Epithelial Apoptosis and Loss in Airways of Children with Asthma

References

• Holgate ST. The airway epithelium is central to the pathogenesis of asthma. Allergol Int 2008; 57:1–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hackett TL, Knight DA. The role of epithelial injury and repair in the origins of asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 7:63–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trautmann A, Kruger K, Akdis M, Muller-Wening D, Akkaya A, Brocker EB, Blaser K, Akdis CA. Apoptosis and loss of adhesion of bronchial epithelial cells in asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 138:142–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trautmann A, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Krüger K, Crameri R, Akdis M, Akkaya A, Bröcker EB, Blaser K, Akdis CA. T cells and eosinophils cooperate in the induction of bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 109:329–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benayoun L, Letuve S, Druilhe A, Boczkowski J, Dombret MC, Mechighel P, Megret J, Leseche G, Aubier M, Pretolani M. Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in human asthmatic airways relationship with proliferation, apoptosis, and airway remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1487–1494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comhair SA, Xu W, Ghosh S, Thunnissen FB, Almasan A, Calhoun WJ, Janocha AJ, Zheng L, Hazen SL, Erzurum SC. Superoxide dismutase inactivation in pathophysiology of asthmatic airway remodeling and reactivity. Am J Pathology 2005; 166:663–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2008. Available at: http://www.ginasthma.com/Guidelineitem.asp??l1=2&l2=1&intId=1561
   Google Scholar
• The Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases of the Society of Pediatrics Chinese Medical Association. Guideline for the diagnosis and optimal management of asthma in children. Chin J Pediatrics 2008; 46:745–753.
   Google Scholar
• Busse WW, Lemanske RF, Jr. Asthma. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:350–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tattersfield AE, Knox AJ, Britton JR, Hall IP. Asthma. Lancet 2002; 360(9342):1313–1322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• James A. Airway remodeling in asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005; 11:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vignola AM, Mirabella F, Costanzo G, Digiorgi R, Gjomarkaj M, Bellia V, Bonsignore G. Airway remodeling in asthma. Chest 2003; 123(Suppl. 3):417s–422s.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barbato A, Turato G, Baraldo S, Bazzan E, Calabrese F, Panizzolo C, Zanin ME, Zuin R, Maestrelli P, Fabbri LM, Saetta M. Epithelial damage and angiogenesis in the airways of children with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:975–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ordoñez C, Ferrando R, Hyde DM, Wong HH, Fahy JV. Epithelial desquamation in asthma: artifact or pathology? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162:2324–2329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorscheid DR, Wojcik KR, Sun S, Marroquin B, White SR. Apoptosis of airway epithelial cells induced by corticosteroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1939–1947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White SR, Dorscheid DR. Corticosteroid-induced apoptosis of airway epithelium: a potential mechanism for chronic airway epithelial damage in asthma. Chest 2002; 122:278S–284S.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jenkins HA, Cool C, Szefler SJ, Covar R, Brugman S, Gelfand EW, Spahn JD. Histopathology of severe childhood asthma: a case series. Chest 2003; 124:32–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Blic J, Tillie-Leblond I, Tonnel AB, Jaubert F, Scheinmann P, Gosset P. Difficult asthma in children: an analysis of airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113:94–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne DN, Rogers AV, Adelroth E, Bandi V, Guntupalli KK, Bush A, Jeffery PK. Early thickening of the reticular basement membrane in children with difficult asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167:78–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush A, de Jongste JC, Carlsen KH. Ultrastructural examination of bronchial specimens from children with moderate asthma. Thorax 2003; 58:187.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barbato A, Turato G, Baraldo S, Bazzan E, Calabrese F, Tura M, Zuin R, Beghe B, Maestrelli P, Fabbri LM, Saetta M. Airway inflammation in childhood asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:798–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saglani S, Malmstrom K, Pelkonen AS, Malmberg LP, Lindahl H, Kajosaari M, Turpeinen M, Rogers AV, Payne DN, Bush A, Haahtela T, Mäkelä MJ, Jeffery PK. Airway remodeling and inflammation in symptomatic infants with reversible airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:722–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohunek P, Warner JO, Turzikova J, Kudrmann J, Roche WR. Markers of eosinophilic inflammation and tissue re-modelling in children before clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16:43–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar