Long-Acting Beta-Agonists and the Risk of Intensive Care Unit Admission in Children

References

• FDA Drug Safety Communication: new safety requirements for long-acting inhaled asthma medications called long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs). Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm200776.htm. Accessed February 18, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Castle W, Fuller R, Hall J, Palmer J. Serevent nationwide surveillance study: comparison of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients who require regular bronchodilator treatment. BMJ 1993; 306:1034–1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, Yancey SW, Dorinsky PM; SMART Study Group. The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol. Chest 2006; 129:15–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazani S, Ware JH, Drazen JM, Taylor DR, Sears MR. The safety of long-acting beta-agonists: more evidence is needed. Respirology 2010; 15:881–886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherall M, Wijesignhe M, Perrin K, Beasley R. Long-acting beta-agonists and asthma death: how useful are different study designs to evaluate the potential association. J Asthma 2010; 47:434–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst P, McIvor A, Ducharme FM, Boulet LP, FitzGerald M, Chapman KR, Bai T; Canadian Asthma Guideline Group. Safety and effectiveness of long-acting inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators when taken with inhaled corticosteroids. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145:692–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann M, Chowdhury B, Sullivan E, Nicklas R, Anthracite R, Meyer RJ. Serious asthma exacerbations in asthmatics treated with high-dose formoterol. Chest 2003; 124:70–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Ormiston TM, Saltpeter EE. Meta-analysis: effect of long-acting beta-agonists on severe asthma exacerbations and asthma-related deaths. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144:904–912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salpeter SR, Wall AJ, Buckley NS. Long-acting beta-agonists with and without inhaled corticosteroids and catastrophic asthma events. Am J Med 2010; 123:322–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe J, Laforce C, Friedman B, Sokol W, Till D, Della Cioppa G. van As A. Formoterol, 24 microg bid, and serious asthma exacerbations: similar rates compared with formoterol, 12 microg bid, with and without extra doses taken on demand, and placebo. Chest 2006; 129:27–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman E, Nelson H, Bousquet J, Kral K, Sutton L, Ortega H, Yancey S. Meta-analysis: effects of adding salmeterol to inhaled corticosteroids on serious asthma-related events. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149:33–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke R, O’Byrne PM, Mejza F, Nair P, Lesniak W, Brozek J, Thabane L, Cheng J, Schunemann HJ, Sears MR, Guyatt G. The safety of long-acting beta-agonists among patients with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids: systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:1009–1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke R, O’Byrne PM, Nair P, Mejza F, Lesniak W, Brozek J, Thabane L, Cheng J, Bala M, Schunemann HJ, Sears MR, Guyatt G. The safety of formoterol among patients with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2008; 118:627–635.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sears MR, Ottosson A, Radner F, Suissa S. Long-acting beta-agonists: a review of formoterol safety data from asthma clinical trials. Eur Respir J 2009; 33:21–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenson M. Long-acting beta-agonists and adverse asthma events meta-analysis. US Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Joint meeting of the Pulmonary-Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee, Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee and the Pediatric Advisory Committee, Silver Spring, MD, December 10, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Bisgaard H. Effect of long-acting β2 agonists on exacerbation rates of asthma in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003; 36:391–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipps B. Reply to Dr. Bisgaard. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004; 38:174–176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price JF, Radner F, Lenney W, Lindberg B. Safety of formoterol in children and adolescents: experience from asthma clinical trials. Arch Dis Child 2010; 95:1047–1053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon AW, Levenson MS, McEvoy BW, Mosholder AD, Murphy D. Age and risks of FDA-approved long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists. Pediatrics 2011; 128:e1147–e1154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma-summary report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:S94–S138.
   Google Scholar
• Moorman JE, Rudd RA, Johnson CA, King M, Minor P, Bailey C, Scalia MR, Akinbami LJ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National surveillance for asthma–United States, 1980–2004. MMWR Surveill Summ 2007; 56:1–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cates CJ, Cates MJ. Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; CD006363.
   Google Scholar
• Sears MR. Safe use of long-acting beta-agonists: what have we learnt? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011; 10:767–778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters EH, Gibson PG, Lasserson TJ, Walters JA. Long-acting beta2-agonists for chronic asthma in adults and children where background therapy contains varied or no inhaled corticosteroid. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; CD001385.
   Google Scholar