43
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Cloning of Cellulase Genes

, , , , &
Pages 129-162 | Published online: 27 Sep 2008

References

  • Duong T.-V.C., Johnson E. A., Demain A. L. Thermophilic, anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria. Top. Enzyme Ferment. Biotechnol. 1983; 7: 156
  • Ek M., Eriksson K.-E. Utilization of the white-rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum for water purification and protein production on mixed lignocellulosic wastewaters. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1980; 22: 2273
  • Moo-Young M., Chahal D. S., Vlach D. Single cell protein from various chemically pretreated wood substrates using Chaetomium cellulolyticum Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1978; 20: 107
  • Hitchner E. V., Leatherwood J. M. Use of a cellulase-derepressed mutant of Cellulomonas in the production of a single-cell protein product from cellulose. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1980; 39: 382
  • Cellulose: Biogenesis, Structure and Degradation, R. M. Brown, Jr. Plenum Press, New York 1982, Ed.
  • Eriksson K.-E., Wood T. M. Biodegradation of cellulose. Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components, T. Higuchi. Academic Press, London 1985; 469, Ed.
  • Wood T. M. Aspects of the biochemistry of cellulose degradation. Cellulose and its Derivatives, Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Applications, J. F. Kennedy, G. O. Phillips, D. J. Wedlock, P. A. Williams. Chichester Halsted Press, a division of John Wiley & Sons, Ellis Harwood 1985; 173
  • Coughlan M. P. The properties of fungal and bacterial cellulases with comment on their production and application. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1985; 3: 39
  • Ljungdahl L. G., Eriksson K.-E. Ecology of microbial cellulose degradation. Advances in Microbial Ecology, K. C. Marshall. Plenum Press, New York 1985; 8: 237, Ed.
  • Wood T. M., McCrae S. I. The cellulase of Trichoderma koningii. Purification and properties of some endoglucanase components with special reference to their action on cellulose when acting alone or in synergism with the cellobiohydrolase. Biochem. J. 1978; 171: 61
  • Fagerstam L. G., Pettersson L. G. The 1,4-β-glucan cellobiohydrolases of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. A new type of cellulolytic synergism. FEBS Lett. 1980; 119: 97
  • Wood T. M., McCrae S. I. The cellulase of Penicillum pinophilum. Synergism between enzyme components in solubilizing cellulose with special reference to the involvement of two immunologically distinct cellobiohydrolases. Biochem. J. 1986; 234: 93
  • Lamed R., Setter A., Bayer E. A. Characterization of a cellulose-binding, cellulase-containing complex in Clostridium thermocellum. J. Bacteriol. 1983; 156: 828
  • Lamed R., Setter E., Kenig R., Bayer E. A. The cellulosome—a discrete surface organelle of Clostridium thermocellum which exhibits separate antigenic, cellulose-binding, and various cellulolytic activities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1983; S13: 163
  • Coughlin M. P., Hon-nami K., Hon-nami H., Ljungdahl L. G., Paulin J. J., Rigsby W. E. The cellulolytic enzyme complex of Clostridium thermocellum is very large. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1985; 130: 904
  • Hon-nami K., Coughlan M. P., Hon-nami H., Ljungdahl L. G. Separation and characterization of the complexes constituting the cellulolytic enzyme system of Clostridium thermocellum Arch. Microbiol. 1986; 145: 13
  • Gilkes N. R., Langsford M. L., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C., Jr, Warren R. A. J. Mode of action and substrate specificities of cellulases from cloned bacterial genes. J. Biol. Chem. 1984; 259: 10455
  • Creuzet N., Bérenger J.-F., Frixon C. Characterization of exoglucanase and synergistic hydrolysis of cellulose in Clostridium stercorarium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1983; 20: 347
  • Mackenzie C. R., Bilous D., Johnson K. G. Purification and characterization of an exoglucanase from Streptomyces flavogriseus. Can. J. Microbiol. 1984; 30: 1141
  • Bartley T. D., Murphy-Holland K., Eveleigh D. E. A method for the detection and differentiation of cellulase components in polyacrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 1984; 140: 157
  • Barras F., Chambost J.-P., Chippaux M. Cellobiose metabolism in Erwinia: genetic study. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1984; 197: 486
  • Barras F., Lepelletier M., Chippaux M. Control by the cAMP-CRP complex of the PTS-dependent Erwinia chrysanthemi clbgenes in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1985; 30: 209
  • Palmer R. E., Anderson R. L. Cellobiose metabolism in Aerobacter aerogenes. III. Cleavage of cellobiose monosphosphate by a phospho-β-glucosidase. J. Biol. Chem. 1972; 247: 3420
  • Sato M., Takahashi H. Fermentation of 14C-labeled cellobiose by Cellulomonas fimi. Agr. Biol. Chem. 1967; 31: 470
  • Schimz K. L., Broll B., John B. Cellobiose phosphorylase (E.C. 2.4.1.20) of Cellulomonas: occurrence, induction and its role in cellobiose metabolism. Arch. Microbiol. 1983; 135: 241
  • Ait N., Creuzet N., Cattaneo J. Characterization and purification of thermostable β-glucosi-dase from Clostridium thermocellum. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1979; 90: 537
  • Alexander J. K. Cellobiose phosphorylase from. Clostridium thermocellum, V. Ginsburg, S. P. Colowick, N. O. Kaplan. Academic Press, New York 1972; 28: 944, Methods in Enzymology
  • Montenecourt B. S., Eveleigh D. E. Selective screening methods for the isolation of high yielding cellulase mutants of. Trichoderma reesei, in Hydrolysis of Cellulose. Mechanism of Enzymatic and Acid Catalysis, R. D. Brown, L. Jurasek. Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, DC, Washington 1979; 181: 289
  • Institut Francais duPétrole. IFP and Biotechnology, information leaflet, Rueil-Malmaison. 1986
  • Marmur J. A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acids from microorganisms. J. Mol. Biol. 1961; 3: 208
  • Saito H., Miura K. Preparation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid by phenol treatment. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1963; 72: 619
  • Hautala J. A., Corner B. H., Jacobson J. W., Patel G. L., Giles N. H. Isolation and characterization of nuclei from Neurospora crassa. J. Bacteriol. 1977; 130: 704
  • Loenen W. A., Brammar W. J. A: bacteriophage lambda vector for cloning large DNA fragments made with several restriction enzymes. Gene 1980; 10: 249
  • Hohn B., Collins J. A: small cosmid vector for efficient cloning of large DNA fragments. Gene 1980; 11: 291
  • Frey J., Bagdasarian M., Franklin C. H., Deshusses J. Stable cosmid vectors that enable the introduction of cloned fragments into a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. Gene 1983; 24: 289
  • Gerbaud C., Elmerich C., Tandeau de Marsac N., Chocat P., Charpin N., Guerineau M., Aubert J.-P. Construction of new yeast vectors and cloning of the Nif (nitrogen fixation) gene cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae in yeast. Curr. Genet. 1981; 3: 173
  • van Gijsegem F., Toussaint A., Schoonejans E. In vivo cloning of the pectate lyase and cellulase genes of. Erwinia chrysanthemi, EMBO J. 1985; 4: 787
  • Whittle D. J., Kilburn D. G., Warren R. A. J., Miller R. C., Jr. Molecular cloning of a Cellulomonas fimi cellulase gene. in 1982; 17: 139, Escherichia coli, Gene
  • Millet J., Pétré D., Béguin P., Raynaud O., Aubert J.-P. Cloning of ten distinct DNA fragments of Clostridium thermocellum coding for cellulases. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1985; 29: 145
  • Collmer A., Wilson D. B. Cloning and expression of a Thermomonospora YX endocellulase gene in E. coli Bio/Technology 1983; 1: 594
  • Sashihara N., Kudo T., Horikoshi K. Molecular cloning and expression of cellulase genes of alkalophilic Bacillussp. strain N-4 in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 1984; 158: 503
  • Robson L. M., Chambliss G. H. Cloning of the Bacillus subtilis DLGβ-1,4-glucanase gene and its expression in Escherichia coli and B. subtilis J. Bacteriol. 1986; 165: 612
  • Crosby B., Collier B., Thomas D. Y., Teather R. M., Erfle J. D. Cloning and expression. Escherichia coli of cellulase genes from Bacteroides succinogenes, Can. Ottawa, S. Hasnain. Elsevier, New York 1984; 573, Proc. 5th Canadian Bioenergy R&D Seminar, Ed.
  • Beggs J. D. Gene cloning in yeast. Genetic Engineering, R. Williamson. Academic Press, New York 1981; 2: 175, Ed.
  • Raynal A., Guerineau M. Cloning and expression of the structural gene for β-glucosidase of Kluyveromyces fragilis in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1984; 195: 108
  • Somogyi M. Notes on sugar determination. J. Biol. Chem. 1952; 195: 19
  • Miller G. L., Blum R., Glennon W. E., Burton A. L. Measurement of carboxymethylcellulase activity. Anal. Biochem. 1960; 2: 127
  • Almin K. E., Eriksson K. E., Pettersson L. G. Extracellular enzyme system utilized by the fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Eur. J. Biochem. 1975, 51: 207, 2. Activities of the five endo-β-1,4-glucanases towards carboxymethyl-cellulose
  • Cornet P., Tronik D., Millet J., Aubert J.-P. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of Clostridium thermocellum genes coding for amino acid synthesis and cellulose hydrolysis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1983; 16: 137
  • Teather R. M., Wood P. J. Use of Congo red-polysaccharide interactions in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from bovine rumen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1982; 43: 777
  • Cornet P., Millet J., Béguin P., Aubert J. P. Characterization of two cel(cellulose degradation) genes of Clostridium thermocellum coding for endoglucanases. Bio/Technology 1983; 1: 589
  • Skipper N., Sutherland M., Davies R. W., Kilburn D., Miller R. C., Wong R. Secretion of a bacterial cellulase by yeast. Science 1985; 230: 958
  • Penttilä M. E., Nevalainen K. M. H., Raynal A., Knowles J. K. C. Cloning of Aspergillus niger genes in yeast. Expression of the gene coding Aspergillus β-glucosidase. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1984; 194: 494
  • Schwarz W., Bronnenmeier K., Staudenbauer W. L. Molecular cloning of Clostridium thermocellum genes involved in β-glucan degradation in bacteriophage lambda. Biotechnol. Lett. 1985; 7: 859
  • Millet J. personal communication. 1985
  • Wakarchuk W. W., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C., Jr, Warren R. A. J. The molecular cloning and expression of a cellobioase gene from an Agrobacterium in Escherichia coli Mol. Gen. Genet. 1986; 205: 146
  • Wakarchuk W. W., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C. The preliminary characterization of the β-glucosidases of Cellulomonas fimi. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1984; 130: 1385
  • Armentrout R. W., Brown R. D. Molecular cloning of genes for cellobiose utilization and their expression in Escherichia coli Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1981; 41: 1355
  • Kohchi C., Toh-e A. Nucleotide sequence of Candida pelliculosa β-glucosidase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985; 13: 6273
  • van Tilbeurgh H., Claeyssens M., de Bruyne C. K. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl and other chromophoric glycosides in the study of cellulolytic enzymes. FEBS Lett. 1982; 149: 152
  • Béguin P. unpublished data. 1984
  • van Tilbeurgh H., Pettersson G., Bhikabhai R., de Boeck H., Claeyssens M. Studies of the cellulolytic system of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. Reaction specificity and thermodynamics of interactions of small substrates and ligands with the 1,4-β-glucan cellobiohydrolase II. Eur. J. Biochem. 1985; 148: 329
  • Benton W. D., Davis R. W. recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ Science 1977; 196: 180, Screening λgt
  • Grunstein M., Wallis J. Colony hybridization. Methods in Enzymology, R. Wu, S. P. Colowick, N. O. Kaplan. Academic Press, New York 1979; 68: 379
  • Shoemaker S., Schweickart V., Ladner M., Gelfand D., Kwok S., Myambo K., Innis M. Molecular cloning of exocellobiohydrolase 1 derived from Trichoderma reesei strain L27. Bio/Technology 1983; 1: 691
  • Teeri T., Salovuori I., Knowles J. The molecular cloning of the major cellulase gene from Trichoderma reesei Bio/Technology 1983; 1: 696
  • Béguin P., Rocancourt M., Chebrou M.-C., Aubert J.-P. Mapping of mRNA encoding endoglucanase A from Clostridium thermocellum Mol. Gen. Genet. 1986; 202: 251
  • Joliff G., Béguin P., Juy M., Millet J., Ryter A., Poljak R., Aubert J.-P. Isolation, crystallization, and properties of a new cellulase of Clostridium thermocellum overproduced in Escherichia coli Bio/Technology 1986; 4: 896
  • Béguin P., Cornet P., Millet J. Identification of the endoglucanase encoded by the celB gene of Clostridium thermocellum Biochimie 1983; 65: 495
  • Pétré D., Millet J., Longin R., Béguin P., Girard H., Aubert J.-P. Purification and properties of the endoglucanase C of Clostridium thermocellum produced in Escherichia coli Biochimie, in press
  • Greenberg N. M., Warren R. A. J., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C. Regulation, initiation and termination of the cenA and cex transcripts of Cellulomonas fimi J. Bacteriol. 1987; 169: 646, Jr.
  • McLaughlin J. R., Murray C. L., Rabinowitz J. C. Unique features in the ribosome binding site sequence of the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus β-lactamase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 1981; 256: 11283
  • Watson M. E. E. Compilation of published signal sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984; 12: 5145
  • Keddie R. M. Cellulomonas. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology,8th, R. E. Buchanan, N. E. Gibbons. William & Wilkins, Baltimore 1974; 629
  • Kristensen T. P. Continuous single cell protein production from Cellulomonas sp. and Candida utilis grown in mixture on barley straw. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. 1978; 5: 155
  • Hagget K. D., Gray P. P., Dunn N. W. Crystalline cellulose degradation by a strain of Cellulomonas and its mutant derivatives. Eur. J. Appl. Biotechnol. 1979; 8: 183
  • Choudhury N., Dunn N. W., Gray P. P. Use of a combined Cellulomonas and Trichoderma cellulase preparation for cellulose saccharification. Biotechnol. Lett. 1981; 3: 493
  • Choudhury N., Gray P. P., Dunn N. W. Saccharification of sugar cane bagasse by an enzyme preparation from Cellulomonas: resistance to product inhibition. Biotechnol. Lett. 1980; 2: 427
  • Rickard P. A. D., Laughlin T. A. Detection and assay of xylanolytic enzymes in a Cellulomonas isolate. Biotechnol. Lett. 1980; 2: 363
  • Rickard P. A. D., Peiris S. P. The hydrolysis of bagasse hemicellulose by selected strains of Cellulomonas Biotechnol. Lett. 1981 3: 39
  • Stewart B. J., Leatherwood J. M. Derepressed cellulase synthesis by Cellulomonas J. Bacteriol. 1976; 128: 609
  • Choi W. Y., Hagget K. D., Dunn N. W. Isolation of a cotton wool-degrading strain of Cellulomonas: mutants with altered ability to degrade cotton wool. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 1978; 31: 53
  • Hagget K. D., Choi W. Y., Dunn N. W. Mutants of Cellulomonas which produce increased levels of β-glucosidase. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1978; 6: 189
  • Béguin P., Eisen H., Roupas A. Free and cellulose-bound cellulases from Cellulomonas sp. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1977; 101: 191
  • Béguin P., Eisen H. Purification and partial characterization of three extracellular cellulases from Cellulomonas sp. Eur. J. Biochem. 1978 87: 525
  • Langsford M. L., Gilkes N. R., Wakarchuk W. W., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C. The cellulase system of Cellulomonas fimi J. Gen. Microbiol. 1984; 130: 1367
  • Langsford M. L., Gilkes N. R. unpublished results. 1986
  • Withers S. G., Dombroski D., Berven L. A., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C., Jr, Warren R. A. J., Gilkes N. R. Direct 1H N. M.R. determination of the stereochemical course of hydrolyses catalysed by glucanase components of the cellulase complex. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1986; 139: 487
  • Gilkes N. R., Kilburn D. G., Langsford M. L., Miller R. C., Jr, Wakarchuk W. W., Warren R. A. J., Whittle D. J., Wong W. K. R. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli clones expressing cellulase genes from Cellulomonas fimi J. Gen. Microbiol. 1984; 130: 1377
  • O'Neill G., Goh S. H., Warren R. A. J., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C., Jr. Structure of the gene encoding the exoglucanase of Cellulomonas fimi. Gene 1986; 44: 325
  • Wong W. K. R., Gerhard B., Guo Z. M., Kilburn D. G., Warren R. A. J., Miller R. C., Jr. Characterization and structure of an endoglucanase gene cenA of Cellulomonas fimi. Gene 1986; 44: 315
  • O'Neill G., Warren R. A. J., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C., Jr. Secretion of a Cellulomonas fimi exoglucanase by Escherichia coli Gene 1986; 44: 331
  • Warren R. A. J., Beck C. F., Gilkes N. R., Kilburn D. G., Langsford M. L., Miller R. C., Wong W. K. R. Unusual structural organization of two cellulases from Cellulomonas fimi. Cartrefle, Wrexham, North Wales 1986, in press, Jr.: Proc. Cellucon '86: Wood and Cellulosics
  • Paice M. G., Desrochers M., Rho D., Jurasek L., Roy C., Rollin C. F., de Miguel E., Yaguchi M. Two forms of endoglucanase from the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune and their relationship to other β-1,4-glycoside hydrolases. Bio/Technoloy 1984; 2: 535
  • Morosoli R., Roy C., Yaguchi M. Isolation and partial primary sequence of a xylanase from the yeast Cryptococcus albidus Biochim. Biophys. Acta, press
  • Fägerstam L. G., Pettersson L. G., Engström J. A. The primary structure of a β-1,4-glucan cellobiohydrolase from the fungus Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. FEBS Lett. 1984; 167: 309
  • Yaguchi M., Roy C., Rollin C. F., Paice M. G., Jurasek L. A fungal cellulase shows sequence homology with the active site of hen egg-white lysozyme. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1983; 116: 408
  • Clarke A. J., Yaguchi M. The role of carboxyl groups in the function of endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Schizophyllum commune Eur. J. Biochem. 1985; 149: 233
  • O'Neill G., Warren R. A. J., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C., Jr. Overproduction of a cellulase gene with a high guanosine plus cytosine content in Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1986; 52: 737
  • de Boer H. A., Hui A., Comstock L. J., Wong E., Vasser M. Portable Shine-Dalgarno regions—a system for a systematic study of defined alterations of nucleotide sequences within Escherichia coli ribosome binding sites. DNA 1983; 2: 231
  • Remaut E., Tsao H., Fiers W. Improved plasmid vectors with a thermoinducible expression and temperature-regulated runaway replication. Gene 1983; 22: 103
  • Arfman N. personal communication. 1986
  • Schoner R. G., Ellis L. F., Schoner B. E. Isolation and purification of protein granules from Escherichia coli cells overproducing bovine growth hormone. Bio/Technology 1985; 3: 151
  • Winkler M. E., Blaber M., Bennett G. L., Holmes W., Vehar G. A. Purification and characterization of recombinant urokinase from Escherichia coli Bio/Technology 1985; 3: 990
  • Pugsley A. P., Schwartz M. Export and secretion of proteins by bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 1985; 3: 32
  • Gilkes N. R., Kilburn D. G., Miller R. C. A mutant of Escherchia coli that leaks cellulase activity encoded by cellulase genes from Cellulomonas fimi Bio/Technology 1984; 2: 259
  • Skipper N. personal communication. 1986
  • Johnson E. A., Sakajoh M., Halliwell G., Madia A., Demain A. L. Saccharification of complex cellulosic substrates by the cellulase system from Clostridium thermocellum Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1982; 43: 1125
  • Bayer E. A., Kenig R., Lamed R. Adherence of Clostridium thermocellum to cellulose. J. Bacteriol. 1983; 156: 818
  • Hammerstrom R. A., Claus K. D., Coghlan J. W., McBee R. H. The constitutive nature of bacterial cellulases. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1955; 56: 123
  • Garcia-Martinez D. V., Shinmyo A., Madia A., Demain A. L. Studies on cellulase production by Clostridium thermocellum. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1980; 9: 189
  • Johnson E. A., Bouchot F., Demain A. L. Regulation of cellulase formation in Clostridium thermocellum J. Gen. Microbiol. 1985; 131: 2303
  • Johnson E. A., Demain A. L. Probable involvement of sulfhydryl groups and a metal as essential components of the cellulase of. Clostridium thermocellum, Arch. Microbiol. 1984; 137: 135
  • Ng T. K., Zeikus J. G. Purification and characterization of an endoglucanase (1,4-β-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) from Clostridium thermocellum Biochem. J. 1981; 199: 341
  • Pétré J., Longin R., Millet J. Purification of an endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Clostridium thermocellum Biochimie 1981; 63: 629
  • Wu J. H. D., Demain A. L. American Society for Microbiology. Abstr. 86th Annu. Meeting Am. Soc. Microbiol, P. Hartman. DC, Washington 1986; 273
  • Piruzian E. S., Mogutov M. A., Velikodov G. A., Akimenko V. K. Cloning and expression of structural genes of Clostridium thermocellum F7 cellulolytic complex endoglucanase in cells of Escherichia coli K12. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSR 1985; 281: 963
  • Sacco M., Millet J., Aubert J.-P. Cloning and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a cellulase gene from Clostridium thermocellum. Ann. Microbiol. 1984; 135A: 485, Inst. Pasteur),.
  • Joliff G. personal communication. 1986
  • Joliff G., Béguin P., Millet J., Aubert J.-P., Alzari P., Juy M., Poljak R. J. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction study of an endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum. J. Mol. Biol. 1986; 189: 249
  • Deshpande M. V., Eriksson K.-E., Pettersson L. G. An assay for selective determination of exo-1,4-β-glucanases in a mixture of cellulolytic enzymes. Anal. Biochem. 1984; 138: 481
  • Béguin P., Cornet P., Aubert J.-P. Sequence of a cellulase gene of the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum. J. Bacteriol. 1985; 162: 102
  • Grépinet O., Béguin P. Sequence of the cellulase gene of Clostridium thermocellum coding for endoglucanase B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986; 14: 1791
  • Rosenberg M., Court D. Regulatory sequences involved in the promotion and termination of RNA transcription. Annu. Rev. Genet. 1979; 13: 319
  • Losick R., Pero J. Cascades of sigma factors. Cell 1981; 25: 582
  • Gilman M. Z., Wiggs J. L., Chamberlin M. J. Nucleotide sequence of two Bacillus subtilis promoters used by Bacillus subtilis sigma28 polymerase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981; 9: 5991
  • Pétré D., Béguin P., Millet J., Aubert J.-P. Heterologous hybridization of bacterial DNA to the endoglucanases A and B structural genes celA and celB of Clostridium thermocellum Ann. Microbiol. 1985; 136B: 113, Inst. Pasteur)
  • Belaïch J.-P. personal communication. 1985
  • Murphy N., McConnel D. J., Cantwell B. A. The DNA sequence of the gene and genetic control sites for the excreted B. subtilis enzyme β-glucanase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984; 12: 5355
  • Hägerdahl B. G. R., Ferchak J. P., Pye E. K. Cellulolytic enzyme system of Thermomonospora sp. grown on microcrystalline cellulose. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1978; 36: 606
  • Calza R. E., Irwin D. C., Wilson D. B. Purification and characterization of two β-1,4-endo-glucanases from Thermomonospora fusca Biochemistry 1985; 24: 7797
  • Pidcock K. A., Montenecourt B. S., Sands J. A. Genetic recombination and transformation in protoplasts of Thermomonospora fusca Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1985; 50: 693
  • Fennington G., Lupo D., Stutzenberger F. Enhanced cellulase production in mutants of Thermomonospora curvata. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1982; 24: 2487
  • Fennington G., Neubauer D., Stutzenberger F. Cellulase biosynthesis in a catabolite repression-resistant mutant of Thermomonospora curvata Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1984; 47: 201
  • Vasantha N., Thompson L. D., Rhodes C., Banner C., Nagle J., Filpula D. Genes for alkaline protease and neutral protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens contain a large open reading frame between the regions coding for signal sequence and mature protein. J. Bacteriol. 1984; 159: 811
  • Wong S.-L., Price C. W., Goldfarb D. S., Doi R. H. The subtilisin E gene of Bacillus subtilis is transcribed from a σ37 promoter in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984; 81: 1184
  • Boyer M.-H., Chambost J.-P., Magnan M., Cattanéo J. Carboxymethylcellulase from Erwinia chrysanthemi. I. Production and regulation of extracellular carboxymethylcellulase. J. Biotechnol 1985; 1: 229
  • Boyer M.-H., Chambost J.-P., Magnan M., Cattanéo J. Carboxymethylcellulase from Erwinia chrysanthemi. II. Purification and partial characterization of an endo-β-1,4-glucanase. J. Biotechnol. 1985; 1: 241
  • Kricker M., Hall B. G. Directed evolution of cellobiose utilization in Escherichia coli Mol. Biol. Evol. 1984; 1: 171
  • Barras F., Boyer M. H., Chambost J. P., Chippaux M. Construction of a genomic library of Erwinia chrysanthemi and molecular cloning of the cellulase gene. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1984; 197: 513
  • Kotoujansky A., Diolez A., Boccara M., Bertheau Y., Andro T., Coleno A. Molecular cloning of Erwinia chrysanthemi pectinase and cellulase structural genes. EMBO J. 1985; 4: 781
  • Bertheau Y., Madgidt-Hervan E., Kotoujansky A., Nguyen-The C., Andro T., Coleno A. Detection of depolymerase isoenzymes after electrophoresis or electrofocusing, or in titration curves. Anal. Biochem. 1984; 139: 383
  • Roberts D. P., Allen C., Lacy G. H. Cloning Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora DNA fragments mediating the production of cellulase, protease, and pectolytic enzymes. Phytopathology 1985; 75: 628
  • Forsberg C. W., Beveridge T. J., Hellstrom A. Cellulase and xylanase release from Bacteroides succinogenes and its importance in the rumen environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1981; 42: 886
  • Groleau D., Forsberg C. W. Partial characterization of the extracellular carboxymethylcellulase activity produced by the rumen bacterium Bacteroides succinogenes Can. J. Microbiol. 1983; 29: 504
  • Wolff B. R., Mudry T. A., Glick B. R., Pasternak J. J. Isolation of endoglucanase genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa and a Pseudomonas sp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1986; 51: 1367
  • LeJeune A., Colson C., Eveleigh D. E. Cloning of an endoglucanase gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens var. cellulosa into Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens J. Ind. Microbiol. 1986; 1: 79
  • Sprey B., Lambert C. Heterogeneity of cellulose complexes from Trichoderma reesei—a preparative isoelectric focusing study of some extracellular hydrolases. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1984; 23: 227
  • Shoemaker S. P., Gelfand D. H., Innis M. A., Kwok S. Y., Ladner M. B., Schweickart V. Recombinant fungal cellobiohydrolases. European patent application EP 1984; 137: 280
  • Penttilä M., Lehtovaara P., Nevalainen H., Bhikhabhai R., Knowles J. Homology between cellulase genes of Trichoderma reesei: complete nucleotide sequence of the endoglucanase I gene. Gene 1986; 45: 253
  • Bhikabhai R., Johansson G., Pettersson L. G. Cellobiohydrolase from Trichoderma reesei. Internal homology and prediction of secondary structure. Int. J. Peptide Prot. Res. 1985; 25: 368
  • Lehtovaara P., Knowles J., Andre L., Penttilä M., Teeri T., Saluvuori I., Niku-Paavola M.-J., Enari T.-M. The application of recombinant DNA for the production of pure enzymes for the pulp and paper industry, in Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute. Stockholm 1986; 90
  • Merivuori H., Sands J. A., Montenecourt B. S. Effects of tunicamycin on secretion and enzymatic activities of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1985; 23: 60
  • Armentrout R. W., Brown R. D. Biologically engineered plasmid coding for the production of β-glucosidase, organisms modified by this plasmid and methods of use. U.S. Patent 07 Aug, 1984; 4464: 471
  • Day A. G., Withers S. G. The purification and characterization of a β-glucosidase from Alcaligenes faecalis. Biochem. Cell Biol. 1986; 64: 914
  • Eriksson K.-E., Pettersson B. Purification and partial characterization of two acidic proteases from the white-rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum Eur. J. Biochem. 1982; 124: 635
  • Sibakov M. High expression of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase with a Bacillus secretion vector. Eur. J. Biochem. 1986; 155: 577
  • Dubnau D. Molecular cloning in Bacillus subtilis. Experimental Manipulation of Gene Expression, M. Inouye. Academic Press, New York 1983, in, Ed., chap. 3.
  • Santamaria R. I., Gil J. A., Martin J. F. High frequency transformation of Brevibacterium Iactofermentum protoplasts by plasmid DNA. J. Bacteriol. 1985; 162: 463
  • Bibb M. J., Chater K. F., Hopwood D. A. Developments in Streptomyces cloning. Experimental Manipulation of Gene Expression, M. Inouye. Academic Press, New York 1983, in, Ed., chap. 4.
  • Smith R. A., Duncan M. J., Moir D. T. Heterologous protein secretion from yeast. Science 1985; 229: 1219
  • Ghrayeb J., Kimura H., Takahara M., Hsiung H., Masui Y., Inouye M. Secretion cloning vectors in Escherichia coli EMBO J. 1984; 3: 2437
  • Young R. A., Davis R. W. Efficient isolation of genes by using antibody probes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1983; 80: 1194
  • Fan L. T., Yong-Hyun L., Beardmore D. H. Major chemical and physical features of cellulosic materials as substrates for enzymatic hydrolysis. Adv. Biochem. Eng. 1980; 14: 101

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.