27
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Parental Smoking Behavior and the Urinary Cotinine Levels of Asthmatic Children

, , &
Pages 171-175 | Published online: 02 Jul 2009

References

  • Weiss ST, Tager IB, Schenker M, Speizer PE. The health effects of involuntary smoking. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128: 933–942
  • Samet JM, Marbury MC, Spengler JD. Health effects and sources of indoor air pollution. Part 1. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136: 1486–1508
  • Fielding JE, Phenow KJ. Health effects of involuntary smoking. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1452–1460
  • Chilmonczyk BA, Salmun LM, Megathlin KN, Ne-Veux LM, Palomaki GE, Knight GJ, Pulkkinen AJ, Haddow JE. Association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and exacerbations of asthma in children. N Engl j Med 1993; 328: 1665–1669
  • Boyle P. The hazards of passive and active smoking. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1708–1709
  • Murray AB, Morrison BJ. The effect of cigarette smoke from the mother on bronchial responsiveness and severity of symptoms in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 77: 575–581
  • Murray AB, Morrison BJ. Passive smoking and the seasonal difference of severity of asthma in children. Chest 1988; 94: 701–708
  • Frischer T, Kuehr J, Meinert R. Maternal smoking in early childhood: a risk factor for bronchial responsiveness to exercise in primary school children. J Pediatr 1992; 121: 17–22
  • Martinez FD, Antognoni G, Macri F. Parental smoking enhances bronchial responsiveness in nine-year-old children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138: 518–523
  • Evans D, Levison MJ, Feldman CH. The impact of passive smoking on emergency room visits of urban children with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 138: 567–572
  • Starchan DP, Martin JJ, Feyerabend C. The relationship of salivary cotinine to respiratory symptoms, spirometry and exercise-induced bronchospasm in seven-year-old children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 147–151
  • Reese AC, James IR, Landau Li Lesouef PN. Relationship between urinary cotinine levels and diagnosis in children admitted to hospital. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 66–70
  • Winkelstein ML, Tarzian A, Wood RA. Parental smoking behavior and passive smoke exposure in children with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997; 78(4)419–423
  • Ronchetti R, Bonci E, Martinez FD. Passive smoking in childhood-tobacco smoke. Lung 1990; 168: 313–319, (Suppl)
  • Ogborn CJ, Duggan AK, De Angelis C. Urinary cotinine as a measure of passive smoke exposure in asthmatic children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1994; 33(4)220–226
  • Clark SJ, Warner JO, Dean TP. Passive smoking amongst asthmatic children. Questionnaire or objective assessment?. Clin Exp Allergy 1994; 24: 276–280

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.