concussed athletes: An fMRI study. NeuroImage 2004; 22: 68–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JK, Johnston KM, Petrides M, Ptito A. Neural substrates of symptoms of depression following concussion in male athletes with persisting postconcussion symptoms. Archives of General Psychiatry 2008; 65: 81–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griesbach GS, Hovda DA, Gomez-Pinilla F, Sutton RL. Voluntary exercise or amphetamine treatment, but not the combination, increases hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor and synapsin I following cortical contusion injury in rats. Neuroscience 2008; 154: 530–540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griesbach GS, Hovda DA, Molteni R, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F. Voluntary exercise following traumatic brain injury: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation and recovery of function. Neuroscience Letters 2004; 125: 129–139
   Google Scholar
• Griesbach GS, Gomez-Pinilla F, Hovda DA. Time window for voluntary exercise—induced increases in hippocampal neuroplasticity molecules after traumatic brain injury is severity dependent. Journal of Neurotrauma 2007; 24: 1161–1171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagnon I, Swaine B, Friedman D, Forget R. Children demonstrate decreased dynamic balance following a mild traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004; 85: 444–452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagnon I, Swaine B, Friedman D, Forget R. Visuomotor response time in children with a mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2004; 19: 391–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagnon I, Swaine B, Friedman D, Forget R. Exploring children's self-efficacy related to physical activity performance after a mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2005; 20: 436–449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruininks BD, Bruininks RH. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. 2nd Ed (BOT-2). American Guidance Service, Circle Pines, MN 2006
   Google Scholar
• Lovell MR, Collins MW. Neuropsychological assessment of the college football player. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1998; 13: 9–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1986
   Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman, New-York 1997
   Google Scholar
• Gagnon I, Swaine B, Friedman D, Forget R. Mild traumatic brain injury affects children's self-efficacy related to their physical activity performance. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2005; 20: 446–459
   Google Scholar
• Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, Peloso PM, Borg J, von Holst H, Holm L, Paniak C, Pépin M. Prognosis for mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO collaborating center task force on mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2004, suppl 43: 84–105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lovell MR, Iverson GL, Collins MW, Podell K, Johnston KM, Pardini D, Pardini J, Norwig J, Maroon JC. Measurement of symptoms following sports-related concussion: Reliability and normative data for the post-concussion scale. Applied Neuropsychology 2006; 13: 166–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aubry M, Cantu R, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, Johnston KM, Kelly J, Lovell M, McCrory P, Meeuwisse WH, Schamasch P. Summary and agreement statement of the 1st International Symposium on Concussion in Sport, Vienna 2001. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2002; 12: 6–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christie BR, Eadie BD, Kannangara TS, Robillard JM, Shin J, Titterness AK. Exercising our brains: How physical activity impacts synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus. Neuromolecular Medicine 2008; 10: 47–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vaynman S, Gomez-Pinilla F. License to run: Exercise impacts functional plasticity in the intact and injured central nervous system by using neurotrophins. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 2005; 19: 283–295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Praag H. Neurogenesis and exercise: Past and future directions. Neuromolecular Medicine 2008; 10: 128–140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duman RS. Neurotrophic factors and regulation of mood: Role of exercise, diet and metabolism. Neurobiology of Aging 2005; 26(suppl 1)88–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Penninx BW, Rejeski WJ, Pandya J, Miller ME, Di Bari M, Applegate WB, Pahor M. Exercise and depressive symptoms: A comparison of aerobic and resistance exercise effects on emotional and physical function in older persons with high and low depressive symptomatology. Journal of Gerontology B: Psychological Science and Social Science 2002; 57: 124–132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn A, Trivedi MH, Kampert JB, Clark CJ, Chambliss HO. Exercise treatment for depression efficacy and dose response. American Journal of Preventative Medicine 2005; 28: 1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietropaolo S, Sun Y, Li R, Brana C, Feldon J, Yee BK. The impact of voluntary exercise on mental health in rodents: A neuroplasticity perspective. Behaviour and Brain Research 2008; 192: 42–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar