Vasomotor hot flushes and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in recently post-menopausal women

References

• Zanchetti A, Facchetti R, Cesana GC, Modena MG, Pirrelli A, Sega R, . Menopause-related blood pressure increase and its relationship to age and body mass index: the SIMONA epidemiological study. J Hypertens. 2005;23:2269–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coylewright M, Reckelhoff JF, Ouyang P. Menopause and hypertension: an age-old debate. Hypertension. 2008;51: 952–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton M, Meyer MR. Post-menopausal hypertension: mechanisms and therapy. Hypertension. 2009;54:11–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casiglia E, Tikhonoff V, Caffi S, Bascelli A, Schiavon L, Guidotti F, . Menopause does not affect blood pressure and risk profile, and menopausal women do not become similar to men. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1983–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cifkova R, Pitha J, Lejskova M, Lanska V, Zecova S. Blood pressure around the menopause: a population study. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1976–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkola TS, Ylikorkala O. Hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease–-still much to be learnt. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2005;20:116–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Schouw YT, Grobbee DE. Menopausal complaints, oestrogens, and heart disease risk: an explanation for discrepant findings on the benefits of post-menopausal hormone therapy. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1358–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. HRT and the young at heart. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2639–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkerton JV, Stovall DW. Is there an association between vasomotor symptoms and both low bone density and cardiovascular risk? Menopause. 2009;16:219–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman RR, Dinsay R. Clonidine raises the sweating threshold in symptomatic but not in asymptomatic post-menopausal women. Fertil Steril. 2000;74:20–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman RR. Pathophysiology and treatment of menopausal hot flashes. Semin Reprod Med. 2005;23:117–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deecher DC, Dorries K. Understanding the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes and night sweats) that occur in perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause life stages. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2007;10:247–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, Fox CS, Black D, Ettinger B, . Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in post-menopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117: 1016–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. A prospective, observational study of post-menopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133: 933–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taskinen MR. Oestrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease. Ann Med. 1998;30:443–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, . Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy post-menopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:321–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser NL, . Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:523–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, . Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA. 1998;280:605–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V, Blumenthal R, Davidson M, Hlatky M, . Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA. 2002; 288:49–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair GV, Klein KP, Herrington DM. Assessing the role of oestrogen in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Med. 2001;33:305–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodis HN, Mack WJ. Post-menopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease in perspective. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;51:564–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkola TS, Clarkson TB. Estrogen replacement therapy, atherosclerosis, and vascular function. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;53:605–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grodstein F, Clarkson TB, Manson JE. Understanding the divergent data on post-menopausal hormone therapy. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:645–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkola TS, Clarkson TB, Notelovitz M. Post-menopausal hormone therapy before and after the women’s health initiative study: what consequences? Ann Med. 2004;36: 402–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber LM, Sievert LL, Warren K, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE. Hot flashes are associated with increased ambulatory systolic blood pressure. Menopause. 2007;14:308–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gast GC, Grobbee DE, Pop VJ, Keyzer JJ, Wijnands-van Gent CJ, Samsioe GN, . Menopausal complaints are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension. 2008;51:1492–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurston RC, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Everson-Rose SA, Hess R, Matthews KA. Hot flashes and subclinical cardiovascular disease: findings from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation heart study. Circulation. 2008;118:1234–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notelovitz M, Lenihan JP, McDermott M, Kerber IJ, Nanavati N, Arce J. Initial 17beta-estradiol dose for treating vasomotor symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:726–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan JA, Loprinzi CL, Novotny PJ, Barton DL, Lavasseur BI, Windschitl H. Methodologic lessons learned from hot flash studies. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:4280–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panay N, Ylikorkala O, Archer DF, Gut R, Lang E. Ultra-low-dose estradiol and norethisterone acetate: effective menopausal symptom relief. Climacteric. 2007;10: 120–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomikoski P, Mikkola TS, Hämäläinen E, Tikkanen MJ, Turpeinen U, Ylikorkala O. Biochemical markers for cardiovascular disease in recently post-menopausal women with and without hot flashes. Menopause. 2009;17:145–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering TG, Shimbo D, Haas D. Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2368–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomikoski P, Ebert P, Groop PH, Haapalahti P, Hautamäki H, Rönnback M, . Evidence for a role of hot flushes in vascular function in recently post-menopausal women. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:902–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold EB, Sternfeld B, Kelsey JL, Brown C, Mouton C, Reame N, . Relation of demographic and lifestyle factors to symptoms in a multi-racial/ethnic population of women 40–55 years of age. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152:463–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DE, Sievert LL, Aki SL, Mills PS, Etrata MB, Paopao RN, . Effects of age, ethnicity and menopause on ambulatory blood pressure: Japanese-American and Caucasian school teachers in Hawaii. Am J Hum Biol. 2001; 13:486–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James GD, Sievert LL, Flanagan E. Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in relation to hot flash experience among women of menopausal age. Ann Hum Biol. 2004; 31:49–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low DA, Davis SL, Keller DM, Shibasaki M, Crandall CG. Cutaneous and hemodynamic responses during hot flashes in symptomatic post-menopausal women. Menopause. 2008; 15:290–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelesen R, Krohn P, Dimsdale JE. Hot-flash hypotension. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1577–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vongpatanasin W. Autonomic regulation of blood pressure in menopause. Semin Reprod Med. 2009;27:338–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh KK. Effects of estrogen on the vascular wall: vasomotor function and inflammation. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;55: 714–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kshirsagar AV, Carpenter M, Bang H, Wyatt SB, Colindres RE. Blood pressure usually considered normal is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Med. 2006; 119:133–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaydun G, Tomiyama H, Hashimoto H, Arai T, Koji Y, Yambe M, . Menopause is an independent factor augmenting the age-related increase in arterial stiffness in the early post-menopausal phase. Atherosclerosis. 2006;184: 137–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins P, Rosano G, Casey C, Daly C, Gambacciani M, Hadji P, . Management of cardiovascular risk in the peri-menopausal woman: a consensus statement of European cardiologists and gynaecologists. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28:2028–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar