References
- ARLT, P., and GOODBAN, M.T., (1976) A comparative study of articulation as based on a study of 240 normals, aged three to six. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 7, 169–172
- Fischer-Jergensen E., Rischel J.and Thorsen N.(Eds), Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Phonetic Science, vol.1 (Co-penhagen)
- Burnstein I.S. and Smith E.O. (Eds), Primitive Ecology and Improvements on Social Organization (New York: Garland STPM Press)
- BOURQUIN, W., (1951) Click-words which Xhosa, Zulu, and Sotho have in common. African Studies, 10(2), 59–81
- CAIRNS, H.S., and WILLIAMS, F., (1972) An analysis of the substitution errors of a group of standard-speaking children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 15, 811–820
- CROCKER, J. (1969) A Phonological model of children's articulation competence. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 34, 203–213
- DINNSEN, D.A., CHIN, S.B., ELBERT, M., and POWELL, T.W., (1990) Some constraints on functionally disordered phonologies: Phonetic inventories and phonotactics. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33, 28–37
- DOKE, C.M., (1954). The Southern Bantu Languages (London: Oxford University Press)
- EDWARDS, M.L., and SHRIBERG, L.D., (1983) Phonology: Applications in Communication Disorders (San Diego: College-Hill Press)
- ELBERT, M., and GIERUT, J.A., (1986) Handbook of Clinical Phonology (San Diego, CA: College Hill Press)
- Cole R.W. (Ed.), Current Issues in Linguistic Theory (Bloom-ington, IN: Indiana University Press)
- Minifie F.D. and Lloyd L.L. (Eds), Communication Competence and Cognitive Abilities. (Baltimore, MD: University Park Press)
- Nelson K.E. (Ed.), Children's Language, vol. 4. (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum)
- Greenberg J.H., Ferguson C.A. and Moravcsik E.(Eds), Universals of Human Language, vol. 2: Phonology (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press)
- HAMMOND-TOOKE, W.D., (1974). The Bantu-speaking Peoples of Southern Africa (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul)
- HOCKETT, C.F., (1955) A manual of phonology. International Journal of Applied Linguistics: Part I (memoir I I ), 21, 1–246
- INGRAM, D., (1976) Phonological Disability in Children (New York: Elsevier)
- INGRAM, D., (1979) Cross-linguistic evidence on the extent and limit of individual variation in phonological development. In E. Fischer-Jergensen, Rischel J.and Thorsen N.(Eds), Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Phonetic Science, vol. II. Copen-hagen, Symposium no. 3, pp. 150–154
- Crary M.A. (Ed.), Phonological Intervention: Concepts and Procedures (San Diego, CA: College Hill Press)
- ISSATSCHENKO, A., (1938) A propos des voyelles nasales. Bulletin of Social Linguistics (Paris)
- JACOBSON, A., (1967) The Bantu dentition: A morphological and metric study of Bantu-speaking negroids. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wiltwatersrand, Johannesburg
- JAKOBSON, R., (1941/1968) [Kindersprade aphasic und allgemeine lantgesetze] (Keller A.R., trans.), Child Language, Aphasia, and Phonological Universals (The Hague: Mouton)
- JAKOBSON, R., and WAUGH, L., (1979) The Sound Shape of Language (Bloomington, ID: Indiana Press)
- JUNOD, H.P., (1938) Bantu Heritage (Johannesburg, RSA: Hortors)
- Stark R.(Ed.), Language Behavior in Infancy and Early Childhood (New York: Elsevier—North Holland)
- KLEIN, H.B., (1981) Perceptual and productive strategies for learning the phonology of early lexical items. In L. Bradford J.and Wertz R.T. (Eds), Communicative Disorders: An Audio Journal for Continuing Education, 6(11)
- LANHAM, L.W., (1969). Generative phonology and the analysis of Nguni consonants. Lingua, 24, 155–162
- LOCKE, J.L., (1983). Phonological Acquisition and Change (New York: Academic Press)
- MACKAY, I.R.A., (1987) Phonetics: The Science of Speech Production, 2nd edn. (San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press)
- MARTINET, A., (1955) Economie des changements phonetiques (Berne, Switzerland)
- Butterworth B.(Ed.), Language Production, vol. 2 (New York: Academic Press)
- MENYUK, P., (1968) The role of distinctive features in children's acquisition of phonology. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 11, 138–146
- MILLS, L.F., (1966) Epidemiologic studies of occlusion: IV. The prevalence of malocclusion in a population of 1,455 school children. Journal of Dental Research, 45, 322–336
- MNCUBE, F.S.M., (1950) Xhosa Manual. (Johannesburg, RSA: Juta)
- MOHRING, H., (1938) Lautbildungsschwierigkeiten im Deutschen. Zeitschrift fiir Kinderforsch, 47, 551
- Fant G.(Ed.), Speech Communication. Proceedings of the speech communication seminar, Stockholm, 1–3 August 1974, (vol. 3): Speech Recognition and Automatic Recognition (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell)
- Lass N.J. (Ed.), Speech and Language: Advances in Basic Research and Practice, vol. 3 (New York: Academic Press)
- Fischer-Jorgensen E. and Thorsen N.(Eds), Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Phonetic Science, vol. III. (Copenhagen)
- OLMSTED, D.L., (1971) Out of the Mouth of Babes (The Hague: Mouton)
- PACESOVA, J., (1968) The Development of Vocabulary in the Child. (Brno, Czechoslovakia)
- PASSY, P., (1890) Edute sur les changements phonetiques (Paris: Librairie Firmin-Didot)
- POOLE, I., (1934) Genetic development of articulation of consonant sounds in speech. Elemen- tary English Review, 11, 159–161
- PRATHER, E.M., HEDRICK, D.L., and KERN, C.A., (1975). Articulation development in children aged two to four years. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 40, 179–191
- Hollien H.and Hollien P.(Eds), Current Issues in Linguistic Theory (vol. 9), Part III (Amsterdam: John Benjamins)
- SANDER, E.K., (1972) When are speech sounds learned? Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 37, 55–65
- Costello J.(Ed.), Speech Disorders in Children (San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press)
- SHAINERMAN, G., (1938). Statistisches uber das kindliche stammeln. Archives Sprach-Summheilk, 2, 176
- SHRIBERG, L., and KWIATKOWSKI, J., (1980) Natural Process Analysis (New York: John Wiley & Sons)
- SIEGEL, G.M., WINaz, H. and CONKEY, H., (1963) The influence of testing instruments on articulatory responses of children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 28, 67–76
- SNOW, K., (1964) A comparative study of sound substitution used by 'normal' first-grade children. Speech Monographs, 31, 135–141
- STENBORG, R., and BENGTSON, I., (1970). Nord Tidskr Tale Stem., 30, 71–76
- STOEL-GAMMON, C., (1985) Phonetic inventories, 12-22 months: A longitudinal study. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 28, 505–512
- TEMPLIN, M.C., (1957) Certain language skills in children, their development and interrelation-ships. Institute of Child Welfare, Monographs Series, No. 26 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press)
- TROUBETZKOY, N.S., (1939) Grundzuge der phonologic (Prague, Czechoslovakia)
- VILMAN, M.M., MACKEN, M.A., MILLER.R., SIMMONS, H., and MILLER, J., (1985) From babbling to speech: a reassessment of continuity issue. Language, 61, 397–445
- VAN RIPER, C., and IRWIN, J.V., (1958) Voice and Articulation (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).
- WELLMAN, B., CASE, I., MENGERT.I. and BRADBURY, D. (1931). Speech sounds of young children. University of Iowa Studies in Child Welfare, 5, 1–82
- WENNER-GREN FOUNDATION (1968) Research Conference on Bantu Origins in Saharan Africa (24–29 March) (Chicago, IL)
- WESTERLUND, J., (1963). Nord Tidskr Tale Stern., 23, 77–89
- WINITZ, H., (1969). Articulatory Acquisition and Behavior (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts)
- Dressler W.U. and Mares F.(Eds), Phonologica, 1972 (Munchen: Wilhelm Fink Verlag)