Comparative Efficacy of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) versus a Speech-Generating Device: Effects on Social-communicative Skills and Speech Development

References

• Alberto, P. A., & Troutman, A. C. (2012). Applied behavior analysis for teachers (9th ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 91–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow, D. H., & Hayes, S. C. (1979). Alternating treatment design: One strategy for comparing the effects of two treatments in a single subject. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12, 199–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock, S. J., Stoner, J. B., Beck, A. R., Hanley, L., & Prochnow, J. (2005). Increasing functional communication in nonspeaking preschool children: Comparison of PECS and VOCA. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 40, 264–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boesch, M. C. (2011). Augmentative and alternative communication ?in autism: A comparison of the Picture Exchange Communication System and speech-output technology (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations (AAT 3479313).
   Google Scholar
• Boesch, M. C., Wendt, O., Subramanian, A., & Hsu, N. (2013). Comparative efficacy of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) versus a speech-generating device: Effects on requesting skills. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, ?480–493. doi: 10.1015/j.rasd.2012.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bondy, A., & Frost, L. (1994). The Picture Exchange Communication System. Focus on Autistic Behavior, 9, 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, D., & Felce, J. (2007). Increase in production of spoken words in some children with autism after PECS training to phase III. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 780–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2012). Data and statistics: Prevalence. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html
   Google Scholar
• Charlop-Christy, M. H., Carpenter, M., Le, L., LeBlanc, L. A., & Kellet, K. (2002). Using the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) with children with autism: Assessment of PECS acquisition, speech, social-communication behavior, and problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35,?213–231. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Cummings, A. R., Carr, J. E., & LeBlanc, L. A. (2012). Experimental evaluation of the training structure of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6, 32–45. doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee. (2011). IACC Strategic Plan for Autism Spectrum Disorder Research. Retrieved from http://iacc.hhs.gov/strategic-plan/2011/index.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Durand, V. M. (1993). Functional communication training using assistive devices: Effects on challenging behavior and affect. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 9, 168–176.
   Google Scholar
• Dyches, T. T. (1998). Effects of switch training on the communication of children with autism and severe disabilities. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 13, 151–162.
   Google Scholar
• Dyches, T. T., Davis, A., Lucido, B. R., & Young, J. R. (2002). Generalization of skills using pictographic and voice output communication devices. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 18, 124–131.
   Google Scholar
• Fenson, L., Marchman, V., Thal, D., Dale, P., Reznick, S., & Bates, E. (2007). The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User's guide and technical manual (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Brookes.
   Google Scholar
• Flippin, M., Reszka, S., & Watson, L. R. (2010). Effectiveness of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on communication and speech for children with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19, 178–195. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0022)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, L. A., & Bondy, A. (2002). The Picture Exchange Communication System training manual (2nd ed.). Newark, DE: Pyramid Educational Products.
   Google Scholar
• Ganz, J., Parker, R., & Benson, J. (2009). Impact of the picture exchange communication system: Effects on communication and collateral effects on maladaptive behaviors. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 25, 250–261. doi: 10.3109/ 074346109033811111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz, J., & Simpson, R. (2004). Effects on communication requesting and speech development of the Picture Exchange Communication System in children with characteristics of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 395–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz, J., Simpson, R. L., & Corbin-Newsome, J. (2008). The impact of the Picture Exchange Communication System on requesting and speech development in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders and similar characteristics. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2, 157–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, S. L., & Banda, D. R. (2010). Picture Exchange Communication System with individuals with developmental disabilities: A meta-analysis of single subject studies. Remedial and Special Education, 31, 476–488. doi: 10.1177/0741932509338354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howlin, P., Mawhood, L., & Rutter, M. (2000). Autism and developmental receptive language disorder: A follow up comparison in early adult life. II. Social, behavioural, and psychiatric outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 561–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurgens, A., Anderson, A., & Moore, D. W. (2009). The effects of teaching PECS to a child with autism on verbal behavior, play, and social functioning. Behaviour Change, 26, 66–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, C. H. (Ed.). (2005). Single-case designs for educational research. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Kravits, T. R., Kamps, D. M., Kemmerer, K., & Potucek, J. (2002). Increasing communication skills for an elementary-aged student with autism using the Picture Exchange Communication System. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 225–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krstovska-Guerrero, I., & Jones, E. A. (2013). Joint attention in autism: Teaching smiling coordinated with gaze to respond to ?joint attention bids. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, ?7, 93–108. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancioni, G. E., O’Reilly, M. F., Oliva, D., & Coppa, M. M. (2001). Using multiple microswitches to promote different responses in children with multiple disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 22, 309–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerna, A., Esposito, D., Conson, M., Russo, L., & Massagli, A. (2012). Social-communicative effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) in autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 47, 609–617. doi:10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00172.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, L. L., Fuller, D. R., & Arvidson, H. H. (1997). Augmentative and alternative communication: A handbook of principles and practices. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Matson, J. L., Matson, M. L., & Rivet, T. T. (2007). Social-skills treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders: An overview. Behavior Modification, 31(5), 682–707. doi: 10.1177/ 0145445507301650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). (2010). NIDCD fact sheet: Communication problems in children with autism. Retrieved from http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/CommunicationProblemsInChildrenWithAutism.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Olive, M., de la Cruz, B., Davis, T. N., Chan, J. M., Lang, R. B., O’Reilly, M. F., & Dickson, S. M. (2007). The effects of enhanced milieu teaching and a voice output communication aid on the requesting of three children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1505–1513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace, G. M., Ivancic, M. T., Edwards, G. L., Iwata, B. A., & Page T. J. (1985). Assessment of stimulus preference and reinforcer value with profoundly retarded individuals. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 249–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J. H., Alber-Morgan, S. R., & Cannella-Malone, H. (2011). Effects of mother-implemented picture exchange communication system (PECS) training on independent communicative behaviors of young children with autism spectrum disorders. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 31, 37–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, R. I., & Vannest, K. J. (2009). An improved effect size for single-case research: Non-overlap of all pairs (NAP). Behavior Therapy, 40, 357–367. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008. 10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons, C. L., & La Sorte, D. (1993). The effect of computers with synthesized speech and no speech on the spontaneous communication of children with autism. Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders, 21, 12–31.
   Google Scholar
• Preston, D., & Carter, M. (2009). A review of the efficacy of the Picture Exchange Communication System intervention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1471–1486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romski, M. A., & Sevcik, R. A. (1988). Augmentative and alternative communication systems: Considerations for individuals with severe intellectual disabilities. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 4, 83–93.
   Google Scholar
• Romski, M. A., & Sevcik, R. A. (1993). Language comprehension: Considerations for augmentative and alternative communication. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 9, 281–285.
   Google Scholar
• Romski, M. A., Sevcik, R. A., Adamson, L. B., Cheslock, M., Smith, A., Barker, R. M., & Bakerman, R. (2010). Randomized comparison of augmented and nonaugmented language interventions for toddlers with developmental delays and their parents. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 350–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schepis, M. M., Reid, D. H., Behrman, M. M., & Sutton, K. A. ?(1998). Increasing communicative interactions of young children with autism using a voice output communication aid and naturalistic teaching. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,? 31, 561–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlosser, R. W., Sigafoos, J., Luiselli, J., Angermeier, K., Schooley, K., Harasymowyz, U., & Belfiore, J. (2007). Effects of synthetic speech output on requesting and natural speech production in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 139–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlosser, R. W., & Wendt, O. (2008). Effects of augmentative and alternative communication intervention on speech production in children with autism: A systematic review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 17, 212–230. doi: 10.1044/?1058-0360(2008/021)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1993). Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, I. S., Garfinkle, A. N., & Bauer, J. (1998). The Picture Exchange Communication System: Communicative outcomes for young children with disabilities. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 18, 144–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigafoos, J., Didden, R., & O’Reilly, M. (2003). Effects of speech output on maintenance of requesting and frequency of vocalizations in three children with developmental disabilities. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 19, 37–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sigafoos, J., Green, V. A., Payne, D., Son, S., O’Reilly, M., & Lancioni, G. E. (2009). A comparison of picture exchange and speech-generating devices: Acquisition, preference, and effects on social interaction. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 25, 99–109. doi: 10.1080/07434610902739959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigafoos, J., O’Reilly, M., Seely-York, S., & Edrisinha, C. (2004). Teaching students with developmental disabilities to locate their AAC device. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25, 371–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigafoos, J., & Reichle, J. (1992). Comparing explicit to generalized requesting in an augmentative communication mode. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 4, 167–188.
   Google Scholar
• Son, S. H., Sigafoos, J., O’Reilly, M., & Lancioni, G. E. (2006). Comparing two types of augmentative and alternative communication systems for children with autism. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 9, 389–395. doi: 10.1080/13638490500519984
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soto, G., Belfiore, P. J., Schlosser, R. W., & Haynes, C. (1993). Teaching specific requests: A comparative analysis on skill acquisition and preference using two augmentative and alternative communication aids. Education and Training in Mental Retardation, 28, 169–178.
   Google Scholar
• Tincani, M. (2004). Comparing the Picture Exchange Communication System and sign language for children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 19, 152–163.
   Google Scholar
• Tincani, M., Crozier, S., & Alazetta, L. (2006). The Picture Exchange Communication System: Effects on manding and speech development for school-aged children with autism. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 41, 177–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Meer, L., Didden, R., Sutherland, D., O’Reilly, M. F., Lancioni, G. E., & Sigafoos, J. (2012a). Comparing three augmentative and alternative communication modes for children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 24, 451–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Meer, L., Kagohara, D., Achmadi, D., O’Reilly, M. F., Lancioni, G. E., Sutherland, D., & Sigafoos, J. (2012b). Speech-generating devices versus manual signing for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33, 1658–1669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Meer, L., Sutherland, D., O’Reilly, M. F., Lancioni, G. E., & Sigafoos, J., (2012c). A further comparison of manual signing, picture exchange, and speech-generating devices as communication modes for children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6, ?1247–1257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendt, O., Hsu, N., Boesch, M. C., & Subramanian, A. (2012, August). Effects of speech-generating devices and iPads infused ?into exchange-based communication for children with severe autism. Paper presented at the Biennial Conference of the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Pittsburgh, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Yoder, P. J., & Stone, W. L. (2006). A randomized comparison of the effect of two prelinguistic communication interventions on ?the acquisition of spoken communication in preschools with ASD. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, ?49, 698–711. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/051)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar