Helicobacter pylori: New diagnostic tools. Clinical and experimental studies on local and systemic immune response

References

• Armstrong J A, Cooper M, Goodwin C S, et al. Influence of soluble haemagglutinins on adherence of Helicobacter pylori to HEp-2 cells. J Med Microbiol 1991; 34: 181–187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barer M R, Elliot T SJ, Berkeley D, et al. Cytopathic effects of Campylobacter pylori urease. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41: 597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Berg F M, Zijlmans H., Langenberg W, et al. Detection of Campylobacter pylori in stomach tissue by DNA in situ hybridization. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42: 995–1000
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bizzozero G. Über die schlauchförmigen Drüsen des Magendarmkanals und die Beziehungen ihres Epithels zu dem Oberflächenepitel der Schleimhaut. Arch Mikr Anat 1893; 42: 82–125
   Google Scholar
• Bland P. MHC class II expression by the gut epithelium. Immunol Today 1988; 9: 174–178
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blaser M J. Gastric Campylobacter-like organisms, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Gastroenterology 1987; 93: 371–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode G, Malfertheimer P, Ditschuneit H. Pathogenic implications of ultrastructural findings in Campylobacter pylori related gastroduodenal disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23(suppl 142)25–39
   Google Scholar
• Born W, Happ M P, Dallas A, et al. Recognition of heat shock protein and γ/δ T cell function. Immunol Today 1990; 11: 40–43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bronsdon M A, Schoenkneckt F D. Campylobacter pylori isolated from the stomach of the monkey Macaca nemestrina. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 1725–1728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks W P, Miemerakis G, Hatz R A, et al. Differences in the T-lymphocyte phenotypes of cells isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients with and without Helicobacter pylon infection. Ital J Gastroenterol 1991; 23(suppl 2)50–51
   Google Scholar
• Buchmeier N A, Heffron F. Induction of Salmonella stress proteins upon infection of macrophages. Science 1990; 248: 730–732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson A, Aleljung P, Emödy L, . Carbohydrate receptor specificity of hemagglutinin of Campylobacter pylori. Gastroduodenal pathology and Campylobacter pylori, F Megraud, H Lamouiatte, et al. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1989; 375–378
   Google Scholar
• Cerrone M C, Ma J J, Stephens R S. Cloning and sequence of the gene for heat shock protein 60 from Chlamydia trachomatis and immunological reactivity of the protein. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 79–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X G, Correa P, Offerhaus J, et al. Ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa harboring Campylobacter-like organisms. Am J Clin Pathol 1986; 86: 575–582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton C L, Kleanthous H, Coates P J, et al. Sensitive detection of Helicobacter pylori by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 192–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton C L, Wren B W, Mullany P, et al. Molecular cloning and expression of Campylobacter pylori species-specific antigens in Escherichia coli K-12. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 623–629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen H, Gramisu M, Fitzgibbons P, et al. Campylobacter pylori: Associations with antral and fundic mucosal histology and diagnosis by serology in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84: 367–371
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Correa P. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of chronic gastritis: three etiologic entities Front Gastrointest Res 1980; 6: 98–108
   Google Scholar
• de Cothi G, Newbold K M, O'Connor H J. Campylobacter-like organisms and heterotopic gastric mucosa in Meckel's diverticula. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42: 132–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekeyser P, Gossuin-Detrain M, Butzler J P, Sternon J. Acute enteritis due to related vibrio: First positive stool cultures. J Infect Dis 1972; 125: 390–392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delluva A M, Markley K, Davies R E. The absence of gastric urease in germ-free animals. Biochim Biophys Acta 1968; 151: 646–650
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dent J C, McNulty C AM. Evaluation of a new selective medium for Campylobacter pylori. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1988; 7: 555–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dent J C, McNulty C AM, Uff J S, et al. Campylobacter pylori urease: A new serological test. Lancet 1988; i: 1002
   Google Scholar
• Doenges J L. Spirochaetes in the gastric glands of Macacus rhesus and humans without definite history of related disease. Proc Soc Exp Med Biol 1938; 38: 536–538
   Google Scholar
• Dudani A K, Gupta R S. Immunological characterization of a human homolog of the 65-kilodalton mycobacterial antigen. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 2786–2793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dustin M L, Rothlein R, Bahn A K, et al. Induction by IL 1 and interferon-gamma: tissue distribution, biochemistry, and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1). J Immunol 1986; 245–254
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eaton K A, Morgan D R, Krakowka S. Campylobacter pylori virulence factors in gnotobiotic piglets. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 1119–1125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Eden W, Thole J ER, van der Zee R, et al. Cloning of the mycobacterial epitope recognized by T lymphocytes in adjuvant arthritis. Nature 1988; 331: 171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers S, Warrelmann M, Hahn H. In search of an animal model for experimental Campylobacter pylori infection: Administration of Campylobacter pylori to rodents. Zbl Bacteriol Hyg Ser 1988; 268: 341–346
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elias D, Markovits D, Reshef T, et al. Induction and therapy of autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD/Lt) mouse by a 65-kDa heat shock protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 1576–1580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engstrand L, Gustavsson S. Gastric Campylobacter-like organisms, ulcer disease and gastritis in animals and animal models of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulceration and gastritis, B J Marshall, R W McCallum, R L Guerrant. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Cambridge, Mass 1991; 55–65
   Google Scholar
• Engstrand L, Påhlson C, Gustavsson S, et al. Monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of Campylobacter pyloridis. Lancet 1986; ii: 1402–1403
   Google Scholar
• Engstrand L, Påhlson C, Schwan A, Gustavsson S. Monoclonal antibodies for detection of Campylobacter pylori in biopsy smears and frozen sections. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23(suppl 142)50–52
   Google Scholar
• Engstrand L, Påhlson C, Mattsson J G, Johansson K E. The specificity of a synthetic oligonucleotide DNA probe for detection of Helicobacter pylori. Rev Esp Enf Digest 1990; 78: 28–29, suppl
   Google Scholar
• Engstrand L, Rosberg K, Hubinette R, et al. Topographic mapping of Helicobacter pylori colonization in long-term-infected pigs. Infect Immun 1992; 60: 453–456
   Google Scholar
• Emödy L, Carlsson Å, Wadström T. Mannose-resistant hemagglutination by Campylobacter pylori. Scand J Infect Dis 1988; 20: 353–354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans D J, Evans D G, Graham D Y, et al. A sensitive and specific serologic test for detection of Campylobacter pylori infection. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 1004–1008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans D G, Evans D J, Jr, Graham D Y. Receptor-mediated adherence of Campylobacter pylori to mouse Y-1 adrenal cell monolayers. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 2272–2278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans D G, Evans D J, Jr, Graham D Y. Adherence and endocytic uptake of Helicobacter pylori by HEp-2 cells in tissue culture. Gastroenterology 1992, in press
   Google Scholar
• Evans D J, Jr, Evans D G, Engstrand L, et al. Urease-associated heat shock protein of Helicobacter pylori. J Bacteriol 1992, in press
   Google Scholar
• Evans D J, Jr, Evans D G, Kirkpatrick S S, et al. Characterization of the Helicobacter pylori urease and purification of its subunits. Microb Pathogen 1991; 10: 15–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans D G, Evans D J, Jr, Moulds J J, et al. N-Acetylneuraminyllactose-binding fibrillar hemagglutinin of Campylobacter pylori: a putative colonization factor antigen. Infect Immun 1988; 56: 2896–2906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans D J, Norton P, Ivanyi J. Distribution in tissue sections of the human groEL stress protein homologue. APMIS 1990; 98: 437–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faull R J, Russ G R. Tubular expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during renal allograft rejection. Transplantation 1989; 48: 226–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figura N, Bugnoli M, Cusi M G, . Pathogenic mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori: Production of cytotoxin. Helicobacter pylori, gastritis and peptic ulcer, P Malfertheimer, H. Ditschuneit, et al. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1990; 86–95
   Google Scholar
• Figura N, Bugnoli M, Quaranta S, et al. Evidentiation of the major cytotoxin-associated protein of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies by western blotting technique. Ital J Gastroenterol 1991; 23(suppl 2)58–59
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald O, Murphy P. Studies on the physiological chemistry and clinical significance of urease and urea with special reference to the stomach. Irish J Med Sci. 1950; 292: 99–153
   Google Scholar
• Forman D, Newell D G, Fullerton F, et al. Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and risk of gastric cancer: Evidence from a prospective investigation. Br Med J 1991; 302: 1302–1305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsum U, Claesson K, Jonsson R, et al. Differential tissue distribution of HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ antigens. Recent Adv Mucosal Immunol 1987; 21: 389–396
   Google Scholar
• de Fougerolles A R, Stacker S A, Schwarting R, et al. Characterization of ICAM-2 and evidence for a third counter-receptor for LFA-1. J Exp Med 1991; 174: 253–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedberg A S, Barron L E. The presence of spirochaetes in human gastric mucosa. Am J Dig Dis 1940; 7: 443–445
   Google Scholar
• van der Gaag I. The histological appearance of peroral gastric biopsies in clinically healthy and vomiting dogs. Can J Vet Res 1988; 52: 67–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaston J SH, Life P F, Jenner P J, et al. Recognition of a mycobacteria-specific epitope in the 65 kD heat-shock protein by synovial fluid-derived T cell clones. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 831–841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin Cs, Armstrong J A, Chilvers T, et al. Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb, nov, respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989; 39: 397–405
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin C S, Blincow E, Peterson G, et al. Enzyme-lined immunosorbent assay for Campylobacter pyloridis: correlation with presence of C. pyloridis in the gastric mucosa. J Infect Dis 1987; 155: 484–494
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin C S, Blincow E, Warren J R, et al. Evaluation of cultural techniques for isolating Campylobacter pyloridis from endoscopic biopsies of gastric mucosa. J Clin Pathol 1985; 38: 1127–1131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goruge J NL, Schalen C, Nilsson I, et al. Detection of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori cell surface antigens. Scand J Infect Dis 1990; 22: 457–465
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graham D Y. Campylobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 615–625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray M W, Sankoff D, Cedergren R J. On the evolutionary descent of organisms and organelles: a global phylogeny based on highly conserved structural core in small subunit ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984; 12: 5837–5852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray S F, Wyatt J I, Rathbone B J. Simplified techniques for identifying Campylobacter pyloridis. J Clin Pathol 1986; 39: 1280
   Google Scholar
• Grey H M, Sette A, Buus S. How T cells see antigen. Scientific American Nov, 1989; 38–46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffiths C EM, Voorhees J J, Nickoloff B J. Characterization of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and HLA-DR expression in normal and inflamed skin: modulation by recombinant gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 20: 617–629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campylobacter pylori in gastroduodenal diseases: Current views - future directions. Proceedings of an international workshop, S Gustavsson, P Malfertheimer. Copenhagen Oct., 1987
   Google Scholar
• Halstensen T S, Scott H, Brandtzaeg P. Intra-epithelial T cells of the TCR γ/δ+CD8- and Vδl/Jδ1+ phenotypes are increased in coeliac disease. Scand J Immunol 1989; 30: 665–672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammar M, Tyszkiewicz T, Wadström T, et al. Rapid detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy material by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 54–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansson L-E, Engstrand L, Evans D J, et al. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity is a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma (in manuscript)
   Google Scholar
• Hazel S L, Borody T J, Gal A, et al. Campylobacter pyloridis gastritis. I: Detection of urease as a marker of bacterial colonization and gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82: 292–301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hazel S, Lee A. Campylobacter pyloridis, urease, hydrogen ion back diffusion, and gastric ulcers. Lancet 1986; ii: 15–17
   Google Scholar
• Hazel S L, Lee A, Brady L, et al. Campylobacter pyloridis and gastritis: Association with intercellular spaces and adaption to an environment of mucus as important factors in colonization of the gastric epithelium. J Infect Dis 1986; 153: 658–663
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hemalatha S G, Drumm B, Sherman P. Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric epithelial cells in vitro. J Med Microbiol 1991; 35: 197–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschl A M, Pleschette M, Hirschl H, et al. Comparison of different antigen preparations in an evaluation of the immune response to Campylobacter pylori. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1988; 7: 570–575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho S, Hoyle J A, Lewis F A, et al. Direct polymerase chain reaction test for detection of Helicobacter pylori in humans and animals. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2543–2549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoshina S, Kahn S M, Jiang W, et al. Direct detection and amplification of Helicobacter pylori ribosomal 16S gene segments from gastric endoscopic biopsies. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 13: 473–479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh T, Yanagawa Y, Shingaki M, et al. Isolation of Campylobacter-like organisms in chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987; 22: 553–558
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Janeway C A. Frontiers of the immune system. Nature 1988; 30: 804–806
   Google Scholar
• Jones D M, Lessels A M, Eldridge J. Campylobacter-like organisms on the gastric mucosa: culture histological, and serological studies. J Clin Pathol 1984; 37: 1002–1006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaleab B, Ottenoff T, Converse P, et al. Mycobacterial-induced cytotoxic T cells as well as non-specific killer cells derived from healthy individuals and leprosy patients. Eur J Immunol 1990; 12: 2651–2659
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann S HE. Heat shock proteins and the immune response. Immunol Today 1990; 11: 129–136
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kiessling R, Grönberg A, Ivanyi J, et al. Role of hsp60 during autoimmune and bacterial inflammation. Immunol Rev 1991; 121: 91–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchner T, Melber A, Fischbach W, . Immunohistological patterns of the local immune response in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Helicobacter pylori, gastritis and peptic ulcer, P Malfertheimer, H Ditschuneit, et al. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1990; 213–222
   Google Scholar
• Kjeldsen-Kragh J, Quayle A, Kalvenes C, et al. T gamma/delta cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol 1990; 32: 651–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klareskog L, Forsum U, Peterson P A. Hormonal regulation of the expression of Ia antigens on mammary gland epithelium. Eur J Immunol 1980; 10: 958–963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga T, Wand-Würtenberger A, DeBruyn K, et al. T cells against a bacterial heat shock protein recognize stressed macrophages. Science 1989; 245: 1112–1115
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kowalszyk T. Gastric ulcers. Diseases of swine, 4th edn., H W Dunne, A D Leman. Iowa State University Press, Ames 1975; 978–1010
   Google Scholar
• Krajden S, Bohnen J, Anderson J, et al. Comparison of selective and nonselective media for recovery of Campylobacter pylori from antral biopsies. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 1117–1118
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krakowka S, Morgan D R, Kraft W G, et al. Establishment of gastric Campylobacter pylori infection in the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet. Infect Immun 1987; 5: 2789–2796
   Google Scholar
• Kreinitz W. Über das Auftreten von Spirochaeten verschiedener Form im Mageninhalt bei Carcinoma ventriculi. Dtsch Med Wschr 1906; 22: 872–882
   Google Scholar
• Lambert J R, Borromeo M, Pinkard K J, et al. Colonization of gnotobiotic piglets with Campylobacter pyloridis - an animal model?. J Invest Dis 1987; 155: 1344
   Google Scholar
• Langenberg W, Rauws E AJ, Widjokusumo A, et al. Identification of Campylobacter pylori isolates by restriction endonuclease DNA analysis. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 24: 414–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langenberg M L, Tytgat G NJ, Schipper M EI, et al. Campylobacter-like organisms in the stomach of patients and healthy individuals. Lancet 1984; i: 1348
   Google Scholar
• Leunk R D, Johnson P T, David B C, et al. Cytotoxic activity in broth-culture filtrates of Campylobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol 1988; 26: 93–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieber C S, LeFevre A. Ammonia as a source of hypoacidity in patients with uraemia. J Clin Invest 1959; 38: 1271–1277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindquist S. The heat shock response. Ann Rev Biochem 1986; 55: 1151–1191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingwood C A, Law H, Pellizzari A, et al. Gastric glycerolipid as a receptor for Campylobacter pylori. Lancet 1989; ii: 238–241
   Google Scholar
• Madan E, Kemp J, Westblom T U, et al. Evaluation of staining methods for identifying Campylobacter pylori. Am J Clin Pathol 1988; 90: 450–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makgoba M W, Sanders M E, Ginther-Luce G E, et al. Functional evidence that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for LFA-1 in cytotoxic T cell recognition. Eur J Immunol 1988; 18: 637–640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall B J, Goodwin C S. Revised nomenclature of C. pyloridis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1987; 37: 68
   Google Scholar
• Marshall B J, Royce H, Annear D I, et al. Original isolation of Campylobacter pyloridis from human gastric mucosa. Microbiol Letters 1984; 25: 83–88
   Google Scholar
• Marshall B J, Warren J R. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomachs of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Lancet 1984; i: 1311–1315
   Google Scholar
• Mathieson P, Cobbold S, Hale G, et al. Monoclonal antibody therapy in systemic vasculitis. N Eng J Med 1990; 323: 250–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMullin T W, Hallberg R L. A high evolutionarilly conserved mitochondrial protein is structurally related to the protein encoded by the Escherichia coli groEL gene. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8: 371–380
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McNulty C AM, Watson D M. Spiral bacteria of the gastric antrum. Lancet 1984; i: 1068–69
   Google Scholar
• McNulty C AM, Wise R. Rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter-associated gastritis. Lancet 1984; i: 1443–1444
   Google Scholar
• Megraud F, Bonnet F, Garnier M, et al. Characterization of Campylobacter pyloridis by culture, enzymatic profile and protein content. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 22: 1007–1010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misiewicz J J, Tytgat G NJ, Goodwin C S, et al. The Sydney system: a new classification of gastritis. World congresses of gastroenterology: working party reports. Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Melbourne 1990; 1–10
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery E A, Martin D F, Peura D A. Rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori by Gram's stain. Am J Clin Pathol 1988; 90: 606–609
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan D R, Freedman, Depew C E, et al. Growth of Campylobacter pylori in liquid media. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 2123–2125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morotomi M, Hoshina S, Green P, et al. Oligonucleotide probe for detection and identification of Campylobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 2652–2655
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris A M, Nicholson G. Digestion of Campylobacter pyloridis causes gastritis and raised fasting gastric pH. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82: 192–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris A, Nicholson G, Lloyd G, et al. Seroepidemiology of Campylobacter pyloridis. NZ Med J 1986; 99: 657–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris A, Nicholson G, Patton K. Detection of Campylobacter pyloridis infection. NZ Med J 1986; 99: 336
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Negrini R, Lisato L, Cavazzini L, et al. Monoclonal antibodies for specific immunoperoxidase detection of Campylobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 414–420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newel D G. The pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori - a comment. Helicobacter pylori, gastritis and peptic ulcer, P Malfertheimer, H. Ditschuneit. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1990; 128–133
   Google Scholar
• Newel D G. Identification of the outer membrane proteins of Campylobacter pyloridis and antigenic cross-reactivity between C. pyloridis and C. jejuni. J Gen Microbiol 1987; 133: 163–170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newel D G, Hudson M J, Baskerville A. Isolation of gastric Campylobacter-like organism from the stomach of four rhesus monkeys, and identification as Campylobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol 1988; 27: 41–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newel D G, Rathbone B J. The serodiagnosis of Campylobacter pylori infection - a review. Serodiagn Immunother 1989; 3: 1–6
   Google Scholar
• Owen R J, Martin S R, Borman P. Rapid urease hydrolysis by gastric campylobacters. Lancet 1985; i: 111
   Google Scholar
• Palmer E D. Investigation of the gastric mucosa spirochaetes of the human. Gastroenterology 1954; 27: 218–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadimitriou C S, Ioachim-Velogianni E E, Tsianos E B, et al. Epithelial HLA-DR expression and lymphocyte subsets in gastric mucosa in type B chronic gastritis. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat 1988; 413: 197–404
   Google Scholar
• Parsonnet J, Vandersteen D, Goates J, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991; 83: 640–643
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patarroyo M., Makgoba M. W. Leucocyte adhesion to cells. Molecular basis, physiological relevance, and abnormalities. Scand J Immunol 1989; 30: 129–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Perez G I, Dworkin B M, Chodos J E, et al. Campylobacter pylori antibodies in humans. Ann Int Med 1988; 109: 11–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potters H VPJ, Loffeld R JLF, Stobberingh E, et al. Rapid staining of Campylobacter pyloridis. Histopathology 1987; 11: 1223
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Radin M J, Eaton K A, Krakowka S, et al. Helicobacter pylori gastric infection in gnotobiotic beagle dogs. Infect Immun 1990; 58: 2606–2612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathbone B J, Wyatt J I, Tompkins D, et al. In vitro production of Campylobacter pyloridis specific antibodies by gastric mucosal biopsies. Gut 1986; 27: A607
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathbone B J, Wyatt J I, Worsley B W, et al. Systemic and local antibody responses to Campylobacter pyloridis in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Gut 1986; 27: 642–647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauws E AJ. Therapeutic trials of eradication on Campylobacter pylori. Campylobacter pylori, E AJ Rauws, G NJ Tytgat. WC den Ouden BV, Amsterdam 1989; 89–103
   Google Scholar
• Rivera E, Lopez-Vidal Y, Luqueno V, et al. Indirect immunofluorescence assay for detection of Helicobacter pylori in human gastric mucosal biopsies. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 1748–1751
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosberg K, Berglindh T, Gustavsson S, et al. Adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric mucosa cultivated in vitro. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991; 26: 1179–1187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosberg K, Hübinette R, Nygård G, et al. Studies of Helicobacter pylori in a gastric mucosa in vitro animal model. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991; 26: 43–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiki R, Scharf S, Faloona F, et al. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 1985; 230: 1350–1354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomon H. Über das Spirillum des Säugetiermagens und sein Verhalten zu den Belegzellen. Zbl Bakt 1896; 19: 433–442
   Google Scholar
• Schaber E, Umlauft F, Stöffler G, et al. Indirect immunofluorescence test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Campylobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 327–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheynius A, Johansson C, van der Meide P H. In vivo induction of Ia antigens on rat keratinocytes by gamma-interferon. Br J Dermatol 1986; 115: 543–549
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skirrow M B. Campylobacter enteritis: A “new” disease. Br Med J 1977; ii: 9–11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slomiany B L, Bilski J, Sarosiek J, et al. Campylobacter pyloridis degrades mucin and undermines gastric mucosal integrity. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1987; 144: 307–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smiley J D, Hoffman W I. The role of infections in the rheumatic diseases: Molecular mimicry between bacterial and human stress proteins?. Am J Med Sci. 1991; 301: 138–149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stacey A R, Hawtin P R, Newel D G. Antigenicity of fractions of Helicobacter pylori prepared by fast protein liquid chromatography and urease captured by monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9: 732–737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steer H W, Colin-Jones D G. Mucosal changes in gastric ulceration and their response to carbenoxolone sodium. Gut 1975; 16: 590–597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strickland R G, Mackay I RA. A reappraisal of the nature and significance of chronic atrophic gastritis. Dig Dis 1973; 29: 23–25
   Google Scholar
• Todd I, Londei M, Pujol-Borrell R, et al. HLA-DR expression on epithelial cells: The finger on the trigger?. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1986; 475: 241–250
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tricottet V, Bruneval P, Vire O, et al. Campylobacter-like organisms and surface epithelium abnormalities in active, chronic gastritis in humans. Ultrastruct Pathol 1986; 10: 113–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine J L, Arthur R R, Mobley L T, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori by using the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 689–695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valnes K, Huitfeldt H S, Brandtzaeg P. Relation between T cell number and epithelial HLA class II expression quantified by image analysis in normal and inflamed human gastric mucosa. Gut 1989; 6: 647–652
   Google Scholar
• Walters L L, Budin R E, Paull G. Acridine-orange to identify Campylobacter pyloridis in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded gastric biopsies. Lancet 1986; i: 42
   Google Scholar
• Warren J R, Marshall B. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet 1983; i: 1273
   Google Scholar
• Warthin A S, Starry A C. A more rapid and improved method of demonstrating spirochaetes in tissues. Am J Syphilis 1920; 4: 97
   Google Scholar
• Waters A P, McCutchan T F. Ribosomal RNA: Natures own polymerase-amplified target for diagnosis. Parasitol Today 1990; 2: 56–59
   Google Scholar
• Weetman A P, Cohen S, Makgoba M W, et al. Expression of an intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM-1, by human thyroid cells. J Endocrinol 1989; 122: 185–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westblom T U. Laboratory diagnosis and handling of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulceration and gastritis, B J Marshall, R W McCallum, R L Guerrant. Blackwell Scientific, Cambridge, Mass 1991; 81–91
   Google Scholar
• Westblom T U, Madan E, Kemp J, et al. Improved visualisation of mucus penetration by Campylobacter pylori using a Brown-Hopps stain. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41: 232–236
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westblom T U, Madan E, Midkiff B R. Egg yolk emulsion agar, a new medium for the cultivation of Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 819–821
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wetherall B L, McDonald P J, Johnson A M. Detection of Campylobacter pylori DNA by hybridization with non-radioactive probes in comparison with a 32p-labelled probe. J Med Microbiol 1988; 26: 257–263
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitehead R, Truelove S C, Gear M WL. The histological diagnosis of chronic gastritis in fibreoptic gastroscope biopsy specimens. J Clin Pathol 1972; 25: 1–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wick M J, Madara J L, Fields B N, Normark S J. Molecular cross talk between epithelial cells and pathogenic microorganisms. Cell 1991; 67: 651–659
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winner L, Mach J, Weltzin R, et al. New model for analysis of mucosal immunity: intestinal secretion of specific monoclonal immunoglobulin A from hybridoma tumors protects against Vibrio cholerae infection. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 977–982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Wulffen H, Heesemann J, Butzow G H, et al. Detection of Campylobacter pyloridis in patients with antrum gastritis and peptic ulcer by culture, complement fixation test, and immunoblot. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 24: 716–720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt J I, Dixon M F. Chronic gastritis: a pathogenic approach. J Pathol 1988; 154: 113–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt J I, Rathbone B J, Heatly R V. Local immune response to gastric Campylobacter in non-ulcer dyspepsia. J Clin Pathol 1987; 39: 863–870
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young R A, Elliot T J. Stress proteins, infection and immune surveillance. Cell 1989; 59: 5–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar