1,430
Views
32
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Impact of Xuezhikang on coronary events in hypertensive patients with previous myocardial infarction from the China Coronary Secondary Prevention Study (CCSPS)

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 231-240 | Received 26 Apr 2009, Accepted 21 Jan 2010, Published online: 30 Mar 2010

References

  • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–97.
  • Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, Wedel H, Beevers G, Caulfield M, . Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1149–58.
  • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA. 2002;288:2998–3007.
  • Messerli FH, Pinto L, Tang SSK, Thakker KM, Cappelleri JC, Sichrovsky T, . Impact of systemic hypertension on the cardiovascular benefits of statin therapy–-a meta-analysis. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:319–25.
  • Wang J, Lu Z, Chi J, Su M, Kou W, Yu F, . Multiple clinical trials of the serum lipid-lowering effects of a Monascus purpureus (red yeast rice preparation from traditional Chinese medicine. Curr Ther Res. 1997;58:964–78.
  • Li J-J, Hu S-S, Fang C-H, Hui R-T, Miao L-F, Yang Y-J, . Effects of Xuezhikang, an extract of cholestin, on lipid profile and C-reactive protein: a short-term time course study in patients with stable angina. Clin Chim Acta. 2005;352:217–24.
  • Li J-J, Wang Y, Nie S-P, Li Y-S, Huang Y, Hui R-T. Xuezhikang, an extract of cholestin, decreases plasma inflammatory markers and endothelin-1, improve exercise-induced ischemia and subjective feeling in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Int J Cardiol. 2007;122:82–4.
  • Lu Z-L, Kou W-R, Du B-M, Wu Y-F, Zhao S-P, Brusco OA, . Effects of Xuezhikang, an extract from red yeast Chinese rice, on coronary events in a Chinese population with previous myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101: 1689–93.
  • Ye P, Lu Z-L, Du B-M, Chen Z, Wu Y-F, Yu X-H, .; for the CCSPS investigators. Effects of Xuezhikang on cardiovascular events and mortality in elderly patients with a history of myocardial infarction: a subgroup analysis of elderly subjects from the China Coronary Secondary Prevention Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55:1015–22.
  • Zhao S-P, Lu Z-L, Du B-M, Chen Z, Wu Y-F, Yu X-H, . Xuezhikang, an extract of cholestin, reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes patients with coronary heart disease: subgroup analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes from China Coronary Secondary Prevention Study (CCSPS). J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007;49:81–4.
  • Sever PS. Lipid-lowering therapy and the patients with multiple risk factors: what have we learned from the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT)? Am J Med. 2005;118:35–95.
  • Wilson PW, Kannel WB, Silbershatz H, D’Agostino RB. Clustering of metabolic factors and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1104–9.
  • Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease. Overall findings and differences by age for 316,099 white men. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:56–64.
  • Thomas F, Bean K, Guize L, Quentzel S, Argyriadis P, Benetos A. Combined effects of systolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol on cardiovascular mortality in young (<55 years) men and women. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:528–35.
  • Wilhelmsen L, Berglund G, Elmfeldt D, Tibblin G, Wedel G, Pennert K, . The multifactor primary prevention trial in Goteborg, Sweden. Eur Heart J. 1986;7:279–88.
  • Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jensen GV, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:383–93.
  • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7–22.
  • Ferrier KE, Muhlmann MH, Baguet JP, Cameron JD, Jennings GL, Dart AM, . Intensive cholesterol reduction lowers blood pressure and large artery stiffness in isolated systolic hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1020–5.
  • Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd, Goldstein LB, Hennerici M, Rudolph AE, .; Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Investigators. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:549–59.
  • Reeves MJ, Gargano JW, Luo Z, Mullard AJ, Jacobs BS, Majid A, . Effects of pretreatment with statins on ischemic stroke outcomes. Stroke. 2008;39:1779–85.
  • Nakamura H, Arakawa K, Itakura H, Kitabatake A, Goto Y, Toyota T, . Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin: in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1155–63.
  • Lee E, Ryan S, Birmingham B, Zalikowski J, March R, Ambrose H, . Rosuvastatin pharmaccokinetics and pharmacogenetics in white and Asian subjects residing in the same environment. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005;78:330–41.
  • Zhao S-P, Liu L, Cheng Y-C, Shishehbor MH, Liu M-H, Peng D-Q, . Xuezhikang, an extract of cholestin, protects endothelial function through anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering mechanisms in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2004;110:915–20.
  • Dale KM, Coleman CI, Henyan NN, Kluger J, White CM. Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2006;295: 74–80.
  • Su NW, Lin YL, Lee MH, Ho CY. Ankaflavin from Monascus-fermented red rice exhibits selective cytotoxic effects and induces cells death on Hep G2 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2005;53:1949–54.
  • Takemoto M, Liao J. Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Res. 2001;21:1712–9.
  • Ruiz-Ortega M, Ruperez M, Esteban V, Egido I. Molecular mechanisms of angiotensin II-induced vascular injury. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2003;5:73–9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.