Publication Cover
Chronobiology International
The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research
Volume 32, 2015 - Issue 10
4,537
Views
48
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorial and Position Statement

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) as the reference standard for diagnosis of hypertension and assessment of vascular risk in adults

, , &

References

  • Agarwal R, Andersen MJ. (2005). Correlates of systolic hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease. Hypertension. 46:514–20
  • Agarwal R, Peixoto AJ, Santos SFF, Zoccali C. (2009). Out-of-office blood pressure monitoring in chronic kidney disease. Blood Press Monit. 14:2–11
  • American Diabetes Association. (2012). Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2012. Diabetes Care. 35:S1–110
  • Ayala DE, Hermida RC, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013a). Cardiovascular risk of resistant hypertension: Dependence on treatment-time regimen of blood pressure-lowering medications. Chronobiol Int. 30:340–52
  • Ayala DE, Moyá A, Crespo JJ, et al. (2013b). Circadian pattern of ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Chronobiol Int. 30:99–115
  • Ben-Dov IZ, Kark JD, Ben-Ishay D, et al. (2007). Predictors of all-cause mortality in clinical ambulatory monitoring. Unique aspects of blood pressure during sleep. Hypertension. 49:1235–41
  • Ben-Dov IZ, Mekler J, Bursztyn M. (2008). Sex differences in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Med. 121:509–14
  • Boggia J, Li Y, Thijs L, et al. (2007). Prognostic accuracy of day versus night ambulatory blood pressure: A cohort study. Lancet. 370:1219–29
  • Bouhanick B, Bongard V, Amar J, et al. (2008). Prognostic value of nocturnal blood pressure and reverse-dipping status on the occurrence of cardiovascular events in hypertensive diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab. 34:560–7
  • Brotman DJ, Davidson MB, Boumitri M, Vidt DG. (2008). Impaired diurnal blood pressure variation and all-cause mortality. Am J Hypertens. 21:92–7
  • Bur A, Herkner H, Vlcek M, et al. (2002). Classification of blood pressure levels by ambulatory blood pressure in hypertension. Hypertension. 40:817–22
  • Chiang CE, Wang TD, Ueng KC, et al. (2015). 2015 guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology and the Taiwan Hypertension Society for the Management of Hypertension. J Chin Med Assoc. 78:1–47
  • Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer DA, et al. (2003). Prognostic value of ambulatory blood-pressure recordings in patients with treated hypertension. N Engl J Med. 348:2407–15
  • Crespo C, Fernández JR, Aboy M, Mojón A. (2013). Clinical application of a novel automatic algorithm for actigraphy-based activity and rest period identification to accurately determine awake and asleep ambulatory blood pressure parameters and cardiovascular risk. Chronobiol Int. 30:43–54
  • Crespo JJ, Piñeiro L, Otero A, et al. (2013). Administration-time-dependent effects of hypertension treatment on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Chronobiol Int. 30:159–75
  • Davidson MB, Hix JK, Vidt DG, Brotman DJ. (2006). Association of impaired diurnal blood pressure variation with a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate. Arch Intern Med. 166:846–52
  • Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, et al. (2005). Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: The Dublin outcome study. Hypertension. 46:156–61
  • Eguchi K, Pickering TG, Hoshide S, et al. (2008). Ambulatory blood pressure is a better marker than clinic blood pressure in predicting cardiovascular events in patients with/without type 2 diabetes. Am J Hypertens. 21:443–50
  • Equiluz-Bruck S, Schnack C, Kopp HP, Schernthaner G. (1996). Nondipping of nocturnal blood pressure is related to urinary albumin excretion rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Hypertens. 9:1139–43
  • Fabbian F, Smolensky MH, Tiseo R, et al. (2013). Dipper and non-dipper blood pressure 24-hour patterns: Circadian rhythm-dependent physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Chronobiol Int. 30:17–30
  • Fagard RH, Celis H, Thijs L, et al. (2008). Daytime and nighttime blood pressure as predictors of death and cause-specific cardiovascular events in hypertension. Hypertension. 51:55–61
  • Fan HQ, Li Y, Thijs L, et al. (2010). Prognostic value of isolated nocturnal hypertension on ambulatory measurement in 8711 individuals from 10 populations. J Hypertens. 28:36–2045
  • Fogari R, Zoppi A, Malamani GD, et al. (1993). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in normotensive and hypertensive type 2 diabetes. Prevalence of impaired diurnal blood pressure patterns. Am J Hypertens. 6:1–7
  • Gradman AH. (2011). Sleep-time blood pressure. A validated therapeutic target. J Am Coll Cardiol. 58:1174–5
  • Hansen TW, Kikuya M, Thijs L, et al. (2008). Diagnostic thresholds for ambulatory blood pressure moving lower: a review based on a meta-analysis-clinical implications. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 10:377–81
  • Head GA, Mihailidou AS, Duggan KA, et al. (2010). Definition of ambulatory blood pressure targets for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in relation to clinic blood pressure: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 340:c1104
  • Hermida RC. (2007). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the prediction of cardiovascular events and effects of chronotherapy: Rationale and design of the MAPEC study. Chronobiol Int. 24:749–75
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, et al. (2002a). Modeling the circadian variability of ambulatorily monitored blood pressure by multiple-component analysis. Chronobiol Int. 19:461–81
  • Hermida RC, Mojón A, Fernández JR, et al. (2002b). The tolerance-hyperbaric test: A chronobiologic approach for improved diagnosis of hypertension. Chronobiol Int. 19:1183–211
  • Hermida RC, Fernández JR, Ayala DE, et al. (2004). Circadian time-qualified tolerance intervals for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis of hypertension. Chronobiol Int. 21:149–70
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Calvo C, et al. (2007a). Chronotherapy of hypertension: Administration-time dependent effects of treatment on the circadian pattern of blood pressure. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 59:923–39
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernandez JR, et al. (2007b). Influence of measurement duration and frequency on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Rev Esp Cardiol. 60:131–8
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Portaluppi F. (2007c). Circadian variation of blood pressure: The basis for the chronotherapy of hypertension. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 59:904–22
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2010). Influence of circadian time of hypertension treatment on cardiovascular risk: Results of the MAPEC study. Chronobiol Int. 27:1629–51
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, et al. (2011a). Circadian rhythms in blood pressure regulation and optimization of hypertension treatment with ACE inhibitor and ARB medications. Am J Hypertens. 24:383–91
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2011b). Decreasing sleep-time blood pressure determined by ambulatory monitoring reduces cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 58:1165–73
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2011c). Influence of time of day of blood pressure-lowering treatment on cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 34:1270–6
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2011d). Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 22:2313–21
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2012a). Sleep-time blood pressure and the prognostic value of isolated-office and masked hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 25:297–305
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2012b). Sleep-time blood pressure as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes. Am J Hypertens. 25:325–34
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Crespo JJ, et al. (2013a). Influence of age and hypertension treatment-time on ambulatory blood presure in hypertensive patients. Chronobiol Int. 30:176–91
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Mojón A. (2013b). Sleep-time blood pressure: prognostic value and relevance as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction. Chronobiol Int. 30:68–86
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, et al. (2013c). Administration-time-differences in effects of hypertension medications on ambulatory blood pressure regulation. Chronobiol Int. 30:280–314
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fontao MJ, et al. (2013d). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: importance of sampling rate and duration – 48 versus 24 hours – on the accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk. Chronobiol Int. 30:55–67
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013e). Blunted sleep-time relative blood pressure decline increases cardiovascular risk independent of blood pressure level – The “normotensive non-dipper” paradox. Chronobiol Int. 30:87–98
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013f). Ambulatory blood pressure thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension in patients with and without type 2 diabetes based on cardiovascular outcomes. Chronobiol Int. 30:132–44
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013g). Cardiovascular risk of essential hypertension: influence of class, number, and treatment-time regimen of hypertension medications. Chronobiol Int. 30:315–27
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013h). Role of time-of-day of hypertension treatment on the J-shaped relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. Chronobiol Int. 30:328–39
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, et al. (2013i). Differences between men and women in ambulatory blood pressure thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension based on cardiovascular outcomes. Chronobiol Int. 30:221–32
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Smolensky MH, et al. (2013j). Chronotherapy improves blood pressure control and reduces vascular risk in CKD. Nat Rev Nephrol. 9:358–68
  • Hermida RC, Ríos MT, Crespo JJ, et al. (2013k). Treatment-time regimen of hypertension medications significantly affects ambulatory blood pressure and clinical characteristics of patients with resistant hypertension. Chronobiol Int. 30:192–206
  • Hermida RC, Smolensky MH, Ayala DE, et al. (2013l). 2013 ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recommendations for the diagnosis of adult hypertension, assessment of cardiovascular and other hypertension-associated risk, and attainment of therapeutic goals. Joint recommendations from the International Society for Chronobiology (ISC), American Association of Medical Chronobiology and Chronotherapeutics (AAMCC), Spanish Society of Applied Chronobiology, Chronotherapy, and Vascular Risk (SECAC), Spanish Society of Atherosclerosis (SEA), and Romanian Society of Internal Medicine (RSIM). Chronobiol Int. 30:355–410
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, et al. (2014a). Sleep-time ambulatory blood pressure as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction. J Human Hypertens. 28:567–74
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Ríos MT, et al. (2014b). Around-the-clock ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is required to properly diagnose resistant hypertension and assess associated vascular risk. Curr Hypertens Rep. 16:445
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Smolensky MH, et al. (2014c). Chronotherapeutics of conventional blood pressure-lowering medications: Simple, low-cost means of improving management and treatment outcomes of hypertensive-related disorders. Curr Hypertens Rep. 16:412
  • Hermida RC, Smolensky MH, Ayala DE, et al. (2014d). Abnormalities in chronic kidney disease of ambulatory blood pressure 24 h patterning and normalization by bedtime hypertension chronotherapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 29:1160–7
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2015a). Sleep-time BP: Prognostic marker of type 2 diabetes and therapeutic target for prevention. Diabetologia. In press. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3748-8. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2015b). Sleep-time BP: Bedtime ingestion of hypertension medications reduces the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. In press. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3749-7. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Ingelsson E, Bjorklund-Bodegard K, Lind L, et al. (2006). Diurnal blood pressure pattern and risk of congestive heart failure. JAMA. 295:2859–66
  • Kagan A, Faibel H, Ben-Arie G, et al. (2007). Gender differences in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profile in obese, overweight and normal subjects. J Hum Hypertens. 21:128–34
  • Kario K, Pickering TG, Matsuo T, et al. (2001). Stroke prognosis and abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in older hypertensives. Hypertension. 38:852–7
  • Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Asayama K, et al. (2005). Ambulatory blood pressure and 10-year risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality. The Ohasama Study. Hypertension. 45:240–5
  • Kikuya M, Hansen TW, Thijs L, et al. (2007). Diagnostic thresholds for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring based on 10-year cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 115:2145–52
  • Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. (2013). 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J.Hypertens. 31:1281–357
  • Manfredini R, Fabbian F, Pala M, et al. (2011). Seasonal and weekly patterns of occurrence of acute cardiovascular diseases: Does a gender difference exist? J Womens Health. 20:1663–8
  • Meininger JC, Liehr P, Chan W, et al. (2004). Developmental, gender, and ethnic group differences in moods and ambulatory blood pressure in adolescents. Ann Behav Med. 28:10–19
  • Minutolo R, Agarwal R, Borrelli S, et al. (2011). Prognostic role of ambulatory blood pressure measurement in patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease. Arch Intern Med. 171:1090–8
  • Mojón A, Ayala DE, Piñeiro L, et al. (2013). Comparison of ambulatory blood pressure parameters of hypertensive patients with and without chronic kidney disease. Chronobiol Int. 30:145–58
  • Moyá A, Crespo JJ, Ayala DE, et al. (2013). Effects of time-of-day of hypertension treatment on ambulatory blood pressure and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes. Chronobiol Int. 30:116–31
  • Nakano S, Fukuda M, Hotta F, et al. T, Uchida K. (1998). Reversed circadian blood pressure rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal events in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes. 47:1501–6
  • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2011). Hypertension: The clinical management of primary hypertension in adults. NICE Clinical Guidelines 127: Methods, evidence and recommendations. National Clinical Guidelines Centre, London, UK. Available from: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG/Wave2/14 [last accessed 24 September 2015]
  • Ohkubo T, Imai Y, Tsuji I, et al. (1998). Reference values for 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring based on a prognostic criterion: The Ohasama Study. Hypertension. 32:255–259
  • Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, et al. (2002). Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: The Ohasama study. J Hypertens. 20:2183–9
  • Ong KL, Tso AW, Lam KS, Cheung BM. (2008). Gender difference in blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk factors in Americans with diagnosed hypertension. Hypertension. 51:1142–8
  • Pimenta E. (2012). Hypertension in women. Hypertens Res. 35:148–52
  • Piper MA, Evans CV, Burda BU, et al. (2015). Diagnosis and predictive accuracy of blood pressure screening methods with consideration of rescreening intervals: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Internal Med. 162:192–204
  • Pogue V, Rahman M, Lipkowitz M, et al. (2009). Disparate estimates of hypertension control from ambulatory and clinic blood pressure measurements in hypertensive kidney disease. Hypertension. 53:20–7
  • Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH. (2007). Circadian rhythmic and environmental determinants of 24-hour blood pressure regulation in normal and hypertensive conditions. In White WB ed. Blood pressure monitoring in cardiovascular medicine and therapeutics. Totowa NJ: Humana Press, pp. 135–58
  • Portaluppi F, Montanari L, Ferlini M, Gilli P. (1990). Altered circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate in non-hemodialysis chronic renal failure. Chronobiol Int. 7:321–7
  • Portaluppi F, Tiseo R, Smolensky MH, et al. (2012). Circadian rhythms and cardiovascular health. Sleep Med Rev. 16:151–166
  • Ríos MT, Domínguez-Sardiña M, Ayala DE, et al. (2013). Prevalence and clinical characteristics of isolated-office and true resistant hypertension determined by ambulatory blood presure monitoring. Chronobiol Int. 30:207–20
  • Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. (2011). Heart disease and stroke statistics–2011 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 123:e18–209
  • Salles GF, Cardoso CR, Muxfeldt ES. (2008). Prognostic influence of office and ambulatory blood pressures in resistant hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 168:2340–6
  • Shimamoto K, Ando K, Fujita T, et al. (2014). The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of hypertension (JSH 2014). Hypertens Res. 37:253–390
  • Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Ayala DE, et al. (2010). Administration-time-dependent effect of blood pressure-lowering medications: Basis for the chronotherapy of hypertension. Blood Press Monit. 15:173–180
  • Smolensky MH, Siegel RA, Haus E, et al. (2012). Biological rhythms, drug delivery, and chronotherapeutics. In Siepmann J, Siegel RA, Rathbone MJ (eds). Fundamentals and applications of controlled release drug delivery. Heildelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 359–443
  • Smolensky MH, Ayala DE, Hermida RC. (2015a). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as THE reference standard to confirm diagnosis of hypertension in adults: Recommendation of the 2015 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Chronobiol Int. 32. in press. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2015.0182106
  • Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Portaluppi F. (2015b). Bedtime hypertension chronotherapy: Concepts and patient outcomes. Curr Pharm Des. 21:773–90
  • Smolensky MH, Portaluppi F, Hermida RC. (2015c). Circadian and cyclic environmental determinants of normal and hypertensive 24-hour blood pressure patterning and implications for therapeutic Interventions. In White WB, ed. Clinical hypertension and vascular disease: Blood pressure monitoring in cardiovascular medicine and chronotherapeutic. 3rd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Springer. In press
  • Sturrock NDC, George E, Pound N, et al. (2000). Non-dipping circadian blood pressure and renal impairment are associated with increased mortality in diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 17:360–4
  • The ABC-H Investigators, Roush GC, Fagard RH, et al. (2014). Prognostic impact from clinic, daytime, and nighttime systolic blood pressure in 9 cohorts on 13 844 patients with hypertension. J Hypertens. 32:2332–40
  • The ABC-H Investigators, Roush GC, Fagard RH, et al. (2015). Prognostic impact of sex-ambulatory blood pressure interactions in 10 cohorts on 17 312 patients diagnosed with hypertension. Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 33:212–20
  • Rydén L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, et al.; The Task Force of diabetes, pre-diabetes, cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiolofy (ESC) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). (2013). ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 34:3035–87
  • Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, et al. (1994). Ambulatory blood pressure: An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 24:793–801
  • Vriz O, Lu H, Visentin P, et al. (1997). Gender differences in the relationship between left ventricular size and ambulatory blood pressure in borderline hypertension. The HARVEST Study. Eur Heart J. 18:664–70
  • Wang X, Poole JC, Treiber FA, et al. (2006). Ethnic and gender differences in ambulatory blood pressure trajectories: Results from a 15-year longitudinal study in youth and young adults. Circulation. 114:2780–7

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.