References
- Cantorna MT. Vitamin D and autoimmunity: is vitamin D status an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence? Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 2000;223:230–3.
- Cantorna M, Mahon BD. Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence. Exp Biol Med 2004;229:1136–42.
- Griffin MD, Dong X, Kumar R. Vitamin D receptor mediated suppression of RelB in antigen presenting cells: a paradigm for ligand-augmented negative transcriptional regulation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007;460:218–26.
- Miyakoshi H, Aoki T, Hirasawa Y. Immunological effects of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha-OH-D3) and its metabolites. Clin Nephrol 1981;16:119–25.
- D'Ambrosio D, Cippitelli M, Cocciolo MG, Mazzeo D, Di Lucia P, Lang R, Inhibition of IL-12 production by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Involvement of NF-kappaB downregulation in transcriptional repression of the p40 gene. J Clin Invest 1998;101:252–62.
- Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Serog B, Glimcher LH. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits antigen-induced T cell activation. J Immunol 1984;133:1748–54.
- Provvedini DM, Tsoukas CD, Deftos LJ, Manolagas SC. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human leukocytes. Science 1983;221:1181–3.
- Szodoray P, Nakken B, Gaal J, Jonsson R, Szegedi A, Zold E, The complex role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases. Scand J Immunol 2008;68:261–9.
- Zugel U, Steinmeyer A, Giesen C, Asadullah K. A novel immunosuppressive 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analog with reduced hypercalcemic activity. J Invest Dermatol 2002;119:1434–42.
- Verstuyf A, Segaert S, Verlinden L, Bouillon R, Mathieu C. Recent developments in the use of vitamin D analogues. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2000;9:443–55.
- Muller K, Haahr PM, Diamant M, Rieneck K, Kharazmi A, Bendtzen K. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits cytokine production by human blood monocytes at the post-transcriptional level. Cytokine 1992;4:506–12.
- Cohen ML, Douvdevani A, Chaimovitz C, Shany S. Regulation of TNF-alpha by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human macrophages from CAPD patients. Kidney Int 2001;59:69–75.
- Timms PM, Mannan N, Hitman GA, Noonan K, Mills PG, Syndercombe-Court D, Circulating MMP9, vitamin D and variation in the TIMP-1 response with VDR genotype: mechanisms for inflammatory damage in chronic disorders? Q J Med 2002;95:787–96.
- Adorini L. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogs as potential therapies in transplantation. Curr Opin Invest Drugs 2002;3:1458–63.
- Bamford CR, Sibley WA, Thies C. Seasonal variation of multiple sclerosis exacerbation in Arizona. Neurology 1983;33:697–701.
- Embry AF, Snowdon LR, Vieth R. Vitamin D, and seasonal fluctuations of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2000;48:271–2.
- Munger KL, Zhang SM, O'Reilly E, Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Willett WC, Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2004;62:60–5.
- Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Saag KG. Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Woman's Health Study. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:72–7.
- Hypponen E, Laara E, Reunanen A, Jarvelin MR, Virtanen SM. Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study. Lancet 2001;358:1500–3.
- Mahon BD, Gordon SA, Cruz J, Cosman F, Cantorna MT. Cytokine profile in patients with multiple sclerosis following vitamin D supplementation. J Neuroimmunol 2003;134:128–32.
- Andjelkovic Z, Vojinovic J, Pejnovic N, Popovic M, Dujic A, Mitrovic D, Disease modifying and immunomodulatory effects of high dose 1 alpha (OH) D3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999;17:453–6.
- Zold E, Szodoray P, Gaal J, Kappelmayer J, Csathy L, Gyimesi E, Vitamin D deficiency in undifferentiated connective tissue disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R123.
- Carvalho JF, Blank M, Kiss E, Tarr T, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Anti-vitamin D, vitamin D in SLE: preliminary results. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1109:550–7.
- Hochberg M. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1725–43.
- Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D. J Nutr 2005; 135:317–22.
- Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Normal serum vitamin D levels. N Engl J Med 2005;352:515–6.
- Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007;357:266–81.
- Bombardier C,Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Caron D, Chang CH. Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum 1992;3:630–40.
- Hua X, Su J, Svenungsson E, Hurt-Camejo E, Jensen-Urstad K, Angelin B, Dyslipidaemia and lipoprotein pattern in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SLE-related cardiovascular disease. Scand J Rheumatol 2009;38:184–9.
- Mok CC, Poon WL, Lai JP, Wong CK, Chiu SM, Wong CK, Metabolic syndrome, endothelial injury, and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2010;39:42–9.
- Ben Mansour R, Lassoued S, Elgaied A, Haddouk S, Marzouk S, Bahloul Z, Enhanced reactivity to malondialdehyde-modified proteins by systemic lupus erythematosus autoantibodies. Scand J Rheumatol 2010;39:247–53.
- Li LH, Yuan H, Pan HF, Li WX, Li XP, Ye DQ. Role of the Fcgamma receptor IIIA-V/F158 polymorphism in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: a meta-analysis. Scand J Rheumatol 2010;39:148–54.
- Szodoray P, Horvath IF, Papp G, Barath S, Gyimesi E, Csathy L, The immunoregulatory role of vitamins A, D and E in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010;49:211–17.
- Bang B, Asmussen K, Sørensen OH, Oxholm P. Reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Correlations to disease manifestations. Scand J Rheumatol 1999;28:180–3.
- Tjellesen L, Christiansen C. Vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects during one year. A longitudinal study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1983;43:85–9.
- Vanderschueren D, Gevers G, Dequeker J, Geusens P, Nijs J, Devos P, Seasonal variation in bone metabolism in young healthy subjects. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49:84–9.
- Formiga F, Moga I, Pac M, Mitjavila F, Rivera A, Pujol R. High disease activity at baseline does not prevent a remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999;38:724–7.
- Di Munno O, Mazzantini M, Delle Sedie A, Mosca M, Bombardieri S. Risk factors for osteoporosis in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2004;13:724–30.
- Kamen DL, Cooper GS, Bouali H, Shaftman SR, Hollis BW, Gilkeson GS. Vitamin D deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2006;5:114–17.
- Ruiz-Irastorza G, Egurbide MV, Olivares N, Martinez-Berriotxoa A, Aguirre C. Vitamin D deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence, predictors and clinical consequences. Rheumatology 2008;47:920–3.
- Pappa HM, Bern E, Kamin D, Grand RJ. Vitamin D status in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2008;24:176–83.
- Alele JD, Kamen DL. The importance of inflammation and vitamin D status in SLE-associated osteoporosis. Autoimmun Rev 2010;9:137–9.