1,805
Views
291
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Psychosocial and emotional sequelae of individuals with traumatic brain injury: a literature review and recommendations

&
Pages 81-92 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Kreutzer J., Wehman P. Cognitive Rehabilitation for Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury. Paul H. Brookes, Baltimore, MD 1991
  • Prigatano G. P. Neuropsychological deficits, personality variables, and outcome. Community Re-entry for Head Injured Adults, M. Ylvisaker, E. M. Gobble. Little Brown, Boston, MA 1987; 1–23
  • Lezak M. D. Relationships between personality disorders, social disturbances, and physical disability following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1987; 2: 57–69
  • Thomsen I. V. The patient with severe head injury and his family. Scandinavian journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1974; 6: 180–3
  • Thomsen I. V. Late outcome of very severe blunt head trauma: a 10-15 year second follow-up. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1984; 47: 260–268
  • Karpman T., Wolfe S., Vargo J. W. The psychological adjustment of adult clients and their parents following closed head injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Counseling 1985; 17: 28–33
  • Groswasser Z., Mendelson L., Stern M. J., et al. Re-evaluation of prognostic factors in rehabilitation after severe head injury. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1977; 9: 147–149
  • Elsass L., Kinsella G. Social interaction following severe closed head injury. Psychological Medicine 1987; 17: 67–78
  • Kinsella G., Moran C., Ford B., et al. Emotional disorder and its assessment within the severe head injured population. Psychological Medicine 1988; 18: 57–63
  • Trieschmann R. B. Sickness treatment or health care: implications for head injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1990; 5: 57–64
  • Frankowski R. F. Descriptive epidemiologic studies of head injury in the United States: 1974-1984. Psychiatric Aspects of Trauma, L. G. Peterson, G. J. O'Shanick. Karger, New York 1986; 222–248
  • Frankowski R. F., Annegers J. R., Whitman S. The descriptive epidemiology of head trauma in the United States. Central Nervous System Trauma Status Report, D. P. Becker, J. T. Povlishock. National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC 1985; 33–43
  • Teasdale G., Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet 1974; ii: 81–84
  • Jennett B., Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet 1975; i: 480–484
  • Stedman J. H., Graham J. G. Head injuries: an analysis and follow-up study. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1970; 63: 23–28
  • Russell W. R. The Traumatic Amnesias. Oxford University Press, London 1971
  • Bond M. R. The stages of recovery from severe head injury with special reference to late outcome. International Rehabilitation Medicine 1979; 1: 155–159
  • Bond M. R., Brooks D. N. Understanding the process of recovery as a basis for the investigation of rehabilitation for the brain injured. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1976; 8: 127–133
  • Mandleberg I. A., Brooks D. N. Cognitive recovery after severe head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1974; 38: 1121–1126
  • Bond M. R. Assessment of the psychosocial outcome after severe head injury. Outcome of Severe Damage to the Central Nervous System. CIBA Foundation Symposium 34. Elsevier Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1975; 141–157
  • Rosenbaum M., Lipsitz N., Abraham J., Najenson T. A description of an intensive treatment project for the rehabilitation of severely brain-injured soldiers. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1978; 10: 1–6
  • Cole J. R., Cope D. N., Cervelli L. Rehabilitation of the severely brain-injured patient: a community-based, low-cost model program. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1985; 66: 38–40
  • Jacobs H. E. The Los Angeles head injury survey: procedures and initial findings. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1988; 69: 425–431
  • McNeny R. Deficits in activities of daily living. Rehabilitation of the Adult and Child with Traumatic Brain Injury, M. Rosenthal, E. R. Griffith, M. R. Bond, J. D. Miller. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, PA 1990; 201
  • Lezak M. D. Living with the characterologically altered brain injured patient. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1978; 39: 592–598
  • Jacobs H. E. The family as a therapeutic agent: long-term rehabilitation for traumatic head injury patients. Unpublished manuscript. 1985
  • Klonoff P. S., Snow W. G., Costa L. D. Quality of life in patients 2 to 4 years after closed head injury. Neurosurgery 1986; 19: 735–743
  • Brooks D. N., Aughton M. E. Psychological consequences of blunt head injury. International Rehabilitation Medicine 1979; 1: 160–165
  • Levin H. S., Benton A. L., Grossman R. G. Neurobehavioral Consequences of Severe Head Injury. Oxford University Press, New York 1982
  • Mauss-Clum N., Ryan M. Brain injury and the family. Journal of Neurosurgical Nursing 1981; 13: 165–169
  • Kinsella G., Moran C., Ford B., Ponsford J. Emotional disorder and its assessment within the severe head injured population. Psychological Medicine 1988; 18: 57–63
  • Tyerman A., Humphrey M. Changes in self-concept following severe head injury. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 1984; 7: 11–23
  • Rosenthal M., Bond M. R. Behavioral and psychiatric sequelae. Rehabilitation of the Adult and Child with Traumatic Brain Injury, M. Rosenthal. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, PA 1990; 190
  • Kozloff R. Networks of social support and the outcome from severe head injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1987; 2: 14–23
  • Oddy M., Humphrey M., Uttley D. Subjective impairment and social recovery after closed head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1978; 48: 564–568
  • Bruckner F. E., Randle A. P.H. Return to work after severe head injuries. Rheumatology and Physical Medicine 1972; 11: 344–348
  • Peck E., Fulton C., Cohen C., et al. Neuropsychological, physical, and psychological factors affecting long-term outcomes following severe head injury. Presented at International Neuropsychological Society, Houston, 1984
  • Dresser A., Meirowsky A., Weiss G., et al. Gainful employment following head injury: prognostic factors. Archives of Neurology 1973; 29: 111–116
  • Wehman P. Competitive Employment: New Horizons for Severely Disabled Individuals. Paul H. Brookes, Baltimore, MD 1981
  • Wehman P., Kreutzer J. Vocational Rehabilitation for Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury. Aspen, Baltimore, MD 1990
  • Weddell R., Oddy M., Jenkins D. Social adjustment after rehabilitation: a two-year follow-up of patients with severe head injury. Psychological Medicine 1980; 10: 257–263
  • Oddy M., Humphrey M. Social recovery during the year following severe head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1980; 43: 798–802
  • Altman I., Taylor D. A. Social Penetration: The Development of Interpersonal Relationships. Irvington, New York 1973
  • Erikson E. Identity and the life cycle. Psychological Issues 1959; 1: 5–9
  • Pogrebin L. C. Among Friends. McGraw-Hill, New York 1987
  • Rosenbaum M., Najenson T. Changes in life patterns and symptoms of low mood as reported by wives of severely brain-injured soldiers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1976; 44: 881–888
  • Morton M. V. A prospective randomized study to assess the effects of a community based socialization program for individuals with severe traumatic brain injuries. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 1992
  • Oddy M., Humphrey M., Uttley D. Subjective impairment and social recovery after closed head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1978; 41: 611–616
  • Oddy M. Head injury and social adjustment. Closed Head Injury, D. N. Brooks. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1984; 109–122
  • Oddy M., Coughlan T., Tyerman A., et al. Social adjustment after closed head injury: a further follow-up seven years later. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1985; 48: 564–568
  • Lezak M. D. Brain damage is a family affair. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1988; 10: 111–123
  • Mooney G. F. Relative contributions of neurophysical, cognitive, and personality changes to disability after brain injury. Cognitive Rehabilitation 1988; 6: 14–20
  • Stambrook M., Moore A. D., Peters L. C. Social behavior and adjustment to moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: comparison to normative and psychiatric samples. Cognitive Rehabilitation 1980; 8: 26–30
  • Stambrook M., Peters L. C., Moore A. D., et al. Psychological and social burden following moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation 1988; 1: 74–77
  • Rappaport M., Herrero-Backe C., Rappaport M. L., et al. Head injury outcome up to ten years later. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1989; 70: 885–892
  • Fahy T. J., Irving M. H., Millac P. Severe head injuries: a six year follow-up. Lancet 1967; ii: 475–479
  • Hpay H. Psychosocial effects of severe head injury. International Symposium on Head Injuries. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1971; 110–119
  • Levin H. S., Grossman R. G., Rose J. E., et al. Long-term neuropsychological outcome of closed head injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 1979; 50: 412–422
  • Beals M. P., Mathews R. M., Elkins S. R., et al. Locating community resources for lifelong living. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1990; 5: 31–39
  • Jacobs H. E., Blatnick M., Sandhorst J. V. What is lifelong living and how does it relate to quality of life?. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1990; 5: 1–8
  • Jennett B., Snoek J., Bond M. R., et al. Disability after severe head injury: observations on the use of the Glasgow outcome scale. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1981; 44: 285–293
  • Rogers P. M., Kreutzer J. S. Family crisis following head injury: a network intervention strategy. Journal of Neurosurgical Nursing 1984; 16: 343–346
  • Brooks D. N., Campsie L., Symington C., et al. The effects of severe head injury on patient and relative within seven years of injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1987; 2: 1–13
  • Patton M. Q. Qualitative Evaluation Methods. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA 1980
  • Hendryx P. M. Psychosocial changes perceived by closed-head injured adults and their families. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1989; 70: 526–530
  • Scherzer B. P. Rehabilitation following severe head trauma: results of a three-year program. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1986; 67: 366–374
  • McMorrow D., Lloyd K., Fralish K. Teaching social skills to head injured adults. Journal of Rehabilitation 1986; 4: 39–44
  • Do H. K., Sahagian D. A., Schuster L. C., et al. Head trauma rehabilitation: program evaluation. Rehabilitation Nursing 1988; 13: 71–75
  • Prigatano G. P., Fordyce D. J., Zeiner H. K., et al. Neuropsychological rehabilitation after closed head injury in young adults. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1984; 47: 505–513
  • Brooks D. N. Head injury and the family. Closed Head Injury: Psychological, Social, and Family Consequences, D. N. Brooks. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1984; 123–147
  • Lishman W. A. The psychiatric sequelae of head injury: a review. Psychological Medicine 1973; 3: 304–318
  • Dikmen S., Reitan R. M. Emotional sequelae of head injury. Annals of Neurology 1977; 2: 492–494
  • Fordyce D. J., Roueche J. R., Prigatano G. P. Enhanced emotional reactions in chronic head trauma patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1983; 46: 620–624
  • McKinlay W. W., Brooks D. N., Bond M. R., et al. The short-term outcome of severe blunt head injury as reported by relatives of the injured persons. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1981; 44: 527–533
  • Brooks N., Campsie L., Symington C., et al. The five year outcome of severe blunt head injury: a relative's view. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1986; 49: 764–770
  • Ranseen J. Positive personality change following traumatic head injury: four case studies. Cognitive Rehabilitation 1990; 8: 8–12
  • Livingston M. G., Brooks D. N., Bono M. R. Patient outcome in the year following severe head injury and relatives' psychiatric and social functioning. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1985; 48: 876–881
  • Sarason I. G., Levine H. M., Basham R. B., et al. Assessing social support: the social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1983; 44: 127–139

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.