Prenatal exposure to wartime stress – long-term effect on coronary heart disease in later life

References

• Eriksson JG. Early growth, and coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes: experiences from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Studies. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30 Suppl 4: S18–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frankel S, Elwood P, Sweetnam P, Yarnell J, Smith GD. Birthweight, body-mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1996;348:1478–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon DA, Lithell HO, Vagero D, Koupilova I, Mohsen R, Berglund L, . Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915–29. BMJ. 1998;317:241–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowler RM, Mergler D, Huel G, Cone JE. Psychological, psychosocial, and psychophysiological sequelae in a community affected by a railroad chemical disaster. J Trauma Stress. 1994;7:601–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederman SA, Rauh V, Weiss L, Stein JL, Hoepner LA, Becker M, . The effects of the World Trade Center event on birth outcomes among term deliveries at three lower Manhattan hospitals. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112: 1772–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkowitz GS, Wolff MS, Janevic TM, Holzman IR, Yehuda R, Landrigan PJ. The World Trade Center disaster and intrauterine growth restriction. JAMA. 2003;290:595–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maric NP, Dunjic B, Stojiljkovic DJ, Britvic D, Jasovic-Gasic M. Prenatal stress during the 1999 bombing associated with lower birth weight—a study of 3,815 births from Belgrade. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2010;13:83–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson JG. Epidemiology, genes and the environment: lessons learned from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. J Intern Med. 2007;261:418–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker DJ, Osmond C, Simmonds SJ, Wield GA. The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life. BMJ. 1993; 306:422–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson JG, Forsen T, Tuomilehto J, Osmond C, Barker DJ. Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study. BMJ. 2001;322:949–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roseboom TJ, van der Meulen JH, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Ravelli AC, Schroeder-Tanka JM, . Coronary heart disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine, 1944–45. Heart. 2000;84:595–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanner SA, Yudkin JS. Fetal programming and the Leningrad Siege study. Twin Res. 2001;4:287–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stanner SA, Bulmer K, Andres C, Lantseva OE, Borodina V, Poteen VV, . Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study. BMJ. 1997;315:1342–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Head RF, Gilthorpe MS, Byrom A, Ellison GT. Cardiovascular disease in a cohort exposed to the 1940–45 Channel Islands occupation. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazumder B, Almond D, Park K, Crimmins EM, Finch CE. Lingering prenatal effects of the 1918 influenza pandemic on cardiovascular disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2010;1: 26–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastorci F, Vicentini M, Viltart O, Manghi M, Graiani G, Quaini F, . Long-term effects of prenatal stress: changes in adult cardiovascular regulation and sensitivity to stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009;33:191–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson JG, Forsen T, Tuomilehto J, Winter PD, Osmond C, Barker DJ. Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: longitudinal study. BMJ. 1999;318: 427–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsen T, Eriksson JG, Tuomilehto J, Teramo K, Osmond C, Barker DJ. Mother's weight in pregnancy and coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men: follow up study. BMJ. 1997;315:837–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolonen H, Salomaa V, Torppa J, Sivenius J, Immonen-Raiha P, Lehtonen A. The validation of the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and Causes of Death Register data on cerebrovascular disease diagnoses. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14:380–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helminen M, Lukander A. Helsingin Suurpommitukset Helmikuussa 1944. Helsinki: WSOY; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Jatkosodan historia 1. Talvisodasta jatkosotaan. Sota alkaa. Porvoo, Helsinki, Juva: WSOY; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Helsingin historia 2010. Available from: http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Helsinki/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/helsinki/fi/Helsinki-tietoa+ja+linkkej_/Helsingin+historia (accessed 2010).
   Google Scholar
• Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of survival data. New York & London: Chapman and Hall; 1984. 19.
   Google Scholar
• Besag J, York J, Mollie A. Bayesian image restoration with two applications in spatial statistics. Ann Inst Stat Math. 1991;43:1–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Painter RC, Roseboom TJ, Bleker OP. Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine and disease in later life: an overview. Reprod Toxicol. 2005;20:345–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garfield R, Santana S. The impact of the economic crisis and the US embargo on health in Cuba. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:15–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark DA, Chaouat G, Gorczynski RM. Thinking outside the box: mechanisms of environmental selective pressures on the outcome of the materno-fetal relationship. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2002;47:275–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynn LM, Wadhwa PD, Dunkel-Schetter C, Chicz-Demet A, Sandman CA. When stress happens matters: effects of earthquake timing on stress responsivity in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184:637–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar