General Principle of Ordered Apatitic Crystal Formation in Enamel and Collagen Rich Hard Tissues

References

• Steve-Bocciarelli D. Morphology of crystallites in bone. Calcif. Tissue Res. 1970; 5: 261–269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Landis W. J., Hauschka B. T., Rogerson C. A., Glimcher M. J. Electron microscopic observations of bone tissue prepared by ultracryomicrotomy. J. Ultra-struct. 1977; 59: 185–206
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Landis W. J., Glimcher M. J. Electron optical and analytical observations of rat growth plate cartilage prepared by ultracryomicrotomy. J. Ultraslruc. Res. 1982; 78: 227–268
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glimcher M. J. The chemistry and biology of mineralized connective tissues. On the Form and Function of Bone: From Molecules to Organs, A. Veis. Elsevier/North-Holland, New York 1981; 617–673
   Google Scholar
• Glimcher M. J. The nature of the mineral component of bone and the mechanism of calcification. Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, F. L. Coe, M. J. Flavus. Raven Press, New York 1992; 265–286
   Google Scholar
• Bonar L. C., Grynpas M. D., Roberts J. E., Griffin R. G., Glimcher M. J. Physical and chemical characterisation of the development and maturation of bone mineral. The Chemistry and Biology of Mineralised Tissues, W. T. Butler, Birmingham 1985; 226–233
   Google Scholar
• Weiner S., Traub W. Organization of hydroxyapatite crystals within collagen fibrils. FEBS Lett. 1986; 206: 262–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner S., Traub W. Crystal size and organization in bone. Conn. Tissue Res. 1989; 21: 259–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traub W., Arad T., Weiner S. Three-dimensional ordered distribution of crystals in turkey tendon collagen fibers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set USA 1989; 86: 9822–9826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arena J., McEwen B. F., Song M. J., Landis W. J. A study of the mineralisation of bone by high voltage electron microscopic tomography. Proc. 50th Annual Meeting of the EMSA, G. W. Bailey, J. Bentley, J. A. Small. San Francisco Press, San Francisco 1992; 582–583
   Google Scholar
• Höhling H. J. Special aspects of biomineralisation of dental tissues. Handbook of Microscopic Anatomy, A. Oksche, L. Vollrath. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1989; Vol. V/6: 475–524
   Google Scholar
• Höhling H. J., Kreilos R., Neubauer G., Boyde A. Electron microscopy and electron microscopical measurements of collagen mineralisation in hard tissue. Z. Zellforsch. 1971; 122: 36–52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Höhling H. J., Neubauer G., Scholz F., Boyde A., Heine H. G., Reimer L. Electron microscopical and electron laser diffraction studies of the nucleation and growth of crystals in the organic matrix of dentine. Z. Zellforsch. 1971; 117: 381–393
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Höhling H. J., Barckhaus R. H., Krefting E. R. Hard tissue formation in collagen-rich systems. Calcium phosphate nucleation and organic matrix. TIBS 1980; 5: 1–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyde A. Transmission electron microscopy of ion beam thinned dentine. Cell Tissue Res. 1974; 152: 543–550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonucci E. The structural basis of calcification. Ultrastructure of the Connective Tissue Matrix, A. Ruggeri, P. M. Motta. Matinius Nijhoft, Boston, The Hague, Dordrecht, Lancaster 1985; 165–191
   Google Scholar
• Katz E. P., Wachtel E., Yamauchi M., Mechanic G. The structure of mineralized collagen fibrils. Conn. Tissue Res. 1989; 21: 149–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner S., Arad T., Traub W. The structure of bone lamellae. FEBS Lett. 1991; 285: 49–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traub W., Arad T., Weiner S. Growth of mineral crystals in turkey tendon collagen fibers. Conn. Tissue Res. 1992; 28: 99–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuisinier F. J. G., Steuer P., Senger J. C., Voegel J. C., Frank R. M. Human amelogenesis: high resolution electron microscopy of nanometer-sized particles. Cell Tissue Res. 1993; 273: 175–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plate U., Höhling H. J. Morphological and structural studies of early formation in enamel of rat incisors by electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) and electron spectroscopic diffraction (ESD). Cell Tissue Res. 1994; 277: 151–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Höhling H. J. Die Bauelemente von Zahnschmelz und Dentin aus morphologischer, chemischer und struktureller Sicht. Hanser-Verlag, München 1966
   Google Scholar
• Höhling H. J. Do conformities exist between the earliest crystal formations in enamel and those of the collagen-rich hard tissues?. Tooth Enamel V, R. W. Fearnhead. Florence Publishers, Yokohama 1989; 322–334
   Google Scholar
• Höhling H. J., Schöpfer H., Neubauer G. Elektronenmikroskopie und Laserbeugungs-Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung der organischen Matrix im Speichelstein und Hartgewebe. Z. Zellforsch. 1970; 108: 415–430
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Höhling H. J., Althoff J., Barckhaus R. H., Krefting E. R., Lissner G., Quint P. Early stages of crystal nucleation in hard tissue formation. International Cell Biology, H. G. Schweiger. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1980–1981; 974–982
   Google Scholar
• Höhling H. J., Barckhaus R. H., Krefting E. R., Althoff J., Quint P. Collagen mineralisation: aspects of the structural relationship between collagen and the apatitic crystallites. Ultrastructure of Skeletal Tissue, E. Bonucci, P. M. Motta. Kluwer, Boston 1990; 41–62
   Google Scholar
• Höhling H. J., Arnold S., Barckhaus R. H., Plate U., Wiesmann H. P. Structural relationship between the primary crystal formations and the matrix macro-molecules in different hard tissues. Discussion of a general principle. Conn. Tissue Res. 1995; 33: 493–500
   Google Scholar
• Plate U., Höhling H. J., Reimer L., Barckhaus R. H., Wienecke R., Wiesmann H. P., Boyde A. Analysis of the calcium distribution in predentine by EELS and of the early crystal formation in dentine by ESI and ESD. J. Microsc. 1992; 166: 329–341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plate U., Arnold S., Reimer L., Höhling H. J., Boyde A. Investigation of the early mineralization on collagen in dentine of rat incisors by quantitative electron spectroscopic diffraction (ESD). Cell Tissue Res. 1994; 278: 543–547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plate U., Tkotz T., Wiesmann H. P., Stratmann U., Joos U., Höhling H. J. Early mineralization of matrix vesicles in the epiphyseal growth plate. J. Microsc. 1996; 183: 102–107
   Google Scholar
• Arnold S., Plate U., Wiesmann H. P., Kohl H., Höhling H. J. Quantitative electron-spectroscopic diffraction (ESD) and electron-spectroscopic imaging (ESI) analyses of dentine mineralisation in rat incisors. Cell Tissue Res. 1997; 288: 185–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimer L., Fromm I., Hirsch P., Plate U., Rennekamp R. Combination of EELS modes and electron spectroscopic imaging and diffraction in an energy-filtering electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 1992; 46: 335–347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rönnholm E. The amelogenesis of human teeth as revealed by electron microscopy II: the development of the enamel crystallites. J. Ultrastruc. Res. 1962; 6: 249–303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daculsi G., Kérébel B. High resolution electron microscopy study of human enamel crystallites: size, shape and growth. J. Ultrastruc. Res. 1978; 65: 163–172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiss M. P., Voegel J. C., Frank R. M. Enamel crystal growth: width and thickness study related to the possible presence of octocalcium phosphate during amelogenesis. J. Ultrastruc. Res. 1981; 76: 286–292
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warshawsky H., Bai P., Nanci A. Analysis of crystallite shape in rat incisor enamel. Anat. Rec. 1987; 218: 380–390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonar L. C., Shimizu M., Roberts J. E., Gritfin R. G., Glimcher M. J. Structural and composition studies on the mineral of newly formed dental enamel: A chemical, v-ray diffraction, and 31P and proton nuclear magnetic resonance study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1991; 6: 1167–1176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuisinier F. J. G., Voegel J. C., Yacaman J., Frank R. M. Structure of initial crystals formed during human amelogenesis. J. Crystal Growth 1992; 116: 314–318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuisinier F. J. G., Steuer P., Senger J. C., Voegel J. C., Frank R. M. Human amelogenesis I: high resolution electron microscopy study of ribbon-like crystals. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1992; 51: 259–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houllé P., Voegel J. C., Schultz P., Steuer P., Cuisinier F. J. G. High resolution electron microscopy: structure and growth mechanisms of human dentin crystals. J. Den. Res. 1997; 76: 895–904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tohda H., Yamada M., Yamaguchi Y., Yanagisawa T. High-resolution electron microscopical observations of initial enamel crystals. J. Electr. Microsc. 1997; 1: 97–101
   Google Scholar
• Seyer J., Glimcher M. J. The amino-acid sequence of two O-phosphoserine containing tripeptides isolated from the organic matrix of embryonic bovine enamel. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1969; 181: 410–418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glimcher M. J., Brickley-Parsons D., Levine P. T. Studies of enamel proteins during maturation. Calcif. Tissue Res. 1977; 24: 259–270
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Termine J. D., Torchia O. A., Conn K. M. Enamel matrix: Structural proteins. J. Den. Res. 1979; 58B: 773–778
   Google Scholar
• Hayashi Y., Bianco P., Shimokawa H., Termine J. D., Bonucci E. Organic-inorganic relationships and immunohistochemical localisation of amelogenins and enamelins in developing enamel. Basic Appl. Histochem. 1986; 30: 291–299
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson C., Kirkham J., Weatherell J. A., Richards A., Josephsen H., Fejerskov O. Mineral and protein concentrations in enamel of the developing permanent porcine dentition. Caries Res. 1988; 22: 321–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith C. E., Nanci A. Protein dynamics of amelogenesis. Anat. Rec. 1996; 245: 186–207
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiesmann H. P., Plate U., Barckhaus R. H., Höhling H. J., Zierold K. Analysis of the early hard tissue formation in dentine by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and energy filtering transmission electron microscopy. Scan. Microsc. Int. 1993; 7: 711–718
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Höhling H. J., Ashton B. A., Koster H. D. Quantitative electron microscopic investigations of mineral nucleation in collagen. Cell Tissue Res. 1974; 148: 11–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson H. C. Electron microscopic studies of induced cartilage development and calcification. J. Cell Biol. 1967; 35: 81–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonucci E. Fine structure of early cartilage calcification. J. Ultrastruc. Res. 1967; 20: 33–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muhlrad A., Bab I. A., Deutsch D., Sela J. Occurrence of actin-like protein in extracellular matrix vesicles. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1982; 34: 376–381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein R. M., Hsu H. H. T., Anderson H. C. Protein profiles of isolated fetal calf and rachitic rat matrix vesicles by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Matrix-Vesicles, A. Ascenzi, E. Bonucci, B. deBernard. Milano, 1981
   Google Scholar
• Muhlrad A., Setton A., Sela J., Bab I. A., Deutsch D. Biochemical characterization of matrix vesicles from bone and cartilage. Metab. Bone Dis. 1984; 5: 93–99
   Google Scholar
• Boskey A. L. Current concepts of the physiology and biochemistry of calcification. Clin. Orthop. 1981; 157: 225–257
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boskey A. L., Dick B. L. The effect of phosphotidylserine on in vitro hydroxyapatite growth and proliferation. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1991; 49: 193–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann St. Mineralization in biological systems. Inorganic Elements in Biochemistry, M. J. Clarke, J. B. Good-Enough, J. A. Ibers, C. K. Jorgensen, J. B. Neilands, D. Reinen, R. Weiss, R. J.P. Williams. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1983; 125–174
   Google Scholar
• Bremer A., Aebi U. The structure of the F-actin filament and the actin molecule. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1992; 4: 20–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oosawa F. Review: Physical chemistry of actin: Past, present and future. Biophys. Chem. 1993; 47: 101–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar