526
Views
58
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Impact of Time Between Collection and Collection Method on Human Tear Fluid Osmolarity

, &
Pages 428-436 | Received 27 Aug 2012, Accepted 31 Dec 2012, Published online: 12 Feb 2013

References

  • Balik J. The lacrimal fluid in keratoconjunctivitis sicca; a quantitative and qualitative investigation. Am J Ophthalmol 1952;35:1773–1782
  • Schaeffer AJ. Osmotic pressure of the extraocular and intraocular fluids. Arch Ophthal 1950;43:1026–1035
  • Von Bahr G. Könnte der flüssigeitsabgang durch die cornea von physiolgischer bedetung sein? Acta Ophthalmol 1950;19:125–134
  • Mastman GJ, Baldes EJ, Henderson JW. The total osmotic pressure of tears in normal and various pathologic conditions. Arch Ophthalmol 1961;65:509–513
  • Gilbard JP. Tear film osmolarity and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. CLAO J 1985;11:243–250
  • Gilbard JP, Dartt DA. Changes in rabbit lacrimal gland fluid osmolarity with flow rate. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;23:804–806
  • Gilbard JP, Farris RL. Tear osmolarity and ocular surface disease in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:1642–1646
  • Gilbard JP, Farris RL. Ocular surface drying and tear film osmolarity in thyroid eye disease. Acta Ophthalmol 1983;61:108–116
  • Gilbard JP, Farris RL, Santamaria II J. Osmolarity of tear microvolumes in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:677–681
  • Farris RL. Tear analysis in contact lens wearers. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1985;83:501–545
  • Farris RL, Stuchell RN, Mandel ID. Basal and reflex human tear analysis. I. Physical measurements: osmolarity, basal volumes, and reflex flow rate. Ophthalmology 1981;88:852–857
  • Farris RL, Stuchell RN, Mandel ID. Tear osmolarity variation in the dry eye. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1986;84:250–268
  • Benjamin WJ, Armitage BS, Woloschak MJ, Hill RM. Nanoliter tracking of the tears. J Am Optom Assoc 1983;54:243–244
  • Benjamin WJ, Hill RM. Human tears: osmotic characteristics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983;24:1624–1626
  • Benjamin WJ, Hill RM. Tear osmotic differences across the ocular surface. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1986;224:583–586
  • Lemp MA, Baudouin C, Baum J, Dogru M, Foulks GN, Kinoshita S, et al. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007;5:75–92
  • Liu H, Begley C, Chen M, Bradley A, Bonanno J, McNamara NA, et al. A link between tear instability and hyperosmolarity in dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:3671–3679
  • Zuklyte R, Farris RL. Precision of the Clifton nanoliter osmometer in testing for dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37:S854
  • Anagnoste SR, Hall LS, Lisman RD. Vapor pressure osmolarity of tears as a clinical tool for evaluation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37:S852
  • Dabney BW, Robertson DM, Tran A, Leach NE, Bergmanson JP. Tear analysis in contact lens wearers assessing osmolality and volume. Optom Vis Sci 2000;77:265
  • Terry JE, Hill RM. Human tear osmotic pressure: diurnal variations and the closed eye. Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:120–122
  • Nelson JD, Wright JC. Tear film osmolality determination: an evaluation of potential errors in measurement. Curr Eye Res 1986;5:677–681
  • Ogasawara K, Mitsubayashi K, Tsuru T, Karube I. Electrical conductivity of tear fluid in healthy persons and keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients measured by a flexible conductimetric sensor. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1996;234:542–546
  • Gaffney EA, Tiffany JM, Yokoi N, Bron AJ. A mass and solute balance model for tear volume and osmolarity in the normal and the dry eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010;29:59–78
  • Schiffman RM, Christianson MD, Jacobsen G, Hirsch JD, Reis BL. Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:615–621
  • Lemp MA, Bron AJ, Baudouin C, Benitez Del Castillo JM, Geffen D, Tauber J, et al. Tear osmolarity in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;151:792–798
  • Sullivan BD, Crews LA, Sonmez B, de la Paz MF, Comert E, Charoenrook V, et al. Clinical utility of objective tests for dry eye disease: variability over time and implications for clinical trials and disease management. Cornea 2012;31:1000--1008
  • Eperjesi F, Aujla M, Bartlett H. Reproducibility and repeatability of the OcuSense TearLab osmometer. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012;250:1201--1250
  • Khanal S, Millar TJ. Barriers to clinical uptake of tear osmolarity measurements. Br J Ophthalmol 2012;96:341–344
  • Nelson JD, Farris RL. Sodium hyaluronate and polyvinyl alcohol artificial tear preparations. A comparison in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106:484–487
  • Jacobi C, Jacobi A, Kruse FE, Cursiefen C. Tear film osmolarity measurements in dry eye disease using electrical impedance technology. Cornea 2011;30:1289–1292
  • Tomlinson A, Khanal S, Ramaesh K, Diaper C, McFadyen A. Tear film osmolarity: determination of a referent for dry eye diagnosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:4309–4315
  • Fortes MB, Diment BC, Di Felice U, Gunn AE, Kendall JL, Esmaeelpour M, et al. Tear fluid osmolarity as a potential marker of hydration status. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011;43:1590–1597
  • Tomlinson A, McCann LC, Pearce EI. Comparison of human tear film osmolarity measured by electrical impedance and freezing point depression techniques. Cornea 2010;29:1036–1041
  • Benelli U, Nardi M, Posarelli C, Albert TG. Tear osmolarity measurement using the TearLab Osmolarity System in the assessment of dry eye treatment effectiveness. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010;33:61–67
  • Sullivan BD, Whitmer D, Nichols KK, Tomlinson A, Foulks GN, Geerling G, et al. An objective approach to dry eye disease severity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:6125–6130
  • Goren MB, Goren SB. Diagnostic tests in patients with symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Am J Ophthalmol 1988;106:570–574
  • Nichols KK, Nichols JJ, Mitchell GL. The lack of association between signs and symptoms in patients with dry eye disease. Cornea 2004;23:762–770
  • Ozcura F, Aydin S, Helvaci MR. Ocular surface disease index for the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2007;15:389–393
  • Schein OD, Tielsch JM, Munoz B, Bandeen-Roche K, West S. Relation between signs and symptoms of dry eye in the elderly. A population-based perspective. Ophthalmology 1997;104:1395–1401
  • Tuisku IS, Konttinen YT, Konttinen LM, Tervo TM. Alterations in corneal sensitivity and nerve morphology in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2008;86:879–885
  • Sullivan BD, Crews LA, Messmer EM, Foulks GN, Nichols KK, Lemp MA. Correlation between commonly used clinical tests in the management of dry eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:E-Abstract 550

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.