Heart Disease in Thalassemia Intermedia

REFERENCES

• Camaschella C, Cappellini MD. Thalassemia intermedia. Haematologica. 1995;80:58–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rund D, Rachmilewitz E. Beta-thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1135–1146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aessopos A, Farmakis D, Karagiorga M, et al. Cardiac involvement in thalassemia intermedia: a multicenter study. Blood. 2001;97:3411–3416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aessopos A, Farmakis D, Deftereos S, et al. Thalassemia heart disease: a comparative evaluation of thalassemia major and thalassemia intermedia. Chest. 2005;127:1523–1530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanello R, Barella S, Turco MP, et al. Serum erythropoietin and erythropoiesis in high- and low-fetal hemoglobin beta-thalassemia intermedia patients. Blood. 1994;83:561–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnet ES, Goddard BA, Markby D, Webber CE. The spleen as an arteriovenous shunt. Lancet. 1969;1:386–388.
   Google Scholar
• Aessopos A, Farmakis D, Tsironi M, et al. Hemodynamic assessment of splenomegaly in beta-thalassemia patients undergoing splenectomy. Ann Hematol. 2004;83:775–778.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aessopos A, Farmakis D, Deftereos S, et al. Cardiovascular effects of splenomegaly and splenectomy in B-thalassemia. Ann Hematol. 2005;84:353–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papanicolaou G, Tzilianos M, Christakis J, et al. Hepcidin in iron overload disorders. Blood. 2005;105:4103–4105.
   Google Scholar
• Hershko C, Link G, Cabantchik I. Pathophysiology of iron overload. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;850:191–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson LJ, Holden S, Davis B, et al. Cardiovascular T2-star (T2*) magnetic resonance for the early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:2171–2179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vichinsky EP. Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:857–859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aessopos A, Farmakis D, Loukopoulos D. Elastic tissue abnormalities resembling pseudoxanthoma elasticum in beta thalassemia and the sickling syndromes. Blood. 2002;99:30–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aessopos A, Farmakis D, Loukopoulos D. Elastic tissue abnormalities in inherited hemolytic syndromes. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002;32:640–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldor A, Rachmilewitz EA. The hypercoagulable state in thalassemia. Blood. 2002;99:36–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggeli C, Antoniades C, Cosma C, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory process in transfusion-dependent patients with beta-thalassemia major. Int J Cardiol. 2005;105:80–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmakis D, Vesleme V, Papadogianni A, Tsaftaridis P, Kapralos P, Aessopos A. Aneurysmatic dilatation of ascending aorta in a patient with beta-thalassemia and a pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like syndrome. Ann Hematol. 2004;83:596–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgna-Pignatti C, Carnelli V, Caruso V, et al. Thromboembolic event in beta thalassemia major: an Italian multicenter study. Acta Haematol. 1998;99:76–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cappellini MD, Robbiolo L, Bottasso BM, Coppola R, Fiorelli G, Mannucci AP. Venous thromboembolism and hypercoagulability in splenectomized patients with thalassaemia intermedia. Br J Haematol. 2000;111:467–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonakul D, Fucharoen S. Pulmonary thromboembolism in thalassemic patients. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1992;23:25–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aessopos A, Farmakis D, Karagiorga M, Rombos I, Loucopoulos D. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum lesions and cardiac complications as contributing factors for strokes in β-thalassemia patients. Stroke. 1997;28:2421–2424.
   Google Scholar
• Safar ME, Levy BI, Struijker-Boudier H. Current perspectives on arterial stiffness and pulse pressure in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation. 2003;107:2864–2869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aessopos A, Kati M, Farmakis D. Heart disease in thalassemia intermedia: a review of the underlying pathophysiology. Haematologica. 2007;92:658–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar