Towards a better understanding of bone bridge formation in the growth plate – an immunohistochemical approach

References

• Ballock RT, O'Keefe RJ. Physiology and pathophysiology of the growth plate. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 2003;69:123–43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ballock RT, O'Keefe RJ. The biology of the growth plate. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85-A:715–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones IE, Williams SM, Dow N, Goulding A. How many children remain fracture-free during growth? A longitudinal study of children and adolescents participating in the dunedin multidisciplinary health and development study. Osteoporos Int 2002;13:990–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey RW, Dubow HI. Evolution of the concept of an extensible nail accommodating to normal longitudinal bone growth: clinical considerations and implications. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1981;159:157–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wattenbarger JM, Gruber HE, Phieffer LS. Physeal fractures, part I: histologic features of bone, cartilage, and bar formation in a small animal model. J Pediatr Orthop 2002;22:703–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden JA. Skeletal injury in the child. New York: Springer; 2000
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro F. Epiphyseal disorders. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1702–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laer LV. Frakturen und luxationen im wachstumsalter. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2013
   Google Scholar
• Trouvin AP, Goëb V. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand and osteoprotegerin: maintaining the balance to prevent bone loss. Clin Interv Aging 2010;5:345–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung R, Wong D, Macsai C, Piergentili A, Del Bello F, Quaglia W, Xian CJ. Roles of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in the bony repair of injured growth plate cartilage in young rats. Bone 2013;52:651–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linsenmayer TF, Eavey RD, Schmid TM. Type X collagen: a hypertrophic cartilage-specific molecule. Pathol Immunopathol Res 1988;7:14–19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reichenberger E, Aigner T, von der Mark K, Stöss H, Bertling W. In situ hybridization studies on the expression of type X collagen in fetal human cartilage. Dev Biol 1991;148:562–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngo TQ, Scherer MA, Zhou FH, Foster BK, Xian CJ. Expression of bone morphogenic proteins and receptors at the injured growth plate cartilage in young rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2006;54:945–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogrefe C, Joos H, Maheswaran V, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Brenner RE. Single impact cartilage trauma and TNF-α: interactive effects do not increase early cell death and indicate the need for bi-/multidirectional therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Med 2012;30:1225--32
   Google Scholar
• Swärd P, Frobell R, Englund M, Roos H, Struglics A. Cartilage and bone markers and inflammatory cytokines are increased in synovial fluid in the acute phase of knee injury (hemarthrosis) -- a cross-sectional analysis. Osteoarthr Cartilage 2012;20:1302--8
   Google Scholar
• Gaspari S, Marcovecchio ML, Breda L, Chiarelli F. Growth in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the role of inflammation. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011;29:104–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musumeci G, Loreto C, Clementi G, Fiore CE, Martinez G. An in vivo experimental study on osteopenia in diabetic rats. Acta Histochem 2011;113:619–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodella LF, Favero G, Boninsegna R, Borgonovo A, Rezzani R, Santoro F. TGF-beta1 and VEGF after fresh frozen bone allograft insertion in oral-maxillo-facial surgery. Histol Histopathol 2010;25:463–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musumeci G, Loreto C, Carnazza ML, Cardile V, Leonardi R. Acute injury affects lubricin expression in knee menisci: an immunohistochemical study. Ann Anat 2013;195:151--8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung R, Foster BK, Xian CJ. Injury responses and repair mechanisms of the injured growth plate. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2011;3:117–25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pichler K, Schmidt B, Fischerauer EE, Rinner B, Dohr G, Leithner A, Weinberg AM. Behaviour of human physeal chondro-progenitorcells in early growth plate injury response in vitro. Int Orthop 2012;36:1961--6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung R, Cool JC, Scherer MA, Foster BK, Xian CJ. Roles of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response in the bony repair of injured growth plate cartilage in young rats. J Leukoc Biol 2006;80:1272–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva I, Branco JC. RANK/RANKL/OPG: literature review. Acta Reumatol Port 2011;36:209–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macsai CE, Georgiou KR, Foster BK, Zannettino AC, Xian CJ. Microarray expression analysis of genes and pathways involved in growth plate cartilage injury responses and bony repair. Bone 2012;50:1081–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng H, Jiang W, Phillips FM, Haydon RC, Peng Y, Zhou L, Luu HH, An N, Breyer B, Vanichakarn P, Szatkowski JP, Park JY, He TC. Osteogenic activity of the fourteen types of human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85-A:1544–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canalis E, Economides AN, Gazzerro E. Bone morphogenetic proteins, their antagonists, and the skeleton. Endocr Rev 2003;24:218–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilsman NJ, Farnum CE, Leiferman EM, Fry M, Barreto C. Differential growth by growth plates as a function of multiple parameters of chondrocytic kinetics. J Orthop Res 1996;14:927–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe DG, McGee-Lawrence ME, Oursler MJ, Westendorf JJ. Update on Wnt signaling in bone cell biology and bone disease. Gene 2012;492:1–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar