Pediatric pulmonologists approach to the pre-operative management of the asthmatic child

References

• Pearce N, Ait-Khaled N, Beasley R, Mallol J, Keil U, Robertson C. The ISAAC phase three study Group: worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax 2007;62:758–766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom B, Cohen RA, Freeman G. Summary health statistics for U.S. children: National Health Interview Survey. 2007. Vital Health Stat 2009;10:1–80
   Google Scholar
• Von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Boda K, Chambers NA, Rebmann C, Johnson C, Sly PD, Habre W. Risk assessment for respiratory complications in paediatric anaesthesia: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2010;376:773–783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orestes M, Lander L, Verghese S, Shah RK. Incidence of laryngospasm and bronchospasm in pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Laryngoscope 2012;122:425–428
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Regli A, von Ungern-Sternberg BS. Anesthesia and ventilation strategies in children with asthma: part I – preoperative assessment. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2014;27:288–294
   Google Scholar
• Smith RW, Downey K, Hudak A, Meeder R, Barker S, Smith WG. Prevalence of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression in children treated for asthma with inhaled corticosteroids. Peadiatr Child Health 2012;17:e34–e39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su FW, Beckman DB, Yarnold PA, Grammer LC. Low incidence of complications in asthmatic patients treated with preoperative corticosteroids. Allergy Asthma Proc 2004;25:327–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitsuta K, Shimoda T, Fukushima C, Obase Y, Ayabe H, Matsuse H, Kohno S. Preoperative steroid therapy inhibits cytokine production in the lung parenchyma in asthmatic patients. Chest 2001;120:175–183
   Google Scholar
• Kobalin CS, Yarnold PR, Grammer LC. Low complication rate of corticosteroid-treated asthmatics undergoing surgical procedures. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1379–1384
   Google Scholar
• Silvanus MT, Groeben H, Peters J. Corticosteroids and inhaled salbutamol in patients with reversible airway obstruction markedly decrease the incidence of bronchospasm after tracheal intubation. Anesthesiology 2004;100:1052–1057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scalfaro P, Sly PD, Sims C, Habre W. Salbutamol prevents the increase of respiratory resistance caused by tracheal intubation during sevoflurane anesthesia in asthmatic children. Anesth Analg 2001;93:898–902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groeben H, Silvanus MT, Beste M, Peters J. Combined lidocaine and salbutamol inhalation for airway anesthesia markedly protects against reflex bronchoconstriction. Chest 2000;118:509–515
   Google Scholar
• Maslow AD, Regan MM, Israel E, Darvish A, Mehrez M, Boughton R, Loring SH. Inhaled albuterol, but not intravenous lidocaine, protects against intubation-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Anesthesiology 2000;93:1198–1204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ie K, Yoshizawa A, Hirano S, Izumi S, Hojo M, Sugiyama H, Kobayasi N, et al. A survey of perioperative asthmatic attack among patients with bronchial asthma underwent general anesthesia. Arerugi 2010;59:831–838
   Google Scholar
• Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma – summary report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120:S94–S138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stasic AF. Perioperative implications of common respiratory problems. Semin Pediatric Surg 2004;13:174–180
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2012. Available at: www.ginasthma.org [last accessed 12 Mar 2013]
   Google Scholar
• Liccardi G, Salzillo A, De Blasio F, D'Amato G. Control of asthma for reducing the risk of bronchospasm in asthmatics undergoing general anesthesia and/or intravascular administration of radiographic contrast media. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25:1621–1630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauer R, Vadi M, Mason L. Anaesthetic management of the child with co-existing pulmonary disease. Br J Anaesth 2012;109:i47–i59
   Google Scholar
• Busse WW, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Coe C, Martin RJ, Weiss ST, Parker SR. NHLBI Workshop summary. Stress and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:249–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pien LC, Grammer LC, Patterson R. Minimal complications in a surgical population with severe asthma receiving prophylactic corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;82:696–700
   Google Scholar
• Wang AS, Armstrong EJ, Armstrong AW. Corticosteroids and wound healing: clinical considerations in the perioperative period. Am J Surg 2013;206:410–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smetana G. Strategies to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. UpToDate 2012. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/strategies-to-reduce-postoperative-pulmonary-complications
   Google Scholar
• Abu-Shahwan I. Ambulatory anesthesia and the lack of consensus among Canadian pediatric anesthesiologists: a survey. Paediatr Anaesth 2007;17:223–229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar