Stuttering characteristics of German–English bilingual speakers

References

• Abdalla, F., Robb, M. P., & Al-Shatti, T. (2010). Stuttering and lexical category in adult Arabic speakers. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 24, 70–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages – ACTFL. (1985). Proficiency guidelines. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: ACTFL Materials Center.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. (2007). Phonological neighborhood and word frequency effects in the stuttered disfluencies of children who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 229–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au-Yeung, J., Howell, P., & Pilgrim, L. (1998). Phonological words and stuttering on function words. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 1019–1030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au-Yeung, J., Vallejo-Gomez, I., & Howell, P. (2003). Exchange of disfluency with age from function words to content words in Spanish speakers who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46, 754–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman Hakim, H., & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2004). Nonword repetition abilities of children who stutter: An exploratory study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29, 179–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, N. E. (1981). Are there constraints on childhood disfluency? Journal of Fluency Disorders, 6(4), 341–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein Ratner, N. (1997). Stuttering: A psycholinguistic perspective. In R. F. Curlee, & G. M. Siegel (Eds.), Nature and treatment of stuttering: New directions (2nd ed., pp. 99–127). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein Ratner, N. (2004). Fluency and stuttering in bilingual children. In B. Goldstein (Ed.), Bilingual language development and disorders in Spanish–English speakers (pp. 287–308). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein Ratner, N., & Benitez, M. (1985). Linguistic analysis of a bilingual stutterer. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 10, 211–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernthal, J. E., & Bankson, N. W. (2004). Articulation and phonological disorders (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., & Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bloodstein, O., & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2008). A handbook on stuttering (6th ed.). New York, NY: Learning, Inc. Thomson.
   Google Scholar
• Bloodstein, O., & Grossman, M. (1981). Early stutterings: Some aspects of their form and distribution. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 24, 298–302.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boscolo, B., Bernstein Ratner, N., & Rescorla, L. (2002). Fluency of school-aged children with a history of specific expressive language impairment: An exploratory study. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11, 41–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, S. F. (1937). The influence of grammatical function on the incidence of stuttering. Journal of Speech Disorders, 2, 207–215.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, S. F. (1945). The loci of stuttering in the speech sequence. Journal of Speech Disorders, 10, 181–192.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Crystal, D. (2003). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dale, P. (1977). Factors related to dysfluent speech in bilingual Cuban-American adolescents. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 2, 311–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dayalu, V. N., Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., Holbert, D., & Rastatter, M. P. (2002). Stuttering frequency on content and function words in adults who stutter: A concept revisited. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 871–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Houwer, A. (1998). By way of introduction: Methods in studies of bilingual first language acquisition. International Journal of Bilingualism, 2, 249–263.
   Google Scholar
• Dworzynski, K., & Howell, P. (2004a). Cross-linguistic factors in the prediction of stuttering across age groups – the case of German. In A. Packman, A. Meltzer, & H. F. M. Peters (Eds.), Theory, research and therapy in fluency disorders. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Fluency Disorders, Montreal, Canada (pp. 382–388). Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press. Retrieved January 30, 2007, from http://www.speech.psychol.ucl.ac.uk/PAPERS/PDF/ifa03german.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dworzynski, K., & Howell, P. (2004b). Predicting stuttering from phonetic complexity in German. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29, 149–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworzynski, K., Howell, P., & Natke, U. (2003). Predicting stuttering from linguistic factors for German speakers in two age groups. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28, 95–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, D. L. (2002). The adaptation effect in bilingual people who stutter: An examination of the oral-motor rehearsal theory (Master thesis, University of Maine, Maine). Retrieved February 4, 2008, from http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EvansDL2002.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Garry, J., & Rubino, C. (Eds.). (2001). Facts about the world's languages: An encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present. New York, NY: New England Publishing Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis. Educational Researcher, 5, 3–8.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, B., Austin, L., Watson, J., Yarbrough, L., Glover, G., Totten, G., Castor, D., Garcia, C., & Belgodere, M. (2004). Texas Speech-Language-Hearing-Association (TSHA) task force on culturally and linguistically diversity (CLD) issues: Linguistically diverse populations: Considerations and resources for assessment and intervention. Retrieved February 4, 2008, from http://www.txsha.org/Diversity_Issues/cld_document.asp
   Google Scholar
• Halsband, U. (2006). Bilingual and multilingual language processing. Journal of Physiology, 99, 355–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, P. (2007). Signs of developmental stuttering up to age eight and at 12 plus. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 287–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, P., Au-Yeung, J., & Sackin, S. (1999). Exchange of stuttering from function words to content words with age. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 345–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, P., Davis, S., & Williams, R. (2008). The effects of bilingualism on stuttering during late childhood. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 94, 42–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, P., Ruffle, L., Fernández-Zúñiga, A., Gutiérrez, R., Fernández, A. H., O'Brien, M. L., Tarasco, M., Vallejo-Gomez, I., & Au-Yeung, J. (2004). Comparison of exchange patterns of stuttering in Spanish and English monolingual speakers and a bilingual Spanish–English speaker. In A. Packman, A. Meltzer, & H. F. M. Peters (Eds.), Theory, research and therapy in Fluency Disorders. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Fluency Disorders, Montreal, Canada (pp. 415–422). Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press. Retrieved June 26, 2010, from http://www.speech.psychol.ucl.ac.uk/PAPERS/PDF/ifa03spanish.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jankelowitz, D. L., & Bortz, M. A. (1996). The interaction of bilingualism and stuttering in an adult. Journal of Communication Disorders, 29, 223–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaram, M. (1983). Phonetic influences on stuttering in monolingual and bilingual stutterers. Journal of Communication Disorders, 16, 287–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonz, J. (1976). Improving on the basic egg: The multiple-choice cloze. Language Learning, 26, 255–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, C. (1984). Language acquisition in bilingual children. In N. Miller (Ed.), Bilingualism and language disability: Assessment and remediation (pp. 26–54). Kent: Croom Helm Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, M. (2002). Cloze tests revisited: Exploring item characteristics with special attention to scoring methods. The Modern Language Journal, 86(4), 571–586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krashen, D. (1987). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Upper Saddle, NJ: Prentice Hall International.
   Google Scholar
• Lebrun, Y., Bijleveld, H., & Rousseau, J. J. (1990). A case of persistent neurogenic stuttering following a missile wound. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 15, 251–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leow, R., Campos, H., & Lardiere, D. (2009). Little words: Their history, phonology, syntax, semantics, and acquisition. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, V.P.C., Lincoln, M., Chan, Y.H., & Onslow, M. (2008b). Stuttering in English–Mandarin bilingual speakers: The influence of language dominance on stuttering severity. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51(6), 1522–1537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, N. (1984). Language use in bilingual communities. In N. Miller (Ed.), Bilingualism and language disability: Assessment and remediation (pp. 3–25). Kent: Croom Helm Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Natke, U., Sandrieser, P., Pietrowsky, R., & Kalveram, K. (2006). Disfluency data of German preschool children who stutter and comparison children. Journal of fluency Disorders, 31, 165–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neelley, J., & Timmons, R. (1967). Adaptation and consistency in the disfluent speech behavior of young stutterers and nonstutterers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 10, 250–256.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nwokah, E. E. (1988). The imbalance of stuttering behavior in bilingual speakers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 13, 357–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oller, J. W. (1972). Scoring methods and difficulty levels for Cloze tests of proficiency in English as a second language. The Modern Language Journal, 56(3), 151–158.
   Google Scholar
• Oller, J. W. (1973). Cloze tests of second language proficiency and what they measure. Language Learning, 23, 105–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phaal, B., & Robb, M. (2007). A controlled examination of stuttering on content and function words. New Zealand Journal of Speech-Language Therapy, 62, 37–45.
   Google Scholar
• Riley, G. (1994). Stuttering severity instrument for children and adults (3rd ed.). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
   Google Scholar
• Rispoli, M. (2003). Changes in the nature of sentence production during the period of grammatical development. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46, 818–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rispoli, M., & Hadley, P. (2001). The leading edge: The significance of sentence disruptions in the development of grammar. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44(5), 1131–1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, P (2002). Disfluency patterns in four bilingual adults who stutter. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, 26, 5–19.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, P. M., & Shenker, R. C. (2007). Assessment and treatment of stuttering in bilingual speakers. In E. Conture, & R. F. Curlee (Eds.), Stuttering and related disorders of fluency (3rd ed., pp. 183–209). New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Romaine, S. (1989). Bilingualism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Rommel, D., Häge, A., & Johannsen, A. S. (2004). Überblick und ausgewählte Ergebnisse der Ulmer prospektiven Längsschnittstuie zur Entwicklung des Stotterns im Vorschulalter sowie deren Bedeutung für Diagnostik, Beratung und Therapie stotternder Kinder im Vorschulalter. Paper presented at the 31. Bundeskongress der Stotter-Selbsthilfe e. V., Rothenburg, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Scharff-Rethfeldt, W. (2005). Das “bilinguale Patientenprofil” als Basis einer logopädischen Intervention. Forum Logopädie, 3(19), 6–11.
   Google Scholar
• Schiavetti, N., & Metz, D. E. (2006). Evaluating research in communication disorders (5th ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., & Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• SigmaStat. (2006). Advisory Statistics for Scientists (Version 3.5) [Computer Program]. Richmond, CA: Systat Software Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, I. K. (1966). The properties of stuttered words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5, 112–118.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, W. L. (1953). Cloze procedure: A new tool for measuring readability. Journalism Quarterly, 30, 414–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrell, P., & Kopleck, H. (1993). Collins German–English, English–German dictionary (2nd ed.). Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Tremblay, A., & Garrison, M. (2010). Cloze tests: A tool for proficiency assessment in research on L2 French. In M. T. Prior (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2008 second language research forum (pp. 73–88). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
   Google Scholar
• Van Borsel, J., Maes, E., & Foulon, S. (2001). Stuttering and bilingualism: A review. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26, 179–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Riper, C. (1971). The nature of stuttering. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Wagovich, S., & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2007). Frequency of verb use in young children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 32, 79–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese, R. (1996). The phonology of German. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wingate, M. (2003). Major problems with a revisit. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46, 1468–1470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar