A 10-year follow-up study of patients with severe traumatic brain injury and dysautonomia treated with intrathecal baclofen therapy

References

• Jennet B, Teasdale G, Galbraith S, Pickard J, Grant H, Braakman R, Avezaat C, Maas A, Minderhoud J, Vecht CJ, et al. Severe head injuries in three countries. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1977; 40: 291–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baguley IJ, Nicholls JL, Felmingham KL, Crooks J, Gurka JA, Wade LD. Dysautonomia after traumatic brain injury: A forgotten syndrome?. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1999; 67: 39–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Ortega JF, Prieto-Palomino MA, Muňoz-Lopez A, Lebron-Gallardo M, Cabrera-Ortiz H, Quesada-Garcia G. Prognostic influence and computed tomography findings in dysautonomic crises after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Trauma 2006; 61: 1129–1133
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baguley IJ, Slewa-Younan S, Heriseanu RE, Nott MT, Mudaliar Y, Nayyar V. The incidence of Dysautonomia and its relationship with autonomic arousal following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2007; 21: 1175–1181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolce G, Quintieri M, Leto E, Milano M, Pileggi A, Lagani V, Pignolo L. Dusautonomia and clinical outcome in vegetative state. Journal of Neurotrauma 2008; 25: 1079–1082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendricks HT, Heeren AH, Vos PE, Dysautonomia after severe traumatic brain injury. European Journal of Neurology 2010;17(9):1172–1177. Available online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02989.x, accessed on 2010/06/15
   Google Scholar
• Bullard DE. Diencephalic seizures: Responsiveness to bromocriptine and morphine. Annals of Neurology 1987; 21: 609–611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pranzatelli MR, Pavlakis SG, Gould RJ, De Vivo DC. Hypothalamic-midbrain dysautonomic regulation syndrome: Hypertension, hyperthermia, hyperventilation and decerebration. Journal of Child Neurology 1991; 6: 115–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeve BF, Wijdicks EFM, Benarroch EE, Schmidt K. Paroxysmal sympathetic storms (diencephalic seizures) after severe diffuse axonal head injury. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1998; 73: 148–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman JA, Patrick PD, Buck ML, Rust RS. Paroxysmal autonomic instability with Dystonia after brain injury. Archives of Neurology 2004; 61: 321–328
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baguley IJ, Heriseanu RE, Felmingham KL, Cameron ID. Dysautonomia and heart rate variability following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2006; 20: 437–444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baguley IJ, Nott MT, Slewa-Younan S, Heriseanu RE, Perkes IE. Diagnosing Dysautonomia after acute traumatic brain injury: Evidence for overresponsiveness to afferent stimuli. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009; 90: 580–586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker R, Sure U, Petermeyer M, Bertalanffy H. Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion alleviates autonomic Dysfunction in patients with severe supraspinal spasticity. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1999; 66: 114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rifici C, Kofler M, Kronenberg M, Bramanti P, Saltuari L. Intrathecal baclofen application in patients with supraspinal spasticity secondary to severe traumatic brain injury. Functional Neurology 1994; 9: 29–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meythaler JM, De Vivo MJ, Hadley M. Prospective study on the use of bolus intrathecal baclofen for spastic hypertonia due to acquired brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996; 77: 461–466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker R, Alberti O, Bauer BL. Continuous intathecal baclofen infusion in severe spasticity after traumatic or hypoxic brain injury. Journal of Neurology 1997; 244: 160–166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meythaler JM, McCary A, Hadley MN. Prospective assessment of continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen for spasticity caused by acquired brain injury: A preliminary report. Journal of Neurosurgery 1997; 87: 415–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meythaler JM, Guin-Renfroe S, Grabb P, Hadley MN. Long-term continuously infused intrathecal baclofen for spastic-Dystonic hypertonia in traumatic brain injury: 1-year experience. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1999; 80: 13–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawicki B. Treatment of cerebral origin spasticity with continuous intrathecal baclofen delivered via an implantable pump: Long-term follow-up review of 18 patients. Journal of Neurosurgery 1999; 91: 733–736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dario A, Di Stefano MG, Grossi A, Casagrande F, Bono G. Long-term intrathecal Baclofen infusion in supraspinal spasticity of adulthood. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2002; 105: 83–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuny E, Richer E, Castel JP. Dysautonomic syndrome in the acute recovery phase after traumatic brain injury: Relief with intrathecal Baclofen therapy. Brain injury 2001; 15: 917–925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker R, Benes L, Sure U, Hellwig D, Bertalanffy H. Intrathecal baclofen alleviates autonomic Dysfunction in severe brain injury. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2000; 7: 316–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• François B, Vacher P, Roustan J, Salle JY, Vidal J, Moreau JJ, Vignon P. Intrathecal baclofen after traumatic brain injury: Early treatment using a new technique to prevent spasticity. Journal of Trauma 2001; 50: 158–161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seel RT, Sherer M, Whyte J, Katz DI, Giacino JT, Rosenbaum AM, Hammond FM, Kalmar K, Pape TL, Zafonte R, et al. American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Injury-Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group, Disorders of Consciousness Task Force. Assessment scales for disorders of consciousness: Evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice and research. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010; 91: 1795–1813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Whyte J. The JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised: Measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004; 85: 2020–2029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laureys S, Celesia GG, Cohadon F, Lavrijsen J, León-Carrión J, Sannita WG, Sazbon L, Schmutzhard E, von Wild KR, Zeman A, et al.; European Task Force on Disorders of Consciousness. Unresponsive Wakefulness syndrome: A new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome. BioMedCentral Medicine 2010;8:68 Available online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741–7015/8/68, accessed on 2010/12/05
   Google Scholar
• Giacino JT, Ashwal S, Childs N, Cranford R, Jennett B, Katz DI, Kelly JP, Rosenberg JH, Whyte J, Zafonte RD, et al. The minimally conscious state: Definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002; 58: 349–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacino JT. The vegetative and minimally conscious states: Consensus-based criteria for establishing diagnosis and prognosis. NeuroRehabilitation 2004; 19: 293–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland State Medical Journal 1965; 14: 61–65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lippert-Grüner M, Lefering R, Svestkova O. Functional outcome at 1 vs. 2 years after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2007; 21: 1001–1005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadi A, Meir U, Lemcke J. Detailed long-term outcome analysis after decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2010; 24: 1539–1549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condouret JPM, Roques CF, Roudil J, Soulages X, Bourg V, Valeur et limites de l’indice de Barthel. In: Simon L, Pelissier J. Hémiplégie vasculaire de l’adulte et médecine de rééducation. Paris: Masson; 1988. p 45–51
   Google Scholar
• Jennet B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. A practical scale. Lancet 1975; 1: 480–484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fayol P, Carrière H, Habonimana D, Preux PM, Dumond JJ. French version of structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale: Guidelines and first studies of validation. Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique 2004; 47: 142–156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohadon F, Richer E. Deep cerebral stimulation in patients with post-traumatic vegetative state. 25 cases. Neurochirurgie 1993; 39: 281–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Physical Therapy 1987; 67: 206–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taira T. Intrathecal administration of GABA agonists in the vegetative state. Progress in Brain Research 2009; 177: 317–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corral L, Herrero JI, Monfort JL, Ventura JL, Javierre CF, Juncadella M, Garca-Huete L, Bartolome C, Gabarros. A First CT findings and improvement in GOS and GOSE scores 6 and 12 months after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2009; 23: 403–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson DW, Nyström H, MacCallum RM, Thornquist B, Lilja A, Bellander B, Rudehill A, Wanecek M, Weitzberg E. Extended analysis of early computed tomography scans of traumatic brain injured patients and relations to outcome. Journal of Neurotrauma 2010; 27: 51–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas A, Hukkelhoven C, Marshall LF, Steyerberg EW. Prediction of outcome in traumatic brain injury with computed tomographic characteristics: A comparison between the computed tomographic classification and combinations of computed tomographic predictors. Neurosurgery 2005; 57: 1173–1182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas AIR, Steyerberg EW, Butcher I, Dammers R, Lu J, Marmarou A, Mushkudiani NA, McHugh GS, Murray GD. Prognostic value of computerized tomography scan characteristics in traumatic brain injury: Results from the IMPACT study. Journal of Neurotrauma 2007; 24: 303–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardlaw JM, Easton VJ, Statham P. Which CT features help predict outcome after head injury?. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2002; 72: 188–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atzema C, Mower WR, Hoffman JR, Colmes JF, Killian AJ, Wolfson AB. Prevalence and prognosis of traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage in patients with blunt head trauma. Journal of Trauma 2006; 60(5)1010–1017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meythaler JM, Peduzzi JD, Eleftheriou E, Novack TA. Current concepts: Diffuse axonal injury-associated traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001; 82: 1461–1471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampfl A, Schmutzhard E, Franz G, Pfausler B, Haring HP, Ulmer H, Felber S, Golaszewski S, Aichner F. Prediction of recovery from post-traumatic vegetative state with cerebral magnetic-resonance imaging. Lancet 1998; 351: 1763–1767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard I, Menei P. Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of spasticity, Dystonia and vegetative disorders. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum 2007; 97: 213–218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mazaux JM, Richer E. Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury in adults. Disability and Rehabilitation 1998; 20: 435–447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andelic N, Hammergren N, Bautz-Holter E, Sveen U, Brunborg C, Røe C. Functional outcome and health-related quality of life 10 years after moderate to-severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2009; 120(1)16–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Baalen B, Odding E, van Woensel MPC, van Kessel MA, Roebroeck ME, Stam HJ. Reliability and sensitivity to change of measurement instruments used in a traumatic brain injury population. Clinical Rehabilitation 2006; 20: 686–700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattelani R, Tanzi F, Lombardi F, Mazzucchi A. Competitive re-employment after severe traumatic brain injury: Clinical, cognitive and behavioural predictive variables. Brain Injury 2002; 16: 51–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hukkelhoven C, Steyerberg EW, Rampen AJJ, Farace E, Habbema JDF, Marshall LF, Murray GD, Maas AIR. Patient age and outcome following severe traumatic brain injury: An analysis of 5600 patients. Journal of Neurosurgery 2003; 99: 666–673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar