Pharmacological Inhibition of N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor Promotes Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Müller Cells: Effects of Hyperglycemia and Hypoxia

REFERENCES

• Sarthy V, Ripps H. Structural organization of retinal glia. The retinal Müller cell: Structure and function. (2001). Perspectives in Vision Research. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 2001; pp. 1–33.
   Google Scholar
• Bringmann A, Pannicke T, Grosche J, et al. Müller cells in the healthy and diseased retina. Prog Ret Eye Res. 2006;25:397–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichler W, Yafai Y, Keller T, et al. PEDF derived from glial Müller cells: A possible regulator of retinal angiogenesis. Exp Cell Res. 2004;299:68–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhardinger C, Costa MB, Coulombe MC, et al. Expression of acute-phase response proteins in retinal Müller cells in diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:349–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penn JS, Madan A, Caldwell RB, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2008;27:331–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks SE, Gu X, Kaufmann PM, et al. Modulation of VEGF production by pH and glucose in retinal Müller cells. Curr Eye Res. 1998;17:875–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang ZY, He Z, King BL, et al. Characterization of multiple signaling pathways of insulin in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vascular cells and angiogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:31964–31971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman EA, Reichenbach A. The Müller cell: A functional element of the retina. Trends Neurosci.1996;19:307–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Melo Reis R, Marques Ventura AL, Sampaio Schitine C, et al. Müller glia as an active compartment modulating nervous activity in the vertebrate retina: Neurotransmitters and trophic factors. Neurochem Res. 2008;33:1466–1474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamas M, Lee-Rivera I, López-Colomé AM. Cell-specific expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in Müller glia and neurons from the chick retina. Invest Ophtal Vis Sci. 2005;46:3570–3577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamas M, Lee-Rivera I, Ramírez M, et al. D-serine regulates CREB phosphorylation through NMDA receptor activation in glial cells from the retina. Neurosci Lett. 2007;427:55–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavira-Suárez E, Ramírez M, Lamas M. D-serine/NMDA signaling decreases DNA binding activity of the transcriptional repressor DREAM in Müller glia from the retina. Neurosci Lett. 2008;432:121–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambati J, Chalam KV, Chawla DK, et al. Elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:1161–1166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieth E, Barber AJ, Xu B, et al. Glial reactivity and impaired glutamate metabolism in short-term experimental diabetic retinopathy. Penn State Retina Research Group. Diabetes. 1998;47:815–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg MA, Dunning SP, Bunn HF. Regulation of the erythropoietin gene: Evidence that the oxygen sensor is a heme protein. Science. 1988;242:1412–1415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks D, Courtois Y. The growth and behaviour of rat retinal Muller cells in vitro. 1. An improved method for isolation and culture. Exp Eye Res. 1990;51:119–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das AV, Mallya KB, Zhao X, et al. Neural stem cell properties of Müller glia in the mammalian retina: Regulation by Notch and Wnt signaling. Dev Biol. 2006;299:284–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rameau GA, Akaneya Y, Chiu L, et al. Role of NMDA receptor functional domains in excitatory cell death. Neuropharmacol. 2000;39:2255–2266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Engelhardt J, Coserea I, Pawlak V, et al. Excitotoxicity in vitro by NR2A- and NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacol. 2007;53:10–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor S, Srinivasan B, Wordinger RJ, et al. Glutamate stimulates neurotrophin expression in cultured Müller cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2003;111:189–197.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ogunshola O, Antic A, Donoghue MJ, et al. Paracrine and autocrine functions of neuronal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the central nervous system. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:11410–11415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuh GH, Li B, Crowley C, et al. Requirements for binding and signaling of the kinase domain receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem.1998;273:11197–11204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelton MD, Kern TS, Mieyal JJ. Glutaredoxin regulates nuclear factor kappa-B and intercellular adhesion molecule in Müller cells: Model of diabetic retinopathy. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:12467–12474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertram C, Hass R. Cellular responses to reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage and aging. Biol Chem. 2008;389:211–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiago AR, Cristóvão AJ, Santos PF, et al. High glucose induces caspase-independent cell death in retinal neural cells. Neurobiol Dis. 2007;25:464–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins SG, Conaway JR, Ford BL, et al. Detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in vascular and non-vascular cells of the normal and oxygen-injured rat retina. Growth Factors. 1997;14:229–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhardinger C, Brown LF, Roy S, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human retina an in non proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Pathol. 1998;152:1453–1462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata N, Tombran-Tink J, Nishikawa M, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor in the vitreous is low in diabetic retinopathy and high in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132:378–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata N, Nishikawa M, Nishimura T, et al. Unbalanced vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;132:348–353.
   Google Scholar
• Do Carmo A, Ramos P, Reis A, et al. Breakdown of the inner and outer blood retinal barrier in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Exp Eye Res. 1998;67:569–575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa S, Nakazawa M, Ishikawa A, et al. Alteration of glutamine concentration in the vitreous humor in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Curr Eye Res. 1995;14:191–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puro DG. Diabetes-induced dysfunction of retinal Müller cells. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2002;100:339–352.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ng YK, Zeng XX, Ling EA. Expression of glutamate receptors and calcium-binding proteins in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Brain Res. 2004;1018:66–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiago AR, Hughes JM, Kamphuis W, et al. Diabetes changes ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit expression level in the human retina. Brain Res. 2008;10:1198–1539.
   Google Scholar
• Szatkowski M, Barbour B, Attwell D. Non-vesicular release of glutamate from glial cells by reversed electrogenic glutamate uptake. Nature. 1990;348:443–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulaki V, Qin W, Joussen AM, et al. Acute intensive insulin therapy exacerbates diabetic blood-retinal barrier breakdown via hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and VEGF. J Clin Invest. 2002;109:805–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miele C, Rochford JJ, Filippa N, et al. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I induce vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression via different signaling pathways. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:21695–21702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelzer E, Levy Y, Kahana C, et al. Insulin induces transcription of target genes through the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1alpha/ARNT. EMBO J. 1998;17:5085–5094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu M, Amano S, Miyamoto K, et al. Insulin-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in retina. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:3281–3286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn YM, Seo MS, Kim SH, et al. Increased phosphorylation of Ser473-Akt, Ser9-GSK-3beta and Ser133-CREB in the rat frontal cortex after MK801 intraperitoneal injection. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;8:607–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo MS, Kim SH, Ahn YM, et al. The effects of repeated administrations of MK801 on ERK and GSK-3beta signaling pathways in the rat frontal cortex. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007;10:359–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo R, Cavaliere F, Berliocchi L, et al. Modulation of pro-survival and death-associated pathways under retinal ischemia/reperfusion: Effects of NMDA receptor blockade. J Neurochem. 2008;107:1347–1357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saint-Geniez M, Maharaj ASR, Walshe TE, et al. Endogenous VEGF is required for visual function: Evidence for a survival role on Müller cells and photoreceptors. PLoS One 2008;3:e3554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar