11
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Monocyte/Macrophage System in Arthritis—Leopard Tank or Trojan Horse?

, &
Pages 77-82 | Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Seitz M, Hunstein W. Enhanced prostanoid release from monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and active lupus erythematodes. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44: 438–45
  • Steven M M, Lennie S E, Sturrok R D, Gemell CG. Enhanced bacterial phagocytosis by pheripheral blood monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44: 438–45
  • MacKinnon S K, Starkebaum G. Monocyte Fc receptor function in rheumatoid arthritis Enhanced cell-binding of IgG induced by rheumatoid factors. Arthritis Rheum 1987; 30: 498–508
  • Hopkins S J, Meager A. Cytokines in synovial fluid II. The presence of tumor necrosis factor and interferon. Clin Exp Immunol 1988; 73: 38–92
  • Burmester G R, Dimitriu-Bona A, Waters S J, Winchester RJ. Identification of three major synovial lining cell population by monoclonal antibodies directed to Ia antigens and antigens associated with monocytes/macrophages and fibroblasts. Scand J Immunol 1983; 17: 69–81
  • Burmester G R, Jahn B, Rohwer P, Zachter J, Winchester R J, Kalden JR. Differential expression of Ia Antigen by rheumatoid synovial linig cells. J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 595–604
  • Neopterins in Clinical Medicine. Lancer 1988; 1(8584)509–11
  • Reibnegger G D, Fuchs D, Gnther R, Hausen A, Werner E R, Wachter H. Urinary neopterin reflects clinical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1986; 29: 1063–9
  • Krause A, Protz H, Goebel KM. Correlation between syn-ovial neopterin and inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48: 636–40
  • Henderson D C, Sheldon J, Riches P, Hobbs JR. Cytokine induction of neopterin production. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 83: 479–82
  • Firestein G S, Zvaifler NJ. Peripheral blood and synovial fluid monocyte activation in inflammatory arthritis Low levels of synovial fluid and synovial tissue interferon suggest that γ-Interferon is not the primary macrophage activating factor. Arthritis Rheum 1987; 30: 864–74
  • Brennan F M, Maini R N, Feldmann M. TNFa: a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis?. Br J Rheumatol 1992; 31: 293–8
  • Hahn G., Stuhlmüller B, Hain N, Kalden JR., Pfizenmaier K, Burmester GR. Modulation of monocyte activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by leukapheresis therapy. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 862–70
  • Scheurich P, Kobrich G, Pfizenmaier K. Antagonistic control of tumor necrosis factor receptors by protein kinases A and C Enhancement of TNF receptor synthesis by protein kinase A and transmodulation of receptors by protein kinase C. J Exp Med 1989; 170: 947–58
  • Murray H W, Stem J I, Welte K, Rubin B Y, Carriero S M, Nathan CF. Experimental visceral leishmaniasis production of Interleukin-2 and Interferon-gamma, tissue immune reaction, and response to treatment with Interleukin-2 and Interferon-gamma. J Immunol 1987; 138: 2290–7
  • Gould C I, Sonnenfeld G. Effect of treatment with Interferon-gamma and concanavalin A on the course of infection of mice with Salmonella typhimurium strain LT-2. J Interferon Res 1987; 7: 635–9
  • Burrnester G R, Yu D TY, Irani A M, Kunkel H G, Winchester RJ. Characterization of Ia+T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1981; 24: 1370–6
  • Burmester G R, Jahn B, Gramatzki M, Zacher J, Kalden JR. Activated T cells in vivo and in vitro: Different phenotypic expression of Tac and Ia antigens in patients with inflammatory joint diseases and normal in vitro activated T cells. J Immunol 1984; 133: 1230–4
  • Potocnik A J, Menninger H, Yang S Y, Pirner K, Krause A, Burmester G R, Börker B M, Hept P, Weseloh G, Michels H, Truckenbrodt H, Emmrich F, Kroczek RA. Expression of the CD2 activation epitope T11–3 (CD 2R) on T cells in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythemato-sus, ankylosing spondylitis, and Lyme disease: phenotypic and functional analysis. Scand J Immunol 1991; 34: 351–8
  • Firestein G S, Xu W D, Townsend T, Broide D, Alvaro-Gracia J, Glasebrook A, Zvaifler NJ. Cytokines in chronic inflammatory arthritis. I. Failure to detect T cell lym-phokines (interleukin 2 and interleukin 3) and presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) and a novel mast cell growth factor in rheumatoid synovitis. J Exp Med 1988; 168: 1573–86
  • Firestein G S, Alvaro-Gracia J M, Maki R. Quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol 1990; 144: 3347–52
  • Wahl S M, Wilder R I, Katona I M, Wahl L M, Allen J B, Scher I, Decker JL. Leukapheresis in rheumatoid arthritis Association of clinical improvement with reversal of anergy. Arthritis Rheum 1983; 26: 1076–84
  • Flescher E, Bowling T L, Ballester A, Houk R, Talal N. Increased polyamines may downregulate interleukin 2 production in rheumatoid artritis. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1356–62
  • Lemmel E M, Franke M, Gaus W, Hartl P W, Hofschnei-Der P H, Miehlke K. Machalke, Obert HJ Results of a phase-II clinical trial on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant interferon-gamma. Rheumatol Int 1987; 7: 127–32
  • Elliott M J, Maini R N, Feldmann M, Long-Fox A, Charles P, Katsikis P, Brennan F M, Walker J, Bijl H, Ghrayeb J, Woody JN. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with chimeric monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis Factor. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 1681–90
  • Homeff G, Sack U, Kalden J R, Emmrich F, Burmester GR. Reduction of monocytemacrophage activation markers upon anti-CD4 treatment. Decreased levels of IL-1. IL-6, neopterin and soluble CD14 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 91: 207–13
  • Rittig M, Häupl T, Krause A, Kressel M, Groscurth P, Burmester GR. Borrelia burgdorferi-induced ultra-structural alterations in human phagocytes: a clue to pathogenicity?. J Pathol 1994; 173: 269–82
  • Rittig M, Krause A, Häupl T, Schaible U E, Modolell M, Kramer MD., Lütjen-Drecoll E, Simon MM, Burmester GR. Coiling phagocytosis is the preferential phagocyte mechanism for Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 1992; 60: 4205–12
  • Rittig M, Kressel M, Häupl T, Burmester GR. Sectional uptake and cytosolic processing of Borrelia burgdorferi by human phagccytes. Lyme borreliosis., JS Axford, DHE Rees. Plenum Press, London 1994; 241–7
  • Rittig M, Haupl T, Burmester GR. Coiling phagocytosis — a way for MHC class I presentation of bacterial antigens?. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1994; 103: 4–10

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.