The effect of speaking rate on velopharyngeal function in healthy speakers

References

• Andreassen, M. L., Smith, B. E., & Guyette, T. W. (1992). Pressure-flow measurements for selected oral and nasal sound segments produced by normal adults. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29, 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell-Berti, F. (1976). An electromyographic study of velopharyngeal function in speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19, 225–240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bell-Berti, F., & Krakow, R. A. (1991). Anticipatory velar lowering: a coproduction account. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90, 112–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell-Berti, F., Krakow, R. A., Gelfer, C. E., & Boyce, S. E. (1995). Anticipatory and carryover effects: implications for models of speech production. Producing speech: Contemporary issues (pp. 77). New York: AIP Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brancewicz, T. M., & Reich, A. R. (1989). Speech rate reduction and ‘nasality’ in normal speakers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 32, 837–848.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bressmann, T., Sader, R., Whitehill, T. L., Awan, S. N., Zeilhofer, H. F., & Horch, H. H. (2000). Nasalance distance and ratio: two new measures. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 37, 248–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bzoch, K. R. (1968). Variations in velopharyngeal valving: the factor of vowel changes. The Cleft Palate Journal, 5, 211–218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalston, R. M., Warren, D. W., Morr, K. E., & Smith, L. R. (1988). Intraoral pressure and its relationship to velopharyngeal inadequacy. The Cleft Palate Journal, 25, 210–219.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dromey, C., & Ramig, L. O. (1998). Intentional changes in sound pressure level and rate: their impact on measures of respiration, phonation, and articulation. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 1003–1018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, J. R. (2005). Motor speech disorders, substrates, differential diagnosis, and management. (2nd ed., pp. 187). St. Louis, Mo Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer, C. H., Robb, M. P., O'Beirne, G. A., & Gilbert, H. R. (2009). The influence of speaking rate on nasality in the speech of hearing impaired individuals. The Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52, 1321–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, S. G. (1976). Nasalance versus listener judgments of nasality. Cleft Palate Journal, 13, 31–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fletcher, S. G., & Daly, D. A. (1976). Nasalance in utterances of hearing-impaired speakers. Journal of Communication Disorders, 9, 63–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goberman, A. M., Selby, J. C., & Gilbert, H. R. (2001). The effects of changes in speaking rate on nasal airflow and the perception of nasality. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 53, 222–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardin, M. A., Van Demark, D. R., Morris, H. L., & Payne, M. M. (1992). Correspondence between nasalance scores and listener judgments of hypernasality. Cleft Palate Journal, 29, 346–351.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, M. B., Carney, A. E., & Schulte, L. (1994). Physiological assessment of speech and voice production of adults with hearing loss. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, 510–521.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoit, J. D., Watson, P. J., Hixon, K. E., McMahon, P., & Johnson, C. L. (1994). Age and velopharyngeal function during speech production. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, 295–302.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmberg, E. B., Hillman, R. E., Perkell, J. S., & Gress, C. (1994). Relationships between intra-speaker variation in aerodynamic measures of voice production and variation in SPL across repeated recordings. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, 484–495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hutchinson, J. M., Robinson, K. L., & Nerbonne, M. A. (1978). Patterns of nasalance in a sample of normal gerontologic subjects. Journal of Communication Disorders, 11, 469–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, D., & Folkins, J. (1985). The effect of speaking rate on judgments of disordered speech in children with cleft palate. Cleft Palate Journal, 22, 246–252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kent, R. D., Carney, P. J., & Severeid, L. R. (1974). Velar movement and timing: evaluation of a model for binary control. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 17, 470–488.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krakow, R. A. (1993). Nonsegmental influences on velum movement patterns: syllables, sentences, stress, and speaking rate. Phonetics and Phonology, 5, 87–116.
   Google Scholar
• Kuehn, D. P. (1976). A cineradiographic investigation of velar movement variables in two normals. The Cleft Palate Journal, 13, 88–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laine, T., Warren, D. W., Dalston, R. M., Hairfield, W. M., & Morr, K. E. (1988). Intraoral pressure, nasal pressure and airflow rate in cleft palate speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 31, 432–437.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marguiles, M. (1979). Male–female differences in speaker intelligibility; normal and hearing-impaired listeners. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 65(S1), S99.
   Google Scholar
• Markham, D., & Hazan, V. (2004). The effect of talker- and listener-related factors on intelligibility for a real-word, open-set perception test. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 725–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayo, R., Warren, D. W., & Zajac, D. J. (1998). Intraoral pressure and velopharyngeal function. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 35, 299–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHenry, M. A. (1999). Aerodynamic, acoustic, and perceptual measures of nasality following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 13, 281–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHenry, M. A., & Liss, J. (2006). The impact of stimulated vocal loudness on nasalance in dysarthria. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 14, 197–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moll, K. L., & Daniloff, R. G. (1971). Investigation of the timing of velar movements during speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 50, 678–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moll, K. L., & Shriner, T. H. (1967). Preliminary investigation of a new concept of velar activity during speech. The Cleft Palate Journal, 4, 58–69.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts, J. K., & Monaco, J. P. (2006). Effect size measures for the two-level linear multilevel model. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April, Houston, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, B. A., Cerny, F. J., & Stathopoulos, E. T. (1998). Effects of varied vocal intensity on ventilation and energy expenditure in women and men. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 239–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seaver, E. J., Dalston, R. M., Leeper, H. A., & Adams, L. E. (1991). A study of nasometric values for normal nasal resonance. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 34, 715–721.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stathopoulos, E. T. (1986). Relationship between intraoral air pressure and vocal intensity in children and adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 29, 71–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ushijima, T., & Sawashima, M. (1972). Fiberscopic observation of velar movements during speech. Annual Bulletin no. 6. University of Tokyo: Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 6, 25–38.
   Google Scholar
• Warren, D. W. (1979). Perci: a method for rating palatal efficiency. The Cleft Palate Journal, 16, 279–285.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warren, D. W., Dalston, R. M., Morr, K. E., Hairfield, W. M., & Smith, L. R. (1989a). The speech regulating system: temporal and aerodynamic responses to velopharyngeal inadequacy. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 32, 566–575.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warren, D. W., Dalston, R. M., Trier, W. C., & Holder, M. B. (1985). A pressure-flow technique for quantifying temporal patterns of palatopharyngeal closure. Cleft Palate Journal, 22, 11–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warren, D. W., Morr, K. E., Rochet, A. P., & Dalston, R. M. (1989b). Respiratory response to a decrease in velopharyngeal resistance. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 86, 917–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watterson, T., McFarlane, S. C., & Wright, D. S. (1993). The relationship between nasalance and nasality in children with cleft palate. Journal of Communication Disorders, 26, 13–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yorkston, K. M., Beukelman, D., Strand, E., & Bell, K. (1999). Management of motor speech disorders in children and adults (2nd ed). Austin, TX: PRO-ED, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Zagzebski, J. A. (1975). Ultrasonic measurement of lateral pharyngeal wall motion at two levels in the vocal tract. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 18, 308–318.
   Google Scholar
• Zajac, D. J. (1997). Velopharyngeal function in young and older adult speakers: evidence from aerodynamic studies. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102, 1846–1852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajac, D. J. (1998). Comment on McHenry (1997). American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 7, 95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajac, D. J. (2000). Pressure-flow characteristics of /m/ and /p/ production in speakers without cleft palate: developmental findings. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 37, 468–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajac, D. J., & Mayo, R. (1996). Aerodynamic and temporal aspects of velopharyngeal function in normal speakers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 1199–1207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zajac, D. J., & Weissler, M. C. (2004). Air pressure responses to sudden vocal tract pressure bleeds during production of stop consonants. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 784–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar