Effect of position of electrodes relative to the innervation zone onsurface EMG

References

• Beck, T.W., Housh, T.J., Cramer, J.T., Weir, J.P., 2008, The effects of electrode placement and innervation zone location on the electromyographic amplitude and mean power frequency versus isometric torque relationships for the vastus lateralis muscle. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18, 317–328.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Falla, D., Dall'Alba, P., Rainoldi, A., Merletti, R., Jull, G., 2002, Location of innervation zones of sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles—a basis for clinical and research electromyography applications. Clinical Neurophysiology, 113, 57–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Nooij, R., Kallenberg, L.A., Hermens, H.J., 2009, Evaluating the effect of electrode location on surface EMG amplitude of the m. erector spinae p. longissimus dorsi. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19, e255–e266.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, Y.M., Ng, G.Y.F., 2006, Surface electrode placement affects the EMG recordings of the quadriceps muscles. Physical Therapy in Sport, 7, 122–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte, E., Dimitrova, N.A., Dimitrov, G.V., Rau, G., Disselhorst-Klug, C., 2005, Estimation of the muscle fibre semi-length under varying joint positions on the basis of non-invasively extracted motor unit action potentials. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 15, 290–299.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin, S., MacIsaac, D., 2006, Innervation zone shift with changes in joint angle in the brachial biceps. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 16, 144–148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dumitru, D., King, J.C., Rogers, W.E., 1999, Motor unit action potential components and physiologic duration. Muscle & Nerve, 22, 733–741.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keenan, K.G., Farina, D., Merletti, R., Enoka, R.M., 2006, Influence of motor unit properties on the size of the simulated evoked surface EMG potential. Experimental Brain Research, 169, 37–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masuda, T., Sadoyama, T., 1991, Distribution of innervation zones in the human biceps brachii. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 1, 107–115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Luca, C.J., Adam, A., Wotiz, R., Gilmore, L.D., Nawab, S.H., 2006, Decomposition of surface EMG signals. Journal of Neurophysiology, 96, 1646–1657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, C.M., Newlands, S.D., Perachio, A.A., 2004, Spike detection, characterization, and discrimination using feature analysis software written in LabVIEW. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 76, 239–251.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasheed, S., Stashuk, D., Kamel, M., 2008, A software package for interactive motor unit potential classification using fuzzy k-NN classifier. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 89, 56–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, M., Graven-Nielsen, T., Farina, D., 2008, Effect of innervation-zone distribution on estimates of average muscle-fiber conduction velocity. Muscle & Nerve, 37, 68–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishihara, K., Kawai, H., Gomi, T., Terajima, M., Chiba, Y., 2008 Investigation of optimum electrode locations by using an automatized surface electromyography analysis technique. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55, 636–642.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saitou, K., Masuda, T., Michikami, D., Kojima, R., Okada, M., 2000, Innervation zones of the upper and lower limb muscles estimated by using multichannel surface EMG. Journal of Human Ergology, 29, 35–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerdle, B., Ostlund, N., Grönlund, C., Roeleveld, K., Karlsson, J.S., 2008, Firing rate and conduction velocity of single motor units in the trapezius muscle in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18, 707–716.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merletti, R., Holobar, A., Farina, D., 2008, Analysis of motor units with high-density surface electromyography. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18, 879–890.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zwarts, M.J., Stegeman, D.F., 2003 Multichannel surface EMG: basic aspects and clinical utility. Muscle & Nerve, 28, 1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishihara, K., Futami T., Hosoda, K., Gomi, T., 2005, Validation of estimated muscle fiber conduction velocity with the normalized peak-averaging technique. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 15, 93–101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hilfiker, P., Meyer, M., 1984, Normal and myopathic propagation of surface motor unit action potentials. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 57, 21–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenfalck, P., 1969, Intra- and extracellular potential fields of active nerve and muscle fibers. A physico-mathematical analysis of different models. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, S321, 1–168.
   Google Scholar
• Zalewska, E., Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz, I., 2008, Approximation of motor unit structure from the analysis of motor unit potential. Clinical Neurophysiology, 119, 2501–2506.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beck, T.W., Housh, T.J., Cramer, J.T., Malek, M.H., Mielke, M., Hendrix, R., Weir, J.P., 2008, Electrode shift and normalization reduce the innervation zone's influence on EMG. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, 1314–1322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li, W., Sakamoto, K., 1996, The influence of location of electrode on muscle fiber conduction velocity and EMG power spectrum during voluntary isometric contraction measured with surface array electrodes. Applied Human Science, 15, 25–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mito, K., Kaneko, K., Makabe, H., Takanokura, M., Sakamoto, K., 2006, Comparison of experimental and numerical muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) distribution around the end-plate zone and fiber endings. Medical Science Monitor, 12, 115–123.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, V.P., Kumar D.K., Polus B., Fraser S., 2007, Strategies to identify changes in SEMG due to muscle fatigue during cycling. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 31, 144–151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmad S.A., Chappell, P.H., 2009, Surface EMG pattern analysis of the wrist muscles at different speeds of contraction, Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 33, 376–385.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar