Uphill running does not exacerbate collagenase-induced pathological changes in the Achilles tendon of rats selectively bred for high-capacity running

References

• Puddu G, Ippolito E, Postacchini F. A classification of Achilles tendon disease. Am J Sports Med 1976;4:145–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kannus P, Jozsa L. Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991;73:1507–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan KM, Cook JL, Bonar F, Harcourt P, Åstrom M. Histopathology of common tendinopathies: update and implications for clinical management. Sports Med 1999;27:393–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirks RC, Warden SJ. Models for the study of tendinopathy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2011;11:141–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lui PP, Maffulli N, Rolf C, Smith RK. What are the validated animal models for tendinopathy? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011;21:3–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soslowsky LJ, Thomopoulos S, Tun S, Flanagan CL, Keefer CC, Mastaw J, Carpenter JE. Overuse activity injures the supraspinatus tendon in an animal model: a histologic and biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9:79–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbe MF, Barr AE, Gorzelany I, Amin M, Gaughan JP, Safadi FF. Chronic repetitive reaching and grasping results in decreased motor performance and widespread tissue responses in a rat model of MSD. J Orthop Res 2003;21:167–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung DT, Wang VM, Laudier DM, Shine JH, Basta-Pljakic J, Jepsen KJ, Schaffler MB, Flatow EL. Subrupture tendon fatigue damage. J Orthop Res 2009;27:264–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pingel J, Fredberg U, Qvortrup K, Larsen JO, Schjerling P, Heinemeier K, Kjaer M, Landberg H. Local biochemical and morphological differences in human Achilles tendinopathy: a case control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012;13:53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YJ, Wang CJ, Yang KD, Kuo YR, Huang HC, Huang YT, Sun YC, Wang FS. Extracorporeal shock waves promote healing of collagenase-induced Achilles tendinitis and increase TGF-beta1 and IGF-I expression. J Orthop Res 2004;22:854–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godbout C, Ang O, Frenette J. Early voluntary exercise does not promote healing in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury. J Appl Physiol 2006;101:1720–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsolais D, Cote CH, Frenette J. Neutrophils and macrophages accumulate sequentially following Achilles tendon injury. J Orthop Res 2001;19:1203–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzel BJ, Nindl G, Swez JA, Johnson MT. Quantitative characterization of rat tendinitis to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Biomed Sci Inst 2002;38:157–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glazebrook MA, Wright JR, Jr., Langman M, Stanish WD, Lee JM. Histological analysis of achilles tendons in an overuse rat model. J Orthop Res 2008;26:840–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng GY, Chung PY, Wang JS, Cheung RT. Enforced bipedal downhill running induces Achilles tendinosis in rats. Connect Tissue Res 2011;52:466–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemeier KM, Skovgaard D, Bayer ML, Qvortrup K, Kjaer A, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP, Kongsgaard M. Uphill running improves rat Achilles tendon tissue mechanical properties and alters gene expression without inducing pathological changes. J Appl Physiol 2012;113:827–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soslowsky LJ, Carpenter JE, DeBano CM, Banerji I, Moalli MR. Development and use of an animal model for investigations on rotator cuff disease. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1996;5:383–92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soslowsky LJ, Thomopoulos S, Esmail A, Flanagan CL, Iannotti JP, Williamson III JD, Carpenter JE. Rotator cuff tendinosis in an animal model: role of extrinsic and overuse factors. Ann Biomed Eng 2002;30:1057–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch LG, Britton SL. Artificial selection for intrinsic aerobic endurance running capacity in rats. Physiol Gen 2001;5:45–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers AR, Earls KD, Biknevicius AR. Locomotor kinetics and kinematics on inclines and declines in the gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica. J Exp Biol 2006;209:4154–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtwark GA, Wilson AM. Interactions between the human gastrocnemius muscle and the Achilles tendon during incline, level and decline locomotion. J Exp Biol 2006;209:4379–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirks RC, Richard JS, Fearon AM, Scott A, Koch LG, Britton SL, Warden SJ. Uphill treadmill running does not induce histopathological changes in the rat Achilles tendon. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013;14:90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook JL, Feller JA, Bonar SF, Khan KM. Abnormal tenocyte morphology is more prevalent than collagen disruption in asymptomatic athletes' patellar tendons. J Orthop Res 2004;22:334–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maffulli N, Testa V, Capasso G, Ewen SW, Sullo A, Benazzo F, King JB. Similar histopathological picture in males with Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:1470–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott A, Cook JL, Hart DA, Walker DC, Duronio V, Khan KM. Tenocyte responses to mechanical loading in vivo: a role for local insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling in early tendinosis in rats. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:871–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham T, Fong G, Scott A. Second harmonic generation analysis of early Achilles tendinosis in response to in vivo mechanical loading. BMC Musculosk Disord 2011;12:26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang TF, Perry SM, Soslowsky LJ. The effect of overuse activity on Achilles tendon in an animal model: a biomechanical study. Ann Biomed Eng 2004;32:336–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva RD, Glazebrook MA, Campos VC, Vasconcelos AC. Achilles tendinosis: a morphometrical study in a rat model. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2011;4:683–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wisloff U, Helgerud J, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen O. Intensity-controlled treadmill running in rats: VO(2 max) and cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001;280:H1301–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell JC, Epling WF, Pierce D, Amy RM, Boer DP. Induction of voluntary prolonged running by rats. J Appl Physiol 1987;63:2549–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warden SJ. Animal models for the study of tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:232–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Buono A, Battery L, Denaro V, Maccauro G, Maffulli N. Tendinopathy and inflammation: some truths. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011;24:45–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott A. The fundamental role of inflammation in tendon injury. Curr Med Res Opin 2013;29:3–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar