Light exposure at night is associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in the general elderly population: The HEIJO-KYO cohort

References

• Anea CB, Zhang M, Stepp DW, et al. (2009). Vascular disease in mice with a dysfunctional circadian clock. Circulation. 119:1510–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anea CB, Cheng B, Sharma S, et al. (2012). Increased superoxide and endothelial NO synthase uncoupling in blood vessels of Bmal1-knockout mice. Circ Res. 111:1157–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedrosian TA, Fonken LK, Walton JC, et al. (2011). Dim light at night provokes depression-like behaviors and reduces CA1 dendritic spine density in female hamsters. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 36:1062–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bewick V, Cheek L, Ball J. (2004). Statistics review 10: Further nonparametric methods. Crit Care. 8:196–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brzezinski A. (1997). Melatonin in humans. N Engl J Med. 336:186–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang AM, Santhi N, St Hilaire M, et al. (2012). Human responses to bright light of different durations. J Physiol. 590:3103–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajochen C, Zeitzer JM, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ. (2000). Dose–response relationship for light intensity and ocular and electroencephalographic correlates of human alertness. Behav Brain Res. 115:75–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajochen C, Münch M, Kobialka S, et al. (2005). High sensitivity of human melatonin, alertness, thermoregulation, and heart rate to short wavelength light. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90:1311–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeisler CA, Allan JS, Strogatz SH, et al. (1986). Bright light resets the human circadian pacemaker independent of the timing of the sleep–wake cycle. Science. 233:667–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis S, Kaune WT, Mirick DK, et al. (2001). Residential magnetic fields, light-at-night, and nocturnal urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration in women. Am J Epidemiol. 54:591–600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont M, Benhaberou-Brun D, Paquet J. (2001). Profile of 24-h light exposure and circadian phase of melatonin secretion in night workers. J Biol Rhythms. 16:502–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonken LK, Workman JL, Walton JC, et al. (2010). Light at night increases body mass by shifting the time of food intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:18664–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonken LK, Kitsmiller E, Smale L, Nelson RJ. (2012). Dim nighttime light impairs cognition and provokes depressive-like responses in a diurnal rodent. J Biol Rhythms. 27:319–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khot UN, Khot MB, Bajzer CT, et al. (2003). Prevalence of conventional risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA. 290:898–904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gangwisch JE. (2009). Epidemiological evidence for the links between sleep, circadian rhythms and metabolism. Obes Rev. 10:37–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupt CM, Alte D, Dörr M, et al. (2008). The relation of exposure to shift work with atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in a general population. Atherosclerosis. 201:205–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert M, Martin SK, Lee C, Eastman CI. (2002). The effects of prior light history on the suppression of melatonin by light in humans. J Pineal Res. 33:198–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, et al. (2007). Subclinical atherosclerosis and risk of atrial fibrillation: The Rotterdam study. Arch Intern Med. 167:382–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson B, Knutsson A, Lindahl B. (2001). Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27,485 people. Occup Environ Med. 58:747–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law MR, Wald NJ, Morris JK. (2004). The performance of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors as screening tests for ischaemic heart disease and stroke. J Med Screen. 11:3–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley SW, Evans EE, Scheer FA, et al. (2006). Short-wavelength sensitivity for the direct effects of light on alertness, vigilance, and the waking electroencephalogram in humans. Sleep. 29:161–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navara KJ, Nelson RJ. (2007). The dark side of light at night: Physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences. J Pineal Res. 43:215–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obayashi K, Saeki K, Iwamoto J, et al. (2012). Positive effect of daylight exposure on nocturnal urinary melatonin excretion in the elderly: A cross-sectional analysis of the HEIJO-KYO study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97:4166–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obayashi K, Saeki K, Iwamoto J, et al. (2013). Exposure to light at night, nocturnal urinary melatonin excretion, and obesity/dyslipidemia in the elderly: A cross-sectional analysis of the HEIJO-KYO study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 98:337–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obayashi K, Saeki K, Iwamoto J, et al. (2014a). Association between light exposure at night and nighttime blood pressure in the elderly independent of nocturnal urinary melatonin excretion. Chronobiol Int. 31:779–886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obayashi K, Saeki K, Kurumatani N. (2014b). Association between light exposure at night and insomnia in the general elderly population: The HEIJO-KYO cohort. Chronobiol Int. 31:976–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obayashi K, Saeki K, Kurumatani N. (2014c). Association between urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion and arterial stiffness in the general elderly population: The HEIJO-KYO cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99:3233–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. (1999). Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 340:14–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan A, Schernhammer ES, Sun Q, Hu FB. (2011). Rotating night shift work and risk of type 2 diabetes: Two prospective cohort studies in women. PLoS Med. 8:e1001141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH, Touitou Y. (2010). Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol Int. 27:1911–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puttonen S, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, et al. (2009). Shift work in young adults and carotid artery intima-media thickness: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Atherosclerosis. 205:608–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheer FA, van Doornen LJ, Buijs RM. (1999). Light and diurnal cycle affect human heart rate: Possible role for the circadian pacemaker. J Biol Rhythms. 14:202–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheer FA, Hilton MF, Mantzoros CS, Shea SA. (2009). Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:4453–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuboni D, Yan L. (2010). Nighttime dim light exposure alters the responses of the circadian system. Neuroscience. 10:1172–8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon A, Chironi G, Levenson J. (2007). Comparative performance of subclinical atherosclerosis tests in predicting coronary heart disease in asymptomatic individuals. Eur Heart J. 28:2967–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, Van Cauter E. (2004). Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med. 141:846–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan 2010. Available from: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/eiyou/h22-houkoku.html [Japanese; last accessed 28 Feb 2014]
   Google Scholar
• Yamasaki F, Schwartz JE, Gerber LM, et al. (1998). Impact of shift work and race/ethnicity on the diurnal rhythm of blood pressure and catecholamines. Hypertension 32:417–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viswambharan H, Carvas JM, Antic V, et al. (2007). Mutation of the circadian clock gene Per2 alters vascular endothelial function. Circulation. 115:2188–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vyas MV, Garg AX, Iansavichus AV, et al. (2012). Shift work and vascular events: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 345:e4800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeitzer JM, Dijk D, Kronauer RE, et al. (2000). Sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to nocturnal light: Melatonin phase resetting and suppression. J Physiol. 526:695–702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar